Practice and experience of engineering culture development in the Sutong Bridge project

To keep up with the time, culture is integrated to large-scale construction project management in China, which will absolutely add more vitality into construction project management in our country. Engineering culture is an integration of project construction and engineering culture. However, engineering culture development enjoys its own particularity as a project is constructed once only within a limited period of time. This paper gives affirmative opinion that engineering culture development in large-scale projects backs project management on the basis of thorough investigation of engineering culture development in Sutong Bridge Project and after deepened analysis, proposes new thinking pattern of engineering culture development in large-scale projects in a systematic manner, including thorough understanding of the essence of engineering culture, principle and contents of engineering culture development as well as efficient method in respect of establishment and implementation of engineering culture, and therefore provides a standard reference and systematic thinking pattern for engineering culture development in future large-scale projects.     

Low-carbon Scenario and Technologies in Modern City

From a multi-dimensional perspective of economic development,carbon dioxide and industrial pollutant emission and resource consumption in the case study of Shenyang,this paper analyzes the resource consumption and environmental impact in the process of urban economic development and low-carbon transition and evaluates the emission reduction potential and scenario of various technologies. The results show that city plays a key role in global low-carbon economic construction,and it is pointed out that emission reduction technology in urban scale can reduce total amount of carbon emission to substantial extent. From the aspect of future development,the input of technology and economic growth pattern should be strengthened so as to realize economic development as well as the total amount reduction of pollutant emission.     

Coastal wetland in South China： Degradation trends, causes and protection countermeasures

There are abundant coastal wetlands in South China and their main characters are the tidal flats, mangroves and coral reefs. In this paper, the status quo of coastal wetlands in South China is introduced and their degradation trends in the last decades are analyzed based on the existing literatures and information. Their degradation trends are characterized by reduction of coastal wetlands＇ area, pollution of seawater environment, degeneration of ecological environment, sharp decrease of biodiversity in the wetlands and so on. At the same time, the causes resulting in the above-mentioned degradations are discussed, mainly concluding imperfect systems of management and legislation, deficient property and assessment systems of the wetlands, weak consciousness of protecting coastal wetlands, shortage of basic study and backward management level and so on. Some countermeasures are put forward for the sake of a sustainable use of the coastal wetlands of South China, mainly including establishing and perfecting administrative and legal systems for the coastal wetlands, developing the study on assessment of coastal wetland, heightening the consciousness of public participation, and strengthening scientific research and establishment of wetland nature reserves.     

Coastal wetland in South China:Degradation trends,causes and protection countermeasures

There are abundant coastal wetlands in South China and their main characters are the tidal flats, mangroves and coral reefs. In this paper, the status quo of coastal wetlands in South China is introduced and their degradation trends in the last decades are analyzed based on the existing literatures and information. Their degradation trends are characterized by reduction of coastal wetlands’ area, pollution of seawater environment, degeneration of ecological environment, sharp decrease of biodiversity in the wetlands and so on. At the same time, the causes resulting in the above-mentioned degradations are discussed, mainly concluding imperfect systems of management and legislation, deficient property and assessment systems of the wetlands, weak consciousness of protecting coastal wetlands, shortage of basic study and backward management level and so on. Some countermeasures are put forward for the sake of a sustainable use of the coastal wetlands of South China, mainly including establishing and perfecting administrative and legal systems for the coastal wetlands, developing the study on assessment of coastal wetland, heightening the consciousness of public participation, and strengthening scientific research and establishment of wetland nature reserves.     

Study on Occupational Hazards and Preventive Measures for the Constructors in Building Qinghai-Tibetan Railway

To analyze the hazard factors for the constructors through the geographic environment along the Qinghai-Tibetan railway. On the basis of the physical examination data of the constructors, we dynamically investigated the impact of the plateau environment on the constructors＇ health. We concluded the adaptation after the plain people entering into the plateau, and the application of the medical security measures and the effectiveness of the Plateau diseases preventing and controlling measures during the construction of the Qinghai- Tibetan railway. The results showed that there existed many occupational hazard factors because of the harsh environment in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, and they did a severe harm to the constructors. To take an effective prevention measure could apparently alleviate the occupational hazards, and ensure the safety and health of the constructors. The paper not only provided the valuable experiences for the medical support during the economic construction in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau areas in the future, but also made a contribution for improving the development of the world plateau medicine.     

China’s urban expansion from 1990 to 2010 determined with satellite remote sensing

Based on the same data source of Landsat TM/ETM+ in 1990s,2000s and 2010s,all urban built-up areas in China are mapped mainly by human interpretation.Mapping results were checked and refined by the same analyst with the same set of criteria.The results show during the last 20 years urban areas in China have increased exponentially more than 2 times.The greatest area of urbanization changed from Northeastern provinces in 1990s to the Southeast coast of China in Jiangsu,Guangdong,Shandong,and Zhejiang in 2010s.Urban areas are mostly converted from croplands in China.Approximately 17750 km 2 croplands were converted into urban lands.Furthermore,the conversion from 2000 to 2010 doubled that from 1990 to 2000.During the 20 years,the most urbanized provinces are Jiangsu,Guangdong,Shandong and Zhejiang.We also analyzed built-up areas,gross domestic production (GDP) and population of 147 cities with a population of greater than 500000 in 2009.The result shows coastal cities and resource-based cities are with high economic efficiency per unit of built-up areas,resource-based cities have the highest population density,and the economic efficiency of most coastal provinces are lower than central provinces and Guangdong.The newly created urban expansion dataset is useful in many fields including trend analysis of urbanization in China;simulation of urban development dynamics;analysis of the relationship among urbanization,population growth and migration;studies of carbon emissions and climate change;adaptation of climate change;as well as land use and urban planning and management.     

Unequal Development and Territorial Competitiveness of Network Economy

The territorial consideration is enclosed in the development of network economy and e-Business, and there is no departure of the cultivation of e-Business from the establishment of territorial competitiveness. The traditional theory of the territorial competitiveness has come across a serious impact from the Internet. So the development of Intemet infrastructures and institutional environment would be something new to the theory of territorial competitiveness in the Internet era.     

Strategy research on new urban space development and new deepwater terminal in Hengsha

From a strategic perspective, the paper presents a forward-looking thinking supported by interdisci- plinary of modern logistics, estuary and coast, environment and ecology, economic management and mathematical statistics. It leads to a reasonable solution to space expansion by reclamation. Construction of new deepwater terminal is the best usage of land resources and can strengthen the status of Shanghai as an international shipping center, thus support the preparation and strategic decision of future urban development of Shanghai.     

Calculation methodology of marine environmental capacity for heavy metal: A case study in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Results from past pollution control practices show that environmental quality can be ensured by controlling the actual amount of pollutants formed in the environment.Therefore,the marine environmental capacity for heavy metals was introduced.Marine environmental capacity for heavy metals is defined as the maximum amount of heavy metals permitted in the marine environment system to preserve the benign cycle of materials in the oceansphere,and to limit the adverse effects of heavy metals on the biosphere,hydrosphere,atmosphere,and lithosphere.Based on the box or three-dimensional model in the target coastal region,including the self-purification and output of heavy metals,the marine environmental capacity for heavy metals can be calculated within a given criterion and time.In this study,a method was proposed to calculate the marine environmental capacity for heavy metals which includes four steps:(1) gathering the basis information of target coastal ecosystem,(2) selection of water control points and water quality criteria for these points,(3) development of numerical models for the biogeochemical cycling of heavy metals in target coastal region,and(4) calculation of environmental capacity using the developed model.According to the proposed method,the marine environmental capacity for lead is approximately 60 tons per year if Grade I seawater quality is set as the control criterion in Jiaozhou Bay.An effective seawater quality management plan can also be framed based on the environmental capacity for metals.     

Systematic Design and Coordination Acts of Ecological Security in Upper Yangtze River in China

In this paper, systematic design and act of eco-security is discussed as a focal point of conflict and unrest. The situation of ecosystem, the schematic framework of eco-security design, the main acts of ecosystem improvement, major difficulties and challenges have also been analyzed. The purpose of this study was to formulate the systematic framework of eco-security maintenance, to highlight systematic idea or philosophy of ecological rehabilitation and eco-security. A three-dimensional schematic model is applied to design the security of ecosystem. It was concluded that: 1) maintaining ecological security requires far better and sophisticated resource management skill and ecological improvement measures, and is also a continuing and multifaceted task. It cannot be permanently accomplished by a single action and program; 2) at present, technical system and policy and law system dimensions of ecological security are not enough even in short; 3) development of ecological industries is beneficial to local economic development and ecosystem protection.     

Project Construction and Important Technical Innovation for Qinshan Phase Ⅲ (PHWR) Nuclear Power Plant

Qinshan Phase Ⅲ (PHWR) Nuclear Power Plant, the first commercial heavy water reactor nuclear power plant in China, was the biggest trade project performed between the governments of China and Canada. As the owner, the Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Company (TQNPC) persisted in independent innovation management during the project construction, commissioning and selfdependent operation, efficiently realizing the three controls of the project, i.e. quality control, schedule control and investment control, and persisted in technical improvement on the basis of digestion and absorption of CANDU6 technology to improve the unit safety and reliability. The project construction practice has helped China’s nuclear power project management to becomeprogrammed, computerized, standardized and internationalized management from the existing basis. After completion of the project, with unit safe and steady operation as the prerequisite, TQNPC performed several technical modifications and innovations to continuously improve the unit performance. In the area of staff development, TQNPC paid much attention to cultivation of corporate culture, strengthed staff training and built up a good circulating mechanism with staff training and project construction promoting each other. Further to “Zero Breakthrough” and a new step forward of locolization successfully realized in Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant and Nuclear Power Qinshan Joint Venture Company, the improvement and developemnt of nuclear power project management level in Qinshan Phase Ⅲ (PHWR) Nuclear Power Plant provided reference for promotion of nuclear power development in China and standardized management of introducing large imported project.     

The Briefing Relating to the Construction of Dust-Storm Monitoring, Predicting and Service System

Dust-storm is a kind of severe weather, which has comprehensive and significant impacts on socioeconomic development and people‘s livelihood. Enhancing the abihties of dust-storm monitoring, predicting and service will be of great benefit and the important significance to China and its people. At present, the comprehensive operation on dust-storm monitoring, predicting and service is still in a preliminary phase, the abilities of operation can‘ t meet the needs of implementing the real-time and quantitative monitoring and providing the efficient service. The implementation of the project of dust-storm monitoring, predicting and service system will greatly improve the service ability and level for tile sustainable development and make a greater contribution to build the better-off society. The first phase project mainly involves monitoring subsystem, predicting, warning and service subsystem; communications and transmission subsystem, etc. In the first phase construction a series of major measures should be taken to address project overall benefits, such as making better use of current monitoring resource, taking into account the standards of data format and project integrative and extensive abilities and so on.     

Tension leg platform project execution

The first floating platform concept design work for South China Sea is undergoing in DMAR’s office now. This tension leg platform has potential to become the first advanced floating production platform project. Project execution is always a challenge for floating system. This paper focuses on the critical elements of project execution for tension leg platform,and studies potential implications to future oil and gas exploration in South China Sea. There are many factors affecting successful execution of floating system project,including technical issues, engineering management,interface management,etc. There are also failure examples of project execution in the industry. The author has participated 28 large detailed projects and has gained extensive experience on floating projects,with ample hands-on project experiences. A detailed tension leg platform project study example and discussions in depth are presented for future project execution in China deepwater development.     

Integrated simulation of the dualistic water cycle and its associated processes in the Haihe River Basin

Water resource shortages, water environmental deterioration, and water ecological degradation are becoming increasingly prominent in the Haihe River Basin under the effects of global climate change and intense human activity. Finding ways to solve these problems reasonably is an urgent task in basin water resources management. The water cycle describes the formation and transformation of every water drop, while it interacts with associated water ecology and water environment processes. Therefore, to fundamentally solve the above problems, the three processes must be combined and the evolutionary trends of the ecology and water environment driven by the water cycle must be determined. To comprehensively diagnose and solve the problems of water resources, ecology and water environment in the basin, an integrated simulation platform of the dualistic water cycle and its associated processes in the Haihe River Basin was established by fully analyzing the "natural-social" dualistic characteristics of the evolution of the basin water cycle in this study. Accordingly, it is a supporting tool to evaluate the future trends of water resources, ecology and the water environment by setting scenarios based on the predictions of a climate mode and water control conditions. The results show that with climate change, the water consumption, groundwater overexploitation, and the amount of water flowing to the sea could develop soundly and satisfy the requirements of national economic growth in the future planning year 2030 through the implementation of water consumption control management and the South-North Water Diversion Project. Meanwhile, associated water environmental deterioration can be alleviated, and a growing trend for production capacities of the natural ecosystem and agro-ecosystem is seen. The above results provide a foundation for implementing basin water resources regulation and the most strict water resources management.     

A Benefit Measurement Framework for an Online Contract Change Management System

The contract change management (CCM) system is an online collaboration tool, which supports the contract change management process of new engineering contract (NEC) contract. It is currently used in practice on a wide range of civil, power, and building projects in the UK. The aim of this study is first to identify the tangible and intangible benefits of the system through a user survey; then to develop a framework to measure these benefits. A questionnaire survey is conducted, which reveals that CCM can help project teams improve process effectiveness, reduce risk of process failures, and increase the compliance with NEC requirements. Subsequently, a spreadsheet tool is developed to allow CCM users to calculate the tangible cost savings as a result of using the system. For intangible benefits, a change management maturity model (CM3) is developed, which provides a measurement framework for assessing the improvement of a project team’s capability in dealing with contract changes.     

Development of Virtual Account System for Research Projects Based on J2EE

IntroductionWith the economy developing at domestic and abroad ,informationin project management is growing increasingly .The professional field of project management today isdiverse[1].So it is necessary to arrange and classify a largeamount of information in ti me with a rational dealingmethod .In this way , the management system can put uppermutation and combinationin terms of various regulationsto bring up report forms ,then communicate , transfer andreport to the leadership by traditional…     

Scattered Rural Settlements and Development of Mountainous Regions in Western Sichuan, China

Making rural settlements of Mountainous Regions in Western Sichuan as the study objects and using symbolic statistical methods, then combining the case study of Daofu County, the paper analyzes the negative impact of the scattered rural settlements on infrastructure construction, farmers＇ income increase and mountain ecological reconstruction in mountainous regions of western Sichuan. The results indicate that economic density is positively related to both rural settlements density （R^2=0.73） and rural population density （R^2=0.77）, and it is the same for relationship between towns density and rural settlements density （R^2=0.88） and between towns density and economic density （R^2=0.71）, and the scattered distribution pattern of the rural settlements and shortage of economic centers is a major factor to the lagged socioeconomic development. On the eco-economic zoning to Daofu County, the paper indicates the spatial distribution model and the industrial development model of the rural settlements need to be changed, and rural population should be concentrated in larger rural settlements with development of off-farm industries while infrastructure construction is to reinforced.     

Development and Prospect of China Uranium Mining and Metallurgy

The development of industry of uranium mining and metallurgy in China has been reviewed generally, emphasizing on investigation approaches and application levels of uranium mining technologies such as insitu leaching, heap leaching, stope leaching: on the basis of analysis on status of uranium mining and metallurgy and problems existed, also considering the specific features of deposit resources, the development orientation of uranium mining and metallurgy in China is pointed out. The industry of China uranium mining and metallurgy is faced to new opportunity of development and challenge in 21st century, the only way to realize sustainable development of uranium mining and metallurgy and harmonious development between economy and environment is to develop new technology on mining, ore beneficiation and metallurgy, increase the utilization level of uranium resources, low down impact on environment caused by mining and metallurgy.     

Societal response to challenges of global change and human sustainable development

It is now widely accepted that carbon emission from human activities is an important driving force in global warming, and global change has a deep impact on sustainable development of human society. To meet the challenges of global change, the international community has reached a consensus that developed countries take strict actions in emission reduction, whereas developing countries take spontaneous efforts in reducing emissions under the guiding principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, with an agreed goal to restrict global surface temperature increase due to human activities to within 2℃ of pre-industrial levels. However, there is no clear pathway to reach this goal. A number of related questions must be addressed on principles to be followed, research emphasis and policy measures. Here we argue that response policies to address global change issues must be based on balanced development at regional and international levels, and on advancements in science and technology. This requires consideration of harmony not only between humans and nature but also within human societies, to properly deal with the relationship between global change and sustainable development. We must make equal efforts toward carbon emission reduction and carbon sequestration, and toward mitigation and adaptation. There should be more research support to reduce uncertainties in our understanding of global change. Addressing the challenges of global change creates great opportunities for the development of human society. This will facilitate transformation of energy use structure, improve and restore ecological functioning of the earth environment, transform production modes and ways of living in human society, and promote harmonic and balanced development at regional and international levels.