濒危植物翅果油树根际土壤磷的有效性研究

本文采用酸溶－钼锑抗比色法、张守敬－Jackson分级测定法、灼烧－0.2N H2SO4浸提法、0.03N NH4F-0.025N HCl浸提－钼锑抗比色法、以及电位法对翅果油树（DElaeagnus.mol-lis）根际土与非根际土的全磷、无机磷、有机磷、有效磷及土壤pH值等进行测定与分析。结果表明，在翅果油树土壤中全磷浓度在根与非根际相近，有效磷和无机磷在根际略高于非根际，有机磷在根际略低于非根际，但均无明显差异，比较无机磷各组分与土壤有效磷的相关性发现：无论在根际还是在非根际，其相关系数均未达到显著水平，除Fe-P外，其余各组分都表现出根际略大于根际的趋势，翅果油树土壤pH表现为根际略小于非根际，而且均呈弱碱性，这与其土壤Ca-P含量高相一致。     

栓皮栎,杉木和火炬松根际与非根际土壤氮素及pH差异的研究

初步研究了南京林业大学下蜀林场栓皮栎，杉木和火炬松根际与非根际土壤氮素状况及土壤ｐＨ的差异，结果表明三个树种根际土壤全氮含量都明显高于非根际土壤，无机氮的季节变化是栓皮栎根际无机氮含量皆高于非根际土壤，杉木和火炬松根际土壤无机氮含量积累或亏缺或与非根际土壤接近。三个树种对土壤ｐＨ的影响是：栓皮栎根际土壤ｐＨ大于非根际土壤ｐＨ，杉木和火炬松则是根际土壤ｐＨ小于非根际土壤ｐＨ。     

非根际土壤中丛枝菌根网和碳酸钙互作对香樟幼苗氮磷养分的影响

为考察非根际土壤中丛枝菌根网(后简称菌根网)和碳酸钙互作对香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)幼苗氮磷养分的影响，模拟构建了植物根际和非根际隔室装置，采用尼龙网隔离实现根际与非根际隔室菌根网互联，在根际隔室中种植香樟幼苗并接种丛枝菌根真菌，在非根际隔室施加或未施加外源碳酸钙，培养期结束后测定植物生物量和氮、磷含量。结果显示：菌根网对香樟幼苗植株生物量，氮、磷摄取量及氮磷比有明显影响；施加碳酸钙明对幼苗植株氮含量、氮摄取量及氮磷比有明显的影响；在施加碳酸钙后菌根网明显提升了幼苗植株生物量，氮含量及氮、磷摄取量，叶片氮、磷摄取量和根的氮磷比；在菌根网存在时施加碳酸钙可明显提高植株氮含量、根和叶的氮摄取量以及根的氮磷比；菌根网与碳酸钙的交互作用明显影响了幼苗植株氮含量，氮、磷摄取量和氮磷比，但对幼苗植株生物量无明显影响。研究结果提示非根际喀斯特土壤中互联菌根网和碳酸钙相互作用能够促进植物对氮磷养分的吸收利用。     

盐生植物根际对土壤中微生物数量和酶活性的影响

选择滨海盐碱地为研究对象,通过实验就盐生植物根际对土壤中微生物的数量和酶活性的影响进行了初步研究.实验结果表明,盐生植物种植后,根际土壤的微生物数量比非根际土壤明显增加,酶活性也有不同程度的提高.植物根系越发达,土壤中微生物的数量越多,土壤酶的活性也越高.为盐渍化土壤的植物修复提供了理论数据,具有一定的现实意义.     

喀斯特生境不同功能型植物根系中AM侵染与氮磷含量的关系

【目的】高度异质的喀斯特生境中维持了丰富的植物物种。丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)在促进植物养分吸收及维持物种之间的功能关系具有重要作用,研究喀斯特生境不同功能型植物根系中AM侵染与植物氮磷含量的关系对深入探索喀斯特物种多样性维持机制具有重要意义。【方法】选取典型喀斯特生境植物群落为对象,按乔木型、灌木型、草本型和藤本型划分功能型,在半径为3m的样圆内选取香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)作为供体植物标记15 N同位素,测定了样圆内所有植物叶片δ15 N值及氮(N)与磷(P)的含量、根系AM侵染率、根际土壤孢子密度等。【结果】供体香樟中的15 N向样圆内所有植物转移,植物功能型差异和物种的差异明显影响了植株叶片的δ15 N值;乔木型植物的根际土壤孢子密度、叶片N含量及δ15 N值最高,香樟的根际土壤孢子密度和叶片δ15 N值最高,而女贞(Ligustrum lucidum)叶片N含量最高;灌木型植物叶片的N含量、P含量、N与P的含量比、δ15 N值以及根系AM侵染率、根际土壤孢子密度最低,其中烟管荚蒾(Viburnum utile)的根系AM侵染率和根际土壤孢子密度为0;草本型植物的根系AM侵染率和叶片P含量最高,其中丝叶薹草(Carex capilliformis)的叶片P含量和根系AM侵染率最高,但叶片N含量最低。【结论】喀斯特生境中不同功能型植物叶片氮磷含量及氮转移量存在差异,不同植物的根系AM侵染率与根际土壤孢子密度、叶片P含量有明显的正相关关系,叶片δ15 N值与叶片N含量、根际土壤孢子密度有明显的正相关关系。     

喀斯特生境不同功能型植物根系中AM侵染与氮磷含量的关系

【目的】高度异质的喀斯特生境中维持了丰富的植物物种。丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)在促进植物养分吸收及维持物种之间的功能关系具有重要作用,研究喀斯特生境不同功能型植物根系中 AM 侵染与植物氮磷含量的关系对深入探索喀斯特物种多样性维持机制具有重要意义。【方法】选取典型喀斯特生境植物群落为对象,按乔木型、灌木型、草本型和藤本型划分功能型,在半径为3m 的样圆内选取香樟(Cinnamomum cam phora)作为供体植物标记15N同位素,测定了样圆内所有植物叶片δ15N值及氮(N)与磷(P)的含量、根系 AM 侵染率、根际土壤孢子密度等。【结果】供体香樟中的15N向样圆内所有植物转移,植物功能型差异和物种的差异明显影响了植株叶片的δ15N值;乔木型植物的根际土壤孢子密度、叶片 N 含量及δ15N值最高,香樟的根际土壤孢子密度和叶片δ15N值最高,而女贞(Ligustrum lucidum)叶片 N含量最高;灌木型植物叶片的 N 含量、P含量、N 与 P的含量比、δ15N值以及根系AM侵染率、根际土壤孢子密度最低,其中烟管荚蒾(Viburnum utile)的根系 AM 侵染率和根际土壤孢子密度为0;草本型植物的根系 AM 侵染率和叶片 P含量最高,其中丝叶薹草(Carex capilliformis)的叶片 P含量和根系 AM 侵染率最高,但叶片 N 含量最低。【结论】喀斯特生境中不同功能型植物叶片氮磷含量及氮转移量存在差异,不同植物的根系 AM 侵染率与根际土壤孢子密度、叶片 P含量有明显的正相关关系,叶片δ15N值与叶片N含量、根际土壤孢子密度有明显的正相关关系。
     

溶磷细菌9320对玉米苗期植株根系分泌物的影响

为了解溶磷细菌促进作物生长的机制和最终效果,将不同剂量的溶磷细菌9320添加到土壤中,以此培养玉米幼苗,测量幼苗根系分泌物中的可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、有机酸、土壤有效磷的含量、植株生长状况等.结果表明:随着土壤中溶磷细菌剂量的增加,玉米根系分泌物中可溶性蛋白含量增加,可溶性糖含量降低,有机酸种类和含量增加,根区土壤有效磷含量增加,根际土壤有效磷含量降低,玉米幼苗的株高、根长和质量都增加.同灭菌处理组相比,活菌处理组中,根系分泌物的蛋白含量和根区土壤有效磷含量更高,根系分泌物可溶性糖含量和根际土壤有效磷含量更低,玉米的生长情况更好.这些结果说明溶磷细菌能够将土壤中的难溶态磷转化为可溶态磷供植物吸收利用,而且能够促进根系的代谢活动,最终促进植物生长.     

盐胁迫下土壤-杨树系统中离子运移与分布特征

在温室条件下,采用盆栽根箱培养的方法研究了盐胁迫下土壤-杨树系统中盐分离子的运移与分布特征。结果表明,各处理下杨树根际土壤中K^ 出现亏缺,Na^ 、Ca^ 、Mg^2 均出现富集。在低盐胁迫下,杨树根系优先选择吸收K^ 、Ca^2 和Mg^2 ,而对Na^ 的选择性有所减弱;两个杨树无性系能在根中积累较多的阳离子,同时I-69杨对Ca^2 ,NL-1381杨对K^ 、Ca^2 和Mg^2 向地上部分运输的选择性也有所增强,但抑制Na^ 向地上部分的运输,以减缓Na^ 对地上部分生长的胁迫。     

植物根际营养研究进展

根际是受植物活根影响的土壤微区。植物根际营养生态是近年来的研究热点。笔对根际土壤采样方法和营养检测技术、根际微区养分状况、根系分泌物对根际营养影响等方面的研究进展进行了综述。着重介绍了根际土壤田间采样和室内模拟培育方法,根际微域营养检测常用的电极法、电子探针法和冰冻切片法,总结了近20年来国内外根际土壤氮、磷、钾营养状况的研究成果,深入分析了根系分泌物对根际环境、养分释放及植物适应养分胁迫等的影响,提出了植物根际营养研究今后应加强的领域和方向。     

“黑麦草-水稻”草田轮作系统根际效应研究Ⅳ.黑麦草根际土壤性状及其对水稻幼苗生长的影响

探讨了黑麦草Lolium multiflorum根际非根际土壤性状差异以及对水稻幼苗生长的影响,土壤分析表明:根际比非根际土壤的pH值低1.6%,而土壤电导率高19.3%,根际土壤多糖、酒石酸、苹果酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸含量分别比非根际土壤高9%、12.5%、8.3%、24.4%、12.5%、7.7%;土壤微生物的差异更为明显,细菌、放线菌和真菌分别高12倍、3.1倍和9倍,同时,根际土壤中的酶活性也比非根际土壤强,其中土壤脱氢酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶、脲酶活性分别高37.1%、36.5%、70.6%、35.7%.水稻幼苗盆栽试验表明,在不同施肥条件下,根际土壤栽培的水稻幼苗的株高、单株叶面积、地上部地下部干物质积累量、根长、根数、叶片叶绿素质量分数和根系活力均不同程度地高于非根际土壤.可见,黑麦草的根际效应对于改良稻田土壤理化和生物性状有重要的作用,并有利于后作水稻幼苗的生长.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-