阶跃相位整形的飞秒激光脉冲时间光强分布

利用飞秒超快脉冲相位整形方法,计算并研究了阶跃相位整形后激光脉冲的时域光强分布特点。研究结果表明,通过改变调制位置和调制深度,高斯激光脉冲可以整形形成强度可调的双脉冲结构,且子脉冲的中心时间和脉宽可以采用调制参数来调节。同时,研究发现阶跃位置的有效可调范围和激光的线宽密切相关。     

高质量超短光脉冲的产生与表征

分析半高全宽光脉冲表征体系的不足,提出用以表征光脉冲时域和频域特性的方均根光脉冲表征体系.采用空心波导对飞秒激光腔内的光束进行调制,并分别用2种光脉冲表征体系表征了实验中产生的lO-15s光脉冲,得到了高质量的飞秒激光脉冲.结果表明,方均根光脉冲表征体系能够更加准确地表征飞秒光脉冲.     

飞秒激光脉冲的测量与诊断

报道一种高精度的测量矩飞秒激光脉冲宽度的装置和方法。它是通过计算机精确控制压电陶瓷（PIZ）的伸缩,扫描得到飞秒激光脉冲强度的共线相干自相关曲线,以此分析得到超短激光脉冲特性和宽度的方法。它亦可以用于飞秒激光光谱实验研究。     

变换极限脉冲泵浦的飞秒脉冲光参量产生的理论研究

建立了一个超短脉冲(USP)光参量产生(OPG)过程的理论模型,综合考虑了泵浦光的消耗、介质损耗、相位失配、泵浦光、信号光和闲频光之间的群速度失配(GVM)和脉冲内的群速度色散(IGVD)等因素,导出耦合波方程组,对耦合波方程组进行数值求解并对USP-OPG过程作数值计算,详细研究了GVM参数、IGVD参数、泵浦光的强度和脉宽以及信号光波长的调谐对USP-OPG的转换效率、输出脉冲的脉宽和对称性等特性的影响.     

激光脉冲能量测试装置的设计及实验研究

在激光钎焊过程中,为了达到理想的焊接效果,光斑聚焦处能量的控制是一关键因素,能量的测试显得尤为重要。设计了一种激光脉冲能量的测试装置,利用该装置对KJG-1YAG-400A激光焊机脉冲能量进行测量;并通过建立数学模型从理论上分析了测量过程中的热损失,得出了测试装置吸收激光能量后热电偶电阻随时间变化的曲线,经过计算修正后,得到单脉冲激光能量与脉冲电流、脉宽之间的相互关系。通过实验得出,该种测试装置及方法对于脉冲激光能量测试是可行的,同时降低了测试难度,节约了测试成本。     

高分辨率的飞秒激光自动测试系统及其应用

报导了ＩＢＭ计算机控制下的高时间分辨率的飞秒激光自动测试系统．其时间分辨率小于１ｆｓ（光程分辨率０．０８４μｍ），信号测量相对灵敏度达１０－６，采用集成多功能程序控制，重复性和稳定性高，适用于飞秒激光脉宽的自相关测量和飞秒泵浦探测实验．     

富勒烯铅纳米材料光限幅实验

应用倍频Nd:YAG脉冲激光，在波长为532nm，脉宽8ns，重复频率10Hz的条件下，测量了富勒烯铅纳米材料的光限幅特性。     

kHz 脉冲分子束的产生及其在强场原子分子物理实验中的应用

采用悬臂压电脉冲阀, 制备出最高重复频率达到3 kHz 的脉冲分子束。通过测量氮气分子束在飞秒激光作用下隧道电离生成的N2 +(B-X)荧光光谱, 对脉冲阀的性能做了表征。这种kHz 脉冲分子束搭配kHz 飞秒激光器, 将推动飞秒强激光驱动的原子分子动力学实验研究。     

紫外波长光成丝在大气中传输时的激光脉冲宽度研究

文章用数值模拟方法研究了脉冲宽度对紫外激光丝在大气中传输的影响.248 nm波长的紫外激光在空气中能够形成光丝的脉冲宽度达到4 ns,比红外波长激光的脉冲宽度高3个数量级.在大气中可以利用长达几个纳秒的紫外脉冲激光在1 TW/cm2的功率下实现长距离的激光丝传输.在适当的长脉冲宽度情况下,可以用不含时间的稳态麦克斯韦波动方程来研究激光丝传输,研究了脉冲宽度的范围.模拟计算选取3种波长,比较了激光丝在氮气中传输的情况,说明了这些激光脉宽依赖于光束的功率.     

高速半导体激光器超短光脉冲产生及脉宽测试

报道了利用增压开关半导体激光器产生超短光脉冲的实验结果，研制了适合测量半导体激光器超短光脉冲宽度的强度自相关测试系统，测得其脉宽为４０ｐｓ。     

飞秒激光在对氨基偶氮苯薄膜表面上制备微偏振元件

用400 nm和800 nm线偏振飞秒激光垂直聚焦于对氨基偶氮苯薄膜表面上,以形成纳米微结构.实验观察到400 nm和800 nm线偏光照射样品表面分别得到周期为210 nm和500 nm的干涉条纹,条纹周期均随激光能流密度的增强而增大.通常认为这种周期结构是由入射激光与材料表面的散射光相干涉所形成的：光的干涉引起材料表面温度呈现梯度变化,从而引起表面张力呈现梯度变化,诱导周期条纹的产生.制备偶氮聚合物的厚膜,用400 nm飞秒激光照射样品表面,同样也得到周期性纳米微结构.     

飞秒脉冲激光产生及捕获微气泡的实验研究

采用高速光学摄像及高频超声成像技术对飞秒脉冲激光在介质水中发生光学诱导击穿的过程进行实验研究.结果表明,光学诱导击穿产生后,在高能激光自聚焦的焦点处产生一系列微气泡,最后只有一个微气泡可以被激光束稳定地捕获,并且这个微气泡可以在超声作用下进行非接触式三维操控.进一步分析了沿激光束产生和捕获的微气泡的时空特性以及激光束捕获微气泡的力学特性.实验结果为应用微气泡进行分子水平的靶向性治疗提供了全新的技术手段.     

Editor’s note

The past two decades have witnessed great progress in development of ultrashort laser pulse in laser science, often at an unexpected speed. It has found various applications, both theoretical and practical, in the frontiers of science.     

飞秒脉冲在透明介质中的三维光存储及读出对比度研究

将波长为800nm，脉冲宽度为150fs的近红外激光脉冲，聚焦到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(Ploymethyl Metacrtlate，简记PMMA)和熔融石英中，实现了三维逐位式光数据存储．分别记录了5，10，15和20层数据位点，并利用相位对比光学显微原理，对各层数据并行读出，从而分析了各层数据位点读出对比度的变化．结果表明，各层数据位点的折射率对比度由内至外依次增加．记录层数越多，内部层的对比度下降越明显．由于飞秒激光脉冲与透明介质相互作用中熔融石英比PMMA内部产生的残余应力大，因此，在数据位点参数相同的情况下，利用聚甲基丙烯甲酯(PMMA)材料记录的层数更多．     

FROG方法诊断飞秒脉冲的振幅与相位

详细讨论了一种基于二次谐波一频谱分辨光闸法 (简称SHG_FROG方法 )的矩阵迭代算法 ,实现了对飞秒脉冲的振幅和相位的诊断 ,得出其脉冲形状为双曲正割型、相位是时间的三次幂形式。     

Carrier-envelope phase passively stabilized near-infrared laserpulses from a dual-frequency pumped noncollinear opticalparametric amplifier

By inversing the signal and idler in a two-stagenoncollinear optical parametric amplifier which is, respec-tively, pumped by the second harmonic and fundamentalwave of femtosecond Ti：sapphire laser at repetition rate of1 kHz, the carrier-envelope phase （CEP） passively stabilizedpulses with a tunable wavelength from 1.1 to 1.6 μm areobtained with maximum energy of95 μJat 1.3 μm underthepump energy ofS00 μJ. The CEP jitter of pulses is 108 mradmeasured by anf-2finterferometer. This work demonstratesa new way to efficiently generate tunable near-infraredfemtosecond laser pulses with self-stabilized CEP.     

非共线相位匹配飞秒脉冲光参量过程的研究

对非共线相位匹配飞秒脉冲光参量产生过程作了理论研究,计算了非共线相位匹配结构的光参量产生过程中非共线角与相位匹配角的关系,参量带宽和群速度失配参数随非共线角变化的情况.说明采用非共线相位匹配结构可以补偿泵浦光、信号光和闲频光之间的群速度失配,大大地提高飞秒脉冲光参量产生过程的转换效率.     

Adaptive subwavelength control of nano-optical fields

Adaptive shaping of the phase and amplitude of femtosecond laser pulses has been developed into an efficient tool for the directed manipulation of interference phenomena, thus providing coherent control over various quantum-mechanical systems. Temporal resolution in the femtosecond or even attosecond range has been demonstrated, but spatial resolution is limited by diffraction to approximately half the wavelength of the light field (that is, several hundred nanometres). Theory has indicated that the spatial limitation to coherent control can be overcome with the illumination of nanostructures: the spatial near-field distribution was shown to depend on the linear chirp of an irradiating laser pulse. An extension of this idea to adaptive control, combining multiparameter pulse shaping with a learning algorithm, demonstrated the generation of user-specified optical near-field distributions in an optimal and flexible fashion. Shaping of the polarization of the laser pulse provides a particularly efficient and versatile nano-optical manipulation method. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of this concept experimentally, by tailoring the optical near field in the vicinity of silver nanostructures through adaptive polarization shaping of femtosecond laser pulses and then probing the lateral field distribution by two-photon photoemission electron microscopy. In this combination of adaptive control and nano-optics, we achieve subwavelength dynamic localization of electromagnetic intensity on the nanometre scale and thus overcome the spatial restrictions of conventional optics. This experimental realization of theoretical suggestions opens a number of perspectives in coherent control, nano-optics, nonlinear spectroscopy, and other research fields in which optical investigations are carried out with spatial or temporal resolution.     

Effects of cavity-dispersion noncoaxiality on the generation of ultrabroadband femtosecond pulses

The effects of cavity-dispersion noncoaxiality （CDN） on the generation of ultrabroadband femtosecond pulses in KLM Ti：sapphire laser were investigated theoretically and experimentally. It was predicted that when the laser sub-cavity works near the coaxial operation point, the limitation of CDN on the bandwidth broadening is minimum, which is favorable for ultrabroadband pulse generation. On the basis of this prediction, femtosecond pulses with bandwidth of 650 to 1000 nm were directly generated from a home built KLM Ti：sapphire laser. To our knowledge, they are the broadest bandwidth pulses produced from KLM Ti：sapphire laser with similar oscillator configuration and gain crystal length of 3 mm.     

Ways to produce and measure atto- and femtosecond soft X-ray pulses

The ways to produce and measure atto-and femtosecond soft X-ray pulses are reported. The laser phase relation of high-order harmonic generation(HHG) shows two different radiation energy distribu-tions in time(or laser phase) domain. These energy-phase relations are helpful for realizing the dy-namic processes of HHG. Two presented parameterized formulas can be used to calculate the durations of the energy distributions with a bandwidth of the pulse. These formulas are useful in calculating and simulating pulses transports and interactions with mediums. The time structures of atto-and femto-second soft X-ray pulses can be directly measured with photoelectron spectrum transfer equations and the related laser phase determination methods without any previous pulse shape and the instantane-ous frequency assumptions. These equations and methods can be used to evaluate and improve the technical parameters of the ultra-short X-ray sources. They have wide measurement ranges and high time resolutions,which may enable ultra-fast measurements to reach metrological precisions,and lead to a new tide of scientific researches in physics,chemistry,biochemistry,etc. The application of atto-and femtosecond X-rays as well as the theoretical and technical problems in measurements are briefly discussed.