冷却速率对Zr基块体非晶合金塑性变形能力的影响

研究了Zr65Cu17.5Ni40Al7.5块体非晶合金制备过程中合金熔体的冷却速率对合金室温塑性变形能力的影响．对φ2mm铸态Zr65Cu17.5Ni40Al7.5非晶合金及由φ3mm和φ4mm铸态非晶合金经车削加工获得的φ2mm试样的室温压缩变形行为进行了研究,结果表明这些合金表现出不同的塑性变形能力．压缩塑性应变随着铸态块体非晶合金直径的增大而减小,即随冷却速率的增大而增大．由此可知,快速凝固过程中冷却速率的大小决定了块体非晶合金中自由体积含量的多少,对非晶合金的塑性变形能力具有重要影响．     

高速冲击载荷下块体Zr基非晶合金断裂行为研究

利用自制高速冲击加载实验装置(ε104 s-1)研究了块体Zr基非晶合金的室温断裂行为;利用扫描电子显微镜对冲击后块体Zr基非晶合金进行微观形貌分析,对比研究了其在高速冲击载荷下ε约为102～103 s-1时断裂行为的差异.研究结果表明:高速冲击载荷下,块体Zr基非晶合金断面表现为类蜂窝状花样、胞腔状花样、脉状花样、熔覆和液滴等形貌;与ε约为102～103 s-1时相比,块体Zr基非晶合金在高速冲击载荷下的断口形貌更为粗糙,脉纹花样方向杂乱,主剪切带黏度降低程度更大,熔覆和液滴形貌尺寸更大,类蜂窝状花样底部具有微孔洞、非晶碎粒和裂纹.     

前言·块体非晶合金

块体非晶合金具有独特的物理和化学性能,例如高强度、优良的磁性和超塑性以及高耐腐蚀性能等,在很多领域具有潜在的应用前景．在过去的十年中,块体非晶合金领域的研究获得了国家重点基础研究发展计划及国家自然科学基金重点项目的资助,在对非晶合金的原子结构、变形行为和非晶形成能力的研究以及具有高非晶形成能力的新型合金体系的开发等方面开展了大量的工作．基于近年来块体非晶合金的研究进展,目前国际非晶合金领域的研究重点和热点如下：     

Zr50.5Cu36.5Ni4Al9块体非晶合金低温动态压缩特性

通过铜模铸造法制备Zr_50.5Cu_36.5Ni₄Al₉块体非晶合金. 利用分离式霍普金森杆（SHPB）,S-4800型扫描电镜等测试分析手段,研究Zr_50.5Cu_36.5Ni₄Al₉块体非晶合金在室温（25℃）和低温下（-40℃）动态压缩特性和断口形貌特征. 结果表明:在动态压缩载荷作用下,Zr_50.5Cu_36.5Ni₄Al₉块体非晶合金抗压强度随载荷增加而降低. 在-40℃低温条件下,动态抗压强度具有低温敏感性. 在室温条件下,Zr_50.5Cu_36.5Ni₄Al₉块体非晶合金断口微观形貌特征主要是脉状花样,伴随裂纹和非晶合金熔化现象;在-40℃ 低温条件下,Zr_50.5Cu_36.5Ni₄Al₉块体非晶合金微观形貌特征主要是鱼骨状花样.      

块体非晶合金的结构研究进展

文章介绍了非晶合金的结构模型的研究进展,对块体非晶合金结构的实验研究及模拟研究近期成果进行了综述,并根据块体非晶合金微观非均匀性结构特点,提出可用多尺度模型来描述块体非晶合金的结构。     

Zr_（55）Al_（10）Cu_（30）Ni_5块体非晶合金轧制塑性变形三维有限元分析

利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA显式动力学分析有限元法对Zr55Al10Cu30Ni5块体非晶合金的室温轧制塑性变形过程进行模拟计算,分析了非晶合金变形区域内的最大剪切应力分布与压下率的关系。计算得出了稳定轧制阶段不同压下率下非晶合金的应力和应变分布。计算结果表明,轧制变形区的最大剪切应力随压下率的增大而增大,并且在最大剪切应力超过屈服应力的局部区域非晶合金发生了非均匀塑性变形。模拟分析的结果与实验研究结果相符合,从而为进一步研究室温轧制变形诱导非晶合金微观结构变化提供理论依据。     

Fe基块体非晶合金在纳米压入过程中的变形行为

摘要Fe基块体非晶合金具有极高的强度但通常表现出显著的宏观脆性,因此用常规拉伸、压缩等方法对这类合金的塑性变形行为和机理的研究具有很大困难．利用纳米压入和单轴压缩方法研究了Fe52Cr15Mo9Er3C15B6块体非晶合金的变形行为,考查了不同加载速率和不同晶化程度对变形行为和力学性能的影响,结果表明铸态和不同晶化程度样品在所研究的加载速率范围内的塑性变形过程中均未出现锯齿流变现象．用剪切带的时间和空间特性探讨了这种Fe基块体非晶合金在纳米压入过程中的特殊变形行为及其形成机制．     

块体非晶合金的应用与研究进展

综述了块体非晶合金的发展历史、主要特性及其应用,详细介绍了块体非晶合金的制备技术、国内外的研究现状和目前存在的问题,对今后研究与发展的方向进行了展望。基于块体非晶合金具有诸多优良的特性,其必将在社会各个领域得到广泛的应用。     

块体非晶合金的研究进展

块体非晶合金具有比各种传统材料更为优异的物理、化学、力学性能及精密成型性,因而一直是材料科学与物理研究的热点。本文分析讨论了该领域中存在的一些基本的问题,并从成分结构条件、热力学条件、动力学条件等方面阐述了块体非晶合金的形成机制,介绍了块体非晶合金优异的性能和应用前景,并扼要介绍了块体非晶合金未来的发展趋势及方向。     

高熵非晶合金研究进展

高熵非晶合金是兼具高熵合金多主元的成分特征和非晶合金长程无序的原子结构堆垛特性的一种新型无序合金.由于其独特的成分和结构特征,高熵非晶合金显示出一系列独特的物理、化学和力学性能.本文简要回顾了高熵非晶合金当前的研究进展,提出高熵非晶合金领域目前仍需解决的科学问题.熵对高熵非晶合金形成的影响:高熵非晶合金具有高混合熵的特点,依据"混乱法则",高熵效应有利于非晶结构的形成,但是研究发现高熵非晶合金相对于同体系的传统非晶合金具有较差的玻璃形成能力.高熵非晶合金的热稳定性与纳米晶化行为:高熵非晶合金具有异常缓慢的纳米晶化动力学,有望通过高熵非晶合金部分晶化制备新型高熵块体纳米结构材料.高熵非晶合金高的热稳定性与较低非晶形成能力之间的异常关系.最后对高熵非晶合金未来的重要研究方向提出了展望.     

Deformation behavior during nanoindentation in Ce-based bulk metallic glasses

Recently, bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have at- tracted a great deal of attention due to their extremely high strength, improved wear resistance and excellent corrosion resistance[1-7]. However, it is known that their structural applications are currently…     

Room temperature plastic deformation behavior of ZrCuNiAl bulk metallic glasses

The Zr_62.55Cu_17.55Ni_9.9Al₁₀ bulk metallic glass (BMG) was prepared by using copper-mold suction-casting. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry were utilized to determine its structure and thermal stability. Uniaxial compression and Rockwell indentation tests were adopted to study the plastic deformation behavior at room temperature. The results show that the glass transition temperature and the onset temperature of exothermic reaction of the BMG are 651.5 and 748 K, respectively. During the compression test, the BMGs undergo an engineering strain of about 2.5%, i.e., true strain of 2.8%, and then fracture. The BMGs deform via the formation and propagation of shear bands. Under indentation loading, the BMGs deform through the formation of radiation-like and circular shear bands. The circular shear bands form earlier than the radiation-like ones. The formation mechanism of shear bands in the BMGs was analyzed and discussed.     

Influence of Cu content on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg-Zn-Ca bulk metallic glasses

(Mg_66.2Zn_28.8Ca₅)_100?xCu_x (at%, x = 0, 1, 3, and 5) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) of 2 mm in diameter were prepared by the conventional copper mold injection casting method. Besides, the influence of Cu content on the microstructure, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of Mg-Zn-Ca BMGs was investigated. It is found that the addition of Cu decreases the glass-forming ability of Mg-Zn-Ca BMGs. Crystalline phases are precipitated at a higher Cu content, larger than 3at%. The compressive fracture strength of Mg-Zn-Ca BMGs is enhanced by the addition of Cu. With the formation of in-situ composites, the compressive strength of the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy with 3at% Cu reaches 979 MPa, which is the highest strength among the Mg-Zn-Ca alloys. Furthermore, the addition of Cu also results in the increase of corrosion potential and the decrease of corrosion current density in Mg-Zn-Ca BMGs, thereby delaying their biodegradability.     

Effect of Mo on properties of the industrial Fe-B-alloy-derived Fe-based bulk metallic glasses

The experimental results concerning the effects of Mo on the glass-forming ability (GFA), thermal stability, and mechanical, anticorrosion, and magnetic properties of an (Fe71.2B24Y4.8)96Nb4 bulk metallic glass (BMG) were presented. An industrial Fe-B alloy was used as the raw material, and a series of Fe-based BMGs were synthesized. In BMGs with the Mo contents of approximately 1at%-2at%, the cast alloy reached a critical diameter of 6 mm. The hardness and fracture strength also reached their maximum values in this alloy system. However, the anticorrosion and magnetic properties of the BMGs were not substantially improved by the addition of Mo. The low cost, good GFA, high hardness, and high fracture strength of the Fe-based BMGs developed in this work suggest that they are potential candidates for commercial applications.     

Correlation of mechanical properties in bulk metallic glasses with ~（27）Al NMR characteristics

We report 27Al NMR and magnetic susceptibility measurements of Zr and ZrHf-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). 27Al NMR Knight shift shows that there exists a clear correlation between the local electronic properties at Al sites and mechanical properties. In addition,magnetic susceptibility measurements also provide clues on the influence of the electronic states,especially the strong influence of d-orbital characteristics on the mechanical properties of toughness and hardness.     

中-低温循环对2A14铝合金力学及疲劳性能的影响

国内对航天用2A14铝合金在中-低温循环条件下力学及疲劳性能的变化规律研究不足,为掌握该材料在上述工况下的力学表现及疲劳损伤情况,对2A14铝合金开展了室温—低温（-196 ℃×4 h）—室温,室温—中温（150 ℃/180 ℃×0.5 h）—室温两种工况循环条件下的力学、疲劳性能及组织变化规律研究。结果表明,在上述两种工况下循环5次,2A14铝合金的晶粒尺寸、粗大相形貌及分布均无显著变化,仍保持高强度及良好的塑韧性;随着应力幅值的降低,2A14铝合金的疲劳寿命逐渐延长;应力比为-1时,2A14铝合金的疲劳极限为150～175 MPa,上述两种工况下循环5次,不会改变2A14铝合金的韧性断裂机制。     

Super-plasticity of Zr<Subscript>64.80</Subscript>Cu<Subscript>14.85</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>10.35</Subscript>Al<Subscript>10</Subscript> bulk metallic glass at room temperature

Generally, bulk metallic glasses （BMGs） exhibit a very limited plastic deformation under a compression load at room temperature, often less than 2% before fracturing. In this letter, through an appropriate choice of BMGs＇ composition, an amorphous rod of Zr64.80Cu14.85Ni10.35Al10 with a diameter of 2 mm was prepared by using copper mold suction casting. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry were utilized to determine its structure and thermal stability, and the uniaxial compression test was adopted to study its plastic deformation behavior at room temperature simultaneously. The results showed that the glass transition temperature and onset temperature of the exothermic reaction of the amorphous rod were 646 and 750 K, respectively, and its micro-hardness was 594.7 Hv. During compression, when the engineering strain and engineering stress arrived at 9.05% and 1732 MPa, respectively, i.e., the true strain and true stress reached 9.42% and 1560 MPa, respectively, the amorphous rod started to yield. After yielding, with the increase of load, the strain increased and the glass rod ulti- mately were compressed into flake-like form. Although the maximum engineering strain was larger than 70%, i.e., the maximum true strain exceeded by 120%, the amorphous specimen was not fractured, indicating that it has super-plasticity at room temperature. Through the appropriate choice of composition and optimization of the technological process, flexible BMG with super-plasticity at room temperature could be produced.     

稀土对Ni9铸钢低温机械性能及断口形貌的影响

着重研究了稀土对Ｎｉ９铸钢常温、低温机械性能和宏观、微观断口形貌的影响；考察了添加稀土钢和未添加稀土钢晶界裂纹倾向程度的大小．分析、讨论了低温机械性能、晶界裂纹倾向、断口形貌、夹杂物含量之间的关系．结果表明：添加稀土后．Ｎｉ９铸钢的晶界裂纹倾向明显降低，钢的常温、低温拉伸性能显著提高，并降低了钢的沿晶断裂倾向，但钢的低温冲击韧性并未得到改善．这与钢中晶界裂纹的倾向和夹杂物的含量有关．     

湿热耦合环境下碳纤维布加固混凝土界面耐久性能

为研究碳纤维补强聚合物加固混凝土结构在湿热环境下的耐久性能,通过对不同湿热耦合作用下36个CFRP-混凝土试件进行试验研究,分别进行5 d、10 d、15 d的加速湿热老化,并对其进行双剪试验,分析了不同温度、湿度的耦合作用下CFRP-混凝土界面的破坏形态、极限承载力、应变分布及相对位移等力学参数,进而分析湿热耦合环境对界面力学性能及黏结耐久性能的影响。结果表明:湿热老化作用后,CFRP-混凝土界面的界面力学性能有所退化;高温高湿耦合作用对界面的力学性能影响较大,15 d湿热腐蚀后,极限荷载、极限位移、CFRP应变较室温组试件分别下降26. 11%、25. 77%、40. 33%;湿热腐蚀介质渗入黏结界面,引起应变传递及位移发展更为迅速,对加固结构耐久性造成了损伤。     

自然气候老化对木塑复合材料蠕变性能的影响

研究了户外自然气候条件对木塑复合材料抗弯性能和弯曲蠕变性能的影响,并采用力学模型拟合其弯曲蠕变性能.结果表明:放置屋顶阳台上曝晒2～6个月后,材料的抗弯性能和抗蠕变能力下降,抗弯强度下降10.09%～20.27%;2个月后,材料产生的应变为室温时的1.4～1.9倍;4个月后,材料产生的应变开始减小,但仍为室温时的1.1...