Quantum teleportation over 143 kilometres using active feed-forward

The quantum internet is predicted to be the next-generation information processing platform, promising secure communication and an exponential speed-up in distributed computation. The distribution of single qubits over large distances via quantum teleportation is a key ingredient for realizing such a global platform. By using quantum teleportation, unknown quantum states can be transferred over arbitrary distances to a party whose location is unknown. Since the first experimental demonstrations of quantum teleportation of independent external qubits, an internal qubit and squeezed states, researchers have progressively extended the communication distance. Usually this occurs without active feed-forward of the classical Bell-state measurement result, which is an essential ingredient in future applications such as communication between quantum computers. The benchmark for a global quantum internet is quantum teleportation of independent qubits over a free-space link whose attenuation corresponds to the path between a satellite and a ground station. Here we report such an experiment, using active feed-forward in real time. The experiment uses two free-space optical links, quantum and classical, over 143?kilometres between the two Canary Islands of La Palma and Tenerife. To achieve this, we combine advanced techniques involving a frequency-uncorrelated polarization-entangled photon pair source, ultra-low-noise single-photon detectors and entanglement-assisted clock synchronization. The average teleported state fidelity is well beyond the classical limit of two-thirds. Furthermore, we confirm the quality of the quantum teleportation procedure without feed-forward by complete quantum process tomography. Our experiment verifies the maturity and applicability of such technologies in real-world scenarios, in particular for future satellite-based quantum teleportation.     

基于七粒子最大纠缠态的未知三粒子的两种隐形传态方案

本文利用七粒子最大纠缠态实现了任意三粒子态的一般隐形传态和控制隐形传态.在一般隐形传态过程中,发送者对自己所拥有的粒子执行正交完备基测量,然后将测量结果告诉接收者,接收者对他的粒子执行相应的幺正变换就可以恢复出初始态.在控制隐形传态过程中,发送者对需传送的三粒子与自己手中的粒子分别进行适当的Bell基测量,控制方对手中的粒子进行单比特测量,然后他们将测量结果告诉接收者,接收者对自己拥有的三粒子进行相应的幺正操作就可以恢复出初始态.     

Quantum teleportation and entanglement distribution over 100-kilometre free-space channels

Transferring an unknown quantum state over arbitrary distances is essential for large-scale quantum communication and distributed quantum networks. It can be achieved with the help of long-distance quantum teleportation and entanglement distribution. The latter is also important for fundamental tests of the laws of quantum mechanics. Although quantum teleportation and entanglement distribution over moderate distances have been realized using optical fibre links, the huge photon loss and decoherence in fibres necessitate the use of quantum repeaters for larger distances. However, the practical realization of quantum repeaters remains experimentally challenging. Free-space channels, first used for quantum key distribution, offer a more promising approach because photon loss and decoherence are almost negligible in the atmosphere. Furthermore, by using satellites, ultra-long-distance quantum communication and tests of quantum foundations could be achieved on a global scale. Previous experiments have achieved free-space distribution of entangled photon pairs over distances of 600?metres (ref. 14) and 13?kilometres (ref. 15), and transfer of triggered single photons over a 144-kilometre one-link free-space channel. Most recently, following a modified scheme, free-space quantum teleportation over 16?kilometres was demonstrated with a single pair of entangled photons. Here we report quantum teleportation of independent qubits over a 97-kilometre one-link free-space channel with multi-photon entanglement. An average fidelity of 80.4?±?0.9 per cent is achieved for six distinct states. Furthermore, we demonstrate entanglement distribution over a two-link channel, in which the entangled photons are separated by 101.8?kilometres. Violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality is observed without the locality loophole. Besides being of fundamental interest, our results represent an important step towards a global quantum network. Moreover, the high-frequency and high-accuracy acquiring, pointing and tracking technique developed in our experiment can be directly used for future satellite-based quantum communication and large-scale tests of quantum foundations.     

Quantum state transformation and general design scheme on teleportation protocols

We present a scheme for probabilistic transformation of special quantum states assisted by auxiliary qubits.In our scheme,if quantum states can be rewritten in a particular form,it is possible to transform such states into other states using lowerdimensional unitary operations that can be more easily realized in physical experiments.Furthermore,as an important application,we propose a generalized scheme that helps construct faithful quantum channels via various probabilistic channels when considering the existence of nonmaximally-entangled states.     

二能级多粒子任意纠缠态的超空间传送

在二能级单粒子未知量子态的超空间传送方案和有控制者参与的受控二能级单粒子量子态超空间传送方案的基础上,分析了一般情况和受控情况下二能级二粒子量子态的超空间传送,并给出了详细的计算结果.同时简要讨论了这2种情况下任意数目的二能级系统的任意未知量子态的超空间传输问题.     

量子测量与量子力学的基本问题

阐述量子测量的本质，测量对微观粒子的影响，以及测量假说在量子力学中的地位；最子退相干是量子测量引起量子纠缠的必然结果，是路径实验干涉条纹消失的主因。     

量子隐形传态的研究进展

量子隐形传态是量子信息理论的重要组成部分,也是量子计算的基础.文章中简单介绍了量子隐形传态的基本原理、理论和实验方案以及现阶段研究的最新进展,并且提出了进一步研究所需要解决的重要课题.     

Quantum control of energy flow in light harvesting

Coherent light sources have been widely used in control schemes that exploit quantum interference effects to direct the outcome of photochemical processes. The adaptive shaping of laser pulses is a particularly powerful tool in this context: experimental output as feedback in an iterative learning loop refines the applied laser field to render it best suited to constraints set by the experimenter. This approach has been experimentally implemented to control a variety of processes, but the extent to which coherent excitation can also be used to direct the dynamics of complex molecular systems in a condensed-phase environment remains unclear. Here we report feedback-optimized coherent control over the energy-flow pathways in the light-harvesting antenna complex LH2 from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila, a photosynthetic purple bacterium. We show that phases imprinted by the light field mediate the branching ratio of energy transfer between intra- and intermolecular channels in the complex's donor acceptor system. This result illustrates that molecular complexity need not prevent coherent control, which can thus be extended to probe and affect biological functions.     

量子纠缠与超光速量子通信

量子通信是经典通信和量子力学相结合的一门新兴交叉学科.在介绍量子纠缠特性的基础上,对量子隐形传态进行了探讨,提出了超光速量子通信的途径.