二醋酯纤维的结构特性

采用DSC、X-射线衍射和密度梯度管等技术研究了二醋酯纤维的结晶、取向等结构特性，初步探讨了不同纺丝工艺对纤维结构特性的影响，发现：二醋酯纤维存在两种晶型结构，结晶度和取向度都较低；以相同二醋片为原料时，纺丝工艺对纤维的结构特性有影响但不明显，而烟用纺丝工艺和纺织用纺丝工艺之间的差别对纤维结构特性的影响则相对较大。     

粘胶纤维碳化过程的形态学结构

使用光学和电子显微镜技术研究了纤维在氧化和碳化过程中的形态学结构.结果得出粘胶纤维的直径分布离散率和横截面圆形率显著地影响最终获得之碳纤维的力学性质.研究发现粘胶纤维内部存在大量微孔,表面则有稠密的沟槽,它们在氧化和碳化过程中得以部分地保留.皮芯结构是粘胶纤维形态学结构的另一重要情景.     

纺速对二硼化锆陶瓷前驱体纤维结构和力学性能的影响

利用八水合氧氯化锆、硼酸、柠檬酸、蔗糖为无机原料,聚乙烯醇为纺丝助剂,通过混合制备出二硼化锆(ZrB2)陶瓷前驱体纤维纺丝液,利用干法纺丝法分别在不同纺速下得到ZrB2前驱体纤维.通过傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)分析ZrB2前驱体纤维的结构,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)和纤维拉伸强度的测试结果来表征纺速对ZrB2前驱体纤维的影响.结果表明:所得到的纤维均致密且较光滑,且前驱体纤维结构随纺速提升而变得稳定;取向度随着纺速的提升而增加,直径随着纺速的提升而下降;强度随纺速的提高而增加,当纺速为350m/min时,前驱体纤维强度可达0.89GPa.     

镀银导电纤维的制备和性能

对短切聚酯纤维进行化学镀银,制备了用于导电高分子材料的导电填料,探讨了氨水浓度、装载量及稳定剂对纤维化学镀银的影响。实验表明,φ=0.10的氨水有利于化学镀银;通过调整装载量,可提高纤维的增重量率和硝酸银的利用率;稳定剂的加入可阻止镀液自分解,但对包覆层的均匀性和致密性有影响。电性能测试表明,镀银纤维的体积电阻率可达3.35×1-0 3Ω.cm,以其作为导电橡胶填料,当含量为w=0.40时,其电阻率为1.54×1-0 1Ω.cm。     

Studies on the Crystallization Properties and Morphology Structure of the Cationic Dyeable Polypropylene Fibers

The crystallization properties and morphology structure of the cationic dyeable polypropylene fibers which were produced by the blending spinning method were studied by making use of X-ray and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It comes to the conclusions that the larger the crystallite size in the fibers is , the better the dycable properties of the fibers are and there is a little compatibility between the dyeable agent and polypropylene resin. And the dye-uptake of the fibers may be up to 90% because the dyeable agent can uniformly be scattered in polypropylene.     

聚乙二醇(PEG)共聚单体对PET共聚酯结构性能的影响

基于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的合成路线,通过原位添加间苯二甲酸乙二酯-5-磺酸钠(SIPE)、聚乙二醇(PEG)第三、四反应组分,并改变PEG分析的添加量,制备出系列PET共聚酯.通过核磁共振(NMR)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、热失重分析(TGA)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)及接触角测试分别对PET共聚酯的结构性能进行了试验研究.结果表明:PET共聚酯样品的化学结构与理论结构吻合较好;共聚酯的玻璃化转变温度、冷结晶温度和熔点及热稳定性均随PEG含量的增加逐步降低;各样品的晶体结构与纯PET基本相同,均为三斜晶型结构;PET共聚酯样品的亲水性能较纯PET有明显提高.     

海岛纤维结构形态与染色性能的研究

通过色差仪、DSC、结晶速度测量、显微图像分析以及动态机械热分析研究了四种海岛纤维的结晶度、结晶速度、晶粒大小、玻璃化温度与染色性能的关系.结果表明:结晶度小,结晶速度慢,晶粒尺寸大,玻璃化温度低等等均有利于纤维染色性能的提高.     

纺丝工艺及后处理对羟乙基纤维素纤维结构及拉伸性能的影响

以棉短绒浆粕为原料,在不同的纺丝条件下制备了羟乙基纤维素(HEC)纤维,并对所制备纤维的结构及拉伸性能进行了分析.结果表明:当喷头拉伸率从-55.7%增加到-25.3%时,纤维的干态断裂强度呈先上升后下降的趋势,说明喷头拉伸率不宜太高,否则不利于纤维干态断裂强度和塑化拉伸比的提高;当喷头拉伸率固定时,随着塑化拉伸比的提高,纤维的干态断裂强度显著增加,可达2.2cN/dtex.傅里叶变换红外测试结果表明,戊二醛与HEC纤维发生了交联反应,交联后纤维的湿态断裂强度明显提高,其湿态断裂强度从原来的0.57cN/dtex提高到1.10cN/dtex.     

抗菌Lyocell纤维的研制

选择了4种抗菌剂，采用共混纺丝的方法制备了抗菌Lyocell纤维，并探讨了它们的抗菌性能和物理机械性能。     

热处理对桑蚕丝纤维结构与性能的影响

文章以普通桑蚕丝纤维和经壳聚糖处理的桑蚕丝纤维为研究对象,对其进行热处理,研究热作用对其结构与性能的影响.研究结果表明,两种真丝纤维经热处理后均产生失重与泛黄现象,且壳聚糖处理真丝纤维较普通桑蚕丝更明显.热处理后,普通桑蚕丝纤维结晶度提高,壳聚糖处理真丝纤维结晶度下降,同时其纤维表面出现皱缩条纹.经壳聚糖处理的真丝纤维更易老化.     

用于制造碳纤维的石油沥青纺丝工艺的研究

本文研究了用于制造碳纤维的石油沥青的纺丝工艺,包括纺丝温度,压力,速度及沥青的结构和性质对纺丝性能的影响。探讨了纺丝熔体的流变学特性。找出了用控制熔体粘度在10Pa·s泊左右来选择纺丝最佳温度的方法,及用增加纺丝压力来提高可纺性的可能性。     

活性炭纤维微孔结构的t图法分析

介绍了用ｔ图法分析活性炭纤维的微孔结构和用ｔ图法作标准的高精度氮气等湿吸附同线,由ｔ图法能测定活性炭纤维的微孔面积、微孔容量、微孔径和总表面积。     

使用环境对硅酸铝纤维性能的影响

分析了现代陶瓷工业窑炉中的使用环境对陶瓷纤维性能的影响,说明尽管陶瓷纤维有着非常好的保性能,但也要注意使用中存在的一些问题,对陶瓷纤维应用中的注意事项提出了新的见解,为推广陶瓷纤维的应用提供了借鉴。     

高吸湿纤维的新进展

近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高,对于服装或服装面料舒适性的要求越来越高,服装穿着的舒适性与材料的吸放湿特性密切相关.因此,国内外对于吸水、吸汗性纤维的研究与开发愈来愈重视.主要介绍了高吸湿纤维的种类、特点.     

Study on the Process Technology of PA6/PET Bicomponent Fiber

PA6/PET bicomponent fiber at different spinning speeds were produced. Influences of cross blowing, spinning speed, PA6 and PET component ratio, drawing condition etc. on the mechanical properties, heat shrinkage, orientation and crystallization of the fiber were investigated. Also the rules among these influencing parameters were obtained. The splitting property of the fiber and its influence on the textile processing are discussed, which offers a base for the production of PA6/ PET bicomponent fiber using splitting technology.     

热处理对二醋酯纤维拉伸性能的影响

采用干热和湿热两种条件处理二醋酯长丝（松弛和张紧状态）,分析处理温度、负荷和时间对纤维拉伸性能的影响.结果显示,经松弛干热处理后,二醋酯纤维的拉伸性能改善不明显;张紧干热处理中,纤维拉伸性能的改善主要取决于处理温度和负荷;松弛湿热处理后再经张紧干热处理,纤维的拉伸性能改善程度较相同条件下的单一张紧干热处理大.     

PBT/PET复合纤维的结构特征与热收缩率表征

利用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜观察分析了PBT/PET复合纤维的截面与双边分布特征,并由此表征了PBT和PET的内外侧分布与卷曲形态.采用DSC热分析技术测量了该复合纤维的结晶度,并根据热湿收缩试验讨论了其与纤维热收缩的关系.     

Influence of Thermal Treatment on the Structure and Thermal Properties of Kaolin Modified Polyester Fibers

Modified polyester fibers were obtained using 2% and 6% of kaolin blends through melt spinning.The influences of two thermal treatments maintaining the original tension(180 ℃×2 min and 200 ℃×1 min)on the structure and properties of fiber were compared.The changes of grain size and crystallinity of fiber were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The changes of thermal properties of fibers were analyzed using dynamic mechanical analyzer(DMA).The results show that the crystalline structure of kaolin modified polyester fiber doesn't change with the thermal treatment.With the kaolin content increasing,the grain size of fiber changed.The higher the thermal treatment temperature is,the higher the crystallinity of fiber is.There are two glass-transition temperatures for kaolin modified:the lower one is the glass-transition temperature of polyester fiber matrix,and the higher one is derived from the heterogeneous blend of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.The higher the kaolin content is,the higher the glass-transition temperature is.Thermal treatment could increase the compatibility of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.There was only one glass-transition temperature for the thermal treatment fiber,and the heat resistance of fiber was improved.Thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry(TGA-DSC)results of kaolin modified polyethylene terephthalate(PET)matrix indicate that the decomposition temperature of PET fibers,kaolin modified PET fibers,and thermal treated fibers were little different within 40%-60% of weight loss rate range.     

牛角瓜、木棉和棉纤维的成分、结构和性能分析

牛角瓜、木棉和棉纤维均属于天然纤维素纤维.研究了牛角瓜纤维的物理性能参数、形态结构、微结构以及主要化学成分质量分数,并与木棉和棉纤维进行比较.结果表明,牛角瓜纤维断裂强度为4.45cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为3.40%,回潮率为11.90%;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对牛角瓜纤维的形态结构进行测试,发现横截面的中空度为80%～90%,纵向表面光滑,无天然扭曲;采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)测得纤维的结晶度为42.54%,晶区取向指数为85.40%;采用热分析仪测得初始降解温度为301.1℃;采用傅里叶变换红外-拉曼光谱仪(FTIR-Raman)测得纤维有木质素和纤维素的红外特征峰;利用化学方法测得纤维中木质素质量分数为8%～9%,纤维素约为64%,半纤维素约为20%,蜡质为2%～3%,果胶约为3%,灰分为1.2%～1.8%.     

Study on the Structure and Properties of Polynosic Fiber Treated by Alkali

The regenerated cellulose fibers, made from wood pulp, have excellent physical properties like cotton fiber. Especially polynosic fibers can be mercerized by alkali, but conventional Viscose fiber can not be treated or mercerized by alkali. The paper studies on behavior of polynosic fibers treated by alkali, including physical properties, such as weight loss, tensile strength and elongation, and fiber structures properties. In this paper, on the basis of study on polynosic fibers treated by alkali, the conclusions were drawn as following. Firstly, polynosic fiber is good at alkali resistance. Secondly, the changes of fiber structure and physical properties begin declining at 5 wt% NaOH concentration and reverse changes take place at 10 wt%.