福建福安的淡水水母

本文记述了福建淡水水母一新亚种——福安桃花水母Craspedacusta sowerbyi fuanensis subsp. nov. 文章还将福安标本与各地标本作了比较,并提出讨论。     

厦门港常见管水母,钵水母的刺胞

鉴定、描述了厦门港2种管水母和4种钵水母的刺胞。其中,灯水母的基刺等丝刺胞,霞水母的中刺等丝刺胞是钵水母刺胞的新记录。文中还比较了各类管水母的刺胞,并建议对钵水母的刺胞采用与其它腔肠动物一样的分类原则和术语。     

陕西地区桃花水母的发现及描述

通过对陕西地区发现的桃花水母进行形态学特征的初步探讨,得到的形态学特征为:生殖腺呈扁囊状,淡黄绿色;触手分为3级,主触手比其他两级长;平衡囊管型,数量在132～184之间;刺丝囊疣为乳突状,各环状疣间有明显间隔,似分节状,这些特征与已报道的有差异;并对得到的可量化数据进行了统计分析,结果显示伞径与触手及伞径与缘膜的关系均呈显著正相关性,伞径与平衡囊相关性不大.     

中国的钵水母

记录了中国海域的十字水母、立方水母、冠水母、旗口水母和根口水母35种,隶属于是16科23属,其中东海及南海的种类多于黄渤海.     

台湾海峡单肢水母属二新种(丝螅水母目,高手水母科)

记述了采自台湾海峡的花水母亚纲(Anthomedusae Haeckel,1879),丝螅水母目(Filifera Kühn,1913),高手水母科(Bougainvillidae Lütken,1850),单肢水母属(Nubiella Bouillon,1980)二新种,即粗管单肢水母,新种(N.crassocanalis sp.nov.)和母芽单肢水母,新种(N.medusifera sp,nov.).其鉴别特征如下:1)粗管单肢水母,新种,伞钟形,无顶突,外伞上有分散的刺细胞;垂管短,无胃柄和口管;4个大的生殖腺,间辐位;口简单环状,从口缘上部伸出8条不分枝的口触手;4条辐管粗,边缘不规则;4个缘触手基部近梨形,每个基球背轴有1个内胚层棕红色致密块,并向辐管有1短的突起,4条具有环状刺胞的单生触手;外伞主辐位伞缘有4个囊状刺胞囊,有短管和触手基球连接;2)母芽单肢水母,新种,伞钟形,无顶突;无胃柄,垂管发达;生殖腺环绕在垂管上,在垂管上方有许多水母芽;口管宽大,口环状,在口缘上方有10条不分枝的口触手;4条较细辐管;4条主辐位缘触手,触手基球长锥形,4个外伞刺胞囊,直接和触手基球相连.     

Genome survey uncovers the secrets of sex and lifestyle in caterpillar fungus

The caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (best known as Cordyceps sinensis) mummifies ghost moth larvae exclusively in Tibetan Plateau alpine ecosystems. Touted as "Himalayan Viagra", the fungus is highly prized due to its medical benefits and dwindling supplies. Attempts to culture the sexual fruiting-body have failed and the huge market demand has led to severe devastation of local ecosystems and to the fungus heading towards extinction. By genome sequencing, we establish that unlike related insect pathogens O. sinensis contains two compatible mating-type genes in its genome and is self-fertile, i.e. homothallic. However, sexual processes are only initiated under native environmental conditions. O. sinensis resembles biotrophic plant pathogens in having a genome shaped by retrotransposon-driven expansions. The resulting changes in gene content suggest that O. sinensis has a biphasic pathogenic mechanism beginning with stealth pathogenesis in early host instars. O. sinensis is the first psychrophilic fungus sequenced and is adapted to extreme cold with putative antifreeze proteins and mechanisms for increasing lipid accumulation and fatty acid unsaturation. We hypothesize that for the inbreeding O. sinensis the massive proliferation of retrotransposons provides a tradeoff between the advantages of increased genetic variation independent of sexual recombination and deletion of genes dispensable for its specialized pathogenic lifestyle.     

云南晋宁梅树村剖面古蠕虫再研究

对云南晋宁梅树村剖面下寒武统黑林铺组(原筇竹寺组)玉案山段的蠕形动物化石Sabellidites yunnanensis Luo et Zhang,S.badaowanensis Luo et Zhang的模式标本进行重新研究,通过虫体躯干表皮骨板的排列方式与产于同一剖面相同层位的古蠕虫Mafangscolex sinensis Hu 2005以及Palaeoscolex sinensis Hou et Sun躯干体环上骨板排列方式进行对比,认为前3个种躯干表面骨板的排列方式完全相同,即每一体环均有5横排骨板,但与中华古蠕虫(Palaeoscolex sinensis)每一体环只有4横排大骨板的特征不相吻合。建议采用Mafangscolex yunnanensis作为前3者的属种名称,并以最早发表的Sabellidites yunnanensis Luo et Zhang作为该属的模式种。     

“阿凡达水母”在空中飞游

很多人都有过这样的经历，下班或放学回家，脱去外套，急于去洗手，可刚触摸到水龙头，就听到“啪”的一声，一阵刺痛感把手“推”了回来；晚上脱衣服睡觉时，黑暗中常听到“噼啪”的声响，而且伴有蓝光；与人相见常要礼节性地握握手，手指刚一接触到对方，会突然感到指尖针扎般刺痛，手会不由自主地往回缩，不免闹点小小尴尬。     

福建沿海兰卡水母亚纲和花水母亚纲新属新种新记录记述（刺胞动物门、水螅水母纲）

报道福建沿海兰卡水母亚纲-新属新种金德祥水母Jindeziangus statoc ystus，花水母亚纲-新属新种拟介螅水母Parahydractinia sanshaensis和12个新种：网状高手水母Bougainvillia reticulata、东山介螅水母Hydractinia dongshaensis、多手介螅水母H．polytentaculata、泡状介螅水母H．vacuolata、基球深眼水母Bythocellata bulbiformis、挺隔膜水母Leuckartiara zgangraotingae、大胃拟棍螅水母Hydrocoryne macrogastra、鼓浪枝萨水母Cladomrsia gulangensis、福建真囊水母Euphysora fujianensis、泡状笔螅水母Pennaria blistera、无手外肋水母Ectopleura atentaculala和顶室斜球水母Hybocodon a piciloculata等；此外，有4种水母是我国首次记录：八柱棱水母Lizzia octostyla（Haeckee，1879）、囊海洋水母Oceania armata Kolliker，1810、帕尔摩勒水母Moerisia pallasi（Derzhavin．1912）和长手萨氏水母Sarsia japonica（Nagao，1962）等；对新属、新种、新记录种类的形态特征均进行详细描述，为今后的海洋调查及编写水螅水母动物志提供参考．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the