桦褐孔菌X射线衍射Fourier图谱的鉴定

为了建立一种能够反映桦褐孔菌全部化学组分的X衍射鉴别方法,应用粉末X衍射分析法,通过对4个不同产地桦褐孔菌样品的分析计算,得到了可用于鉴别桦褐孔菌的X-衍射Fourier图谱(几何拓扑图形与特征标记峰值),得出了X衍射Fourier图谱可用于鉴定和识别不同产地桦褐孔菌的结论.     

中药材女贞子X射线衍射Fourier图谱鉴定

目的：建立中药材女贞子的鉴定分析新方法．方法：采用了粉末X射线衍射Fourier图谱鉴定法．对1个女贞子药材对照品和5个女贞子中药材进行了实验、分析．结果：获得了女贞子的标准X射线衍射Fourier图谱及特征标记峰值．结论：X射线衍射Fourier谱鉴定法可用于中药材女贞于的鉴定．     

超声波辅助提取桦褐孔菌多糖的工艺研究

研究通过超声波振荡处理对桦褐孔菌多糖的提取工艺的优化。超声波振荡处理后,采用水提醇沉法提取桦褐孔菌粗多糖,并利用苯酚-硫酸显色法,以葡萄糖为标准液,测定桦褐孔菌粗多糖中多糖的提取率。通过单因素分析法考察超声时间、水提温度、料液比对桦褐孔菌多糖提取率的影响,以及应用正交实验法来获得超声辅助提取桦褐孔菌多糖的最佳工艺参数。桦褐孔菌多糖超声提取的最佳工艺条件为超声时间20 min,料液比1∶50,提取温度60℃。在最佳工艺条件下实验所得多糖的提取率为5.03%。与传统的水浴浸提法相比,超声波辅助提取法不仅能缩短提取时间,而且提高了桦褐孔菌多糖的提取率。     

桦褐孔菌多糖对环磷酰胺中毒小鼠体内抗氧化活性的影响

目的 探讨桦褐孔菌多糖(IOP)对环磷酰胺中毒小鼠体内抗氧化活性的影响.方法 采用水提醇沉法制备桦褐孔菌多糖,制备环磷酰胺致小鼠肝损伤模型,并给予不同剂量桦褐孔菌多糖,检测各组小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST);光镜和电镜下观察肝脏组织病理学改变;检测肝组织的丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量.结果 桦褐孔菌多糖各剂量组能显著降低肝损伤小鼠ALT、AST、MDA水平(P<0.05),增加肝组织中SOD水平(P<0.05).形态学结果显示:桦褐孔菌多糖能有效改善环磷酰胺所致的肝脏病理损伤程度.结论 桦褐孔菌多糖对环磷酰胺致小鼠肝损伤具有较好的保护作用,其保护机制可能与抗脂质过氧化损伤有关.     

西藏胡黄连X射线衍射Fourier图谱鉴定

目的：建立中药材胡黄加的鉴定分析新方法．方法；采用粉末X射线衍射Fourier谱鉴定法．应用粉米X射线衍射Fourier谱鉴定法对1个西藏胡黄连药材对照品和4个西藏胡黄连中药材进行了分析鉴定．结果：获得了西藏胡黄连的标准X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱及特征标记峰值．结论表明：粉末X射线衍射Fourier谱鉴定法可用于中药材胡黄连的鉴定．     

原子吸收光谱法测定桦褐孔菌中7种金属元素的总质量比及形态分析

利用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定桦褐孔菌中的Mn,Ca,Zn,Fe元素, 石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定桦褐孔菌中的Pb,Cu,Cr元素. 用微波消解法获得桦褐孔菌的金属元素总质量比, 超声水提取法获得水溶态金属元素的初级形态, 最后用Tessier逐级提取法对获取的5种形态金属元素进行次级形态分析. 结果表明： 7种金属元素回归方程的线性良好, 相关系数大于0.99, 检出限为0.007～2.989 ng/mL; 桦褐孔菌中Cu主要以碳酸盐结合态和残渣态的形式存在, Ca,Mn,Zn,Fe主要以离子交换态和残渣态的形式存在, Cr主要以残渣态的形式存在, Pb主要以碳酸盐结合态的形式存在.     

中药材粉末X衍射Fourier图谱数据库

根据粉末X衍射分析方法鉴定中药材的原理，建立了具有浏览、编辑、衍射数据检索和衍射图谱的自动识别等功能的“中药材粉末X衍射Fourier图谱数据库”，特别是在衍射图谱的自动识别上，实现了未知衍射图谱的图形识别和图谱之间的叠合，具有一定的应用价值。     

桦褐孔菌深层发酵培养条件的优化

目的优化桦褐孔菌深层发酵条件。方法采用L9(34)正交试验法对培养基进行优化。结果桑黄菌体发酵的最优方案是8%葡萄糖,1.60%酵母粉,0.3%KH2PO4,0.15%MgSO4,VB110mg/100mL,pH6.0,接种量为10%,装液量为100mL/300mL三角瓶,150r/min,恒温培养7天,生物量可达1.350g干菌丝每100mL发酵液。结论桦褐孔菌可以用深层液体发酵培养获得菌丝体,桦褐孔菌具有限氧生长的生物学特性。     

桦褐孔菌三萜类化合物的研究

采用硅胶柱色谱及HPLC等分离方法对桦褐孔菌正己烷提取物进行分离纯化,得到7个三萜类化合物。依据波谱数据分析鉴定它们的结构分别为:白桦脂酸(1),白桦醇(2),羽扇豆醇(3),8,24-羊毛甾二烯-3β,21β-二醇(4),3β-羟基-羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-21-醛(5),8,23(E)-二烯羊毛甾-3β,22(R),25-三醇(6),桦褐孔菌醇D(7)。其中化合物7为首次从野生桦褐孔菌中分离得到。     

桦褐孔菌降糖活性成分及治疗糖尿病机制研究进展

桦褐孔菌(Inonotus obiquus)活性成分可降低血糖可降低治疗糖尿病,本综述对其主要的有效活性成分多糖、黄酮、多酚和三萜,以及降糖机制进行总结,以期为开发新型、无毒副作用的降糖药物提供新的思路.     

机械合金化Fe100-xCux体系的结构

利用XAFS和XRD方法分别研究了机械合金化80 h制备的Fe_100-xCu_x 系统的晶体结构及Fe和Cu原子的局域配位环境.结果表明,当x＞40时,样品中Fe原子的bcc结构消失,Cu原子的近邻结构基本不变,fcc晶格参数随x的增加而减小;当x＜30时, Cu原子的fcc结构消失, Fe原子的近邻结构基本不变,bcc晶格参数随Cu原子的比例减小而增大;而x=30左右时,fcc和bcc结构共存.研究结果还表明, Fe原子和Cu原子的比例不是相差很大时,Fe原子和Cu原子的近邻配位无序度会在很大的范围内变化,说明Fe-Cu二元体系不可能形成均匀的过饱和固溶体,存在Cu富集区和Fe富集区,是由多种物态组成的混合物.     

鸡西煤化学结构的演化

采用Ｘ射线衍射、红外光谱等手段对鸡西煤不同煤化作用阶段煤结构演化进行了研究．Ｘ射线衍射分析显示，随着煤化程度增加，反映芳香核大小的Ｌｃ和Ｌａ都逐渐增加，而芳香层间距ｄ００２逐渐减小；红外光谱分析显示，不同变质程度煤中都含有芳烃，随着煤化程度加深，芳香核的缩合程度增加，醇、酚、羟基等侧链基团的吸收峰逐渐减弱．     

莱州湾东岸三山岛地区表层土壤矿物分析及其意义

为深入了解莱州湾东岸三山岛地区的表层地质特征,本次研究使用X射线衍射、近红外光谱技术和土壤含盐量测试方法,对研究区表层土壤进行矿物成分及其特征识别,综合分析发现：研究区表层土壤主要由白云母、方解石、石英、硅灰石、伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石、菱镁矿、磷灰石等9种矿物组成,根据近红外光谱特征峰分析,土壤样品中白云母Al-OH的吸收峰集中在2 206 nm附近,位于2 200~2 210 nm区间,表明其为形成于较低温度的富Al、K白云母;样品中绿泥石Fe-OH的吸收峰集中在2 245 nm处,位于2 240~2 250 nm区间,并结合X射线衍射分析结果可以确定其为富镁绿泥石,符合绿泥石在表生环境中的地球化学特征。土壤含盐量平均值为1.195 g·kg-1,属轻度盐渍化。结果表明,一方面有效地识别了研究区土壤矿物成分及组合,为未来找矿相关研究提供土壤矿物成分背景信息,另一方面,土壤矿物成分及组合与研究区地质背景和地表气候环境条件密切相关,土壤含盐量测试结果提示研究区可能存在一定的土壤盐渍化风险。使用X射线衍射和近红外光谱技术及土壤含盐量测试进行综合分析,具有快速简单、经济环保、精确可靠等优势,为土壤矿物研究提供了一种科学的技术手段和方法。     

高温氧化物超导体晶体结构研究

本文详细介绍了通过X射线衍射来研究超导体晶体的原理与方法,较为精确地计算了Bi系超导材料中80K和110K相的点阵参数及其晶体衍射峰的晶面间距和强度。理论计算与实验结果能很好符合,验证了Tarascon给出的晶体模型的正确性。     

Two different illites in Luochuan loess,Northern Shaanxi Province

Illite is the dominant clay mineral in loess and pa-leosol of China accounting for over 50% in content. Ac-cording to the latest mica group nomenclature issued bythe International Mineral Association (IMA), illite is de-fined as a dioctohedron-textured mi…     

Three-dimensional mapping of a deformation field inside a nanocrystal

Coherent X-ray diffraction imaging is a rapidly advancing form of microscopy: diffraction patterns, measured using the latest third-generation synchrotron radiation sources, can be inverted to obtain full three-dimensional images of the interior density within nanocrystals. Diffraction from an ideal crystal lattice results in an identical copy of this continuous diffraction pattern at every Bragg peak. This symmetry is broken by the presence of strain fields, which arise from the epitaxial contact forces that are inevitable whenever nanocrystals are prepared on a substrate. When strain is present, the diffraction copies at different Bragg peaks are no longer identical and contain additional information, appearing as broken local inversion symmetry about each Bragg point. Here we show that one such pattern can nevertheless be inverted to obtain a 'complex' crystal density, whose phase encodes a projection of the lattice deformation. A lead nanocrystal was crystallized in ultrahigh vacuum from a droplet on a silica substrate and equilibrated close to its melting point. A three-dimensional image of the density, obtained by inversion of the coherent X-ray diffraction, shows the expected facetted morphology, but in addition reveals a real-space phase that is consistent with the three-dimensional evolution of a deformation field arising from interfacial contact forces. Quantitative three-dimensional imaging of lattice strain on the nanometre scale will have profound consequences for our fundamental understanding of grain interactions and defects in crystalline materials. Our method of measuring and inverting diffraction patterns from nanocrystals represents a vital step towards the ultimate goal of atomic resolution single-molecule imaging that is a prominent justification for development of X-ray free-electron lasers.     

Interpretation of the tenfold symmetry in electron-diffraction pattern

The electron-diffraction pattern (EDP) of the Al-Co-Cu decagonal phase is scanned with high accu racy and processed via the recognizing operator. The calculated center position of the diffraction spots of the processed EDP can be interpreted via the integral lattice points in an oblique coordinate system with different unit lengths. A peri odic tiling presented in this paper can generate the diffraction pattern, in which the positions of the diffraction spots are exactly located at the same integral lattice points. Consequently, the EDP of the Al-Co-Cu decagonal phase may be pro duced by a periodic structure.     

Interpretation of the tenfold symmetry in electron-diffraction pattern

The electron-diffraction pattern (EDP) of the Al-Co-Cu decagonal phase is scanned with high accu racy and processed via the recognizing operator. The calculated center position of the diffraction spots of the processed EDP can be interpreted via the integral lattice points in an oblique coordinate system with different unit lengths. A peri odic tiling presented in this paper can generate the diffraction pattern, in which the positions of the diffraction spots are exactly located at the same integral lattice points. Consequently, the EDP of the Al-Co-Cu decagonal phase may be pro duced by a periodic structure.