Turbidite and bottom-current evolution revealed by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of redox sediments in the Ulleung Basin,Sea of Japan

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility(AMS) from above and below 7.31 m in a core from the southern Ulleung Basin shows clear differences on an equal area projection of the lower hemisphere.Rather concentrated steep inclination of K 3 and horizontal inclination of K 1 and K 2(K1 ≥K2 ≥K3) are located within the upper part,and the latter two axes lie perpendicular to each other near the bedding plane.In contrast,random distribution of the three axes and extremely high value of shape parameters(Q=(K1-K2)/[(K1+K2)/2-K3]) are evident in the lower part,indicating complete destruction of the original sedimentary structure.This result is consistent with data from X-radiographs,which show numerous conglomerates,distortions and cleavages in the lower part.According to age models by Liu et al.(2010) and Zou et al.(2010),the bottom age at 7.31 m is 48 cal ka BP,and the time domain is discussed below.The degree of AMS(P) is low,1-1.08,and linearly related to the foliation(F)(R2 =0.95,N=176).The relationship between F and linearity(L) implies oblate aligning patterns that are typically sedimentary in origin.At least five redox couplets were found with the aid of S ratios and other rock magnetic parameters,and in most cases,the original signals of climate survived early diagenesis.The paleomagnetically reoriented AMS show corresponding changes with millennial events in the last 48 cal ka.Clearly tilted K 3 directions and reduction of P and F occurred within DO1-BA warm events,when melt water pulse 1A nd the YD cold event took place.The turbulent conditions therein,synchronous with coarsening of sediments,provide evidence of strong bottom currents and possible directional changes,as evidenced by different K3 tilting directions.A NE current direction in the last 4.5 cal ka is consistent with in situ measurements of bottom currents.Responses of AMS,mainly to climatic modulation,show on the one hand,the limited influence of diagenesis on rock magnetic signals and,on the other hand,the dramatic change of hydrodynamic conditions and terrigenous inputs during rapid sea level rise during the last deglaciation.     

Analysis of magnetic mechanisms of 3d-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductors by an abnormal peak on M-T curve

The crystallographic structures and magnetic properties of a Zn0.95Co0.05O thin film deposited on a C-sapphire substrate using a dual-beam pulsed laser deposition method were characterized. It was shown from crystallographic analysis that the film belongs to the wurtzite structure with the C-axis aligned with that of the substrate. Magnetic hysteresis loops were observed till up to room temperature. A small peak around 55 K was noticed on the magnetization vs. temperature curve. The corresponding temperature of the small peak is close to that of ‘the abnormal peak’ reported by X.M. Zhang et al. From the results obtained, no correlation was found between the abnormal peak and the quantum effects. The magnetic behaviors in the Zn0.95Co0.05O film cannot be explained by the ferromagnetism in diluted magnetic semiconductors. The magnetic mechanisms in ZnO-based diluted magnetic semiconductors are also discussed.     

Climatic and environmental implications from n-alkanes in glacially eroded lake sediments in Tibetan Plateau: An example from Ximen Co

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify a series of n-alkanes in the sediments of a typical glacially eroded lake in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.By comparing the distribution patterns of n-alkanes in lake sediments,surface soils and cow manure,it was shown that n-C 27-n-C 33 alkanes in the soil ecosystem of Ximen Co are derived from vascular plant species and that the distribution pattern of n-C 27-n-C 33 alkanes remains unchanged during the feeding and digestion processes of herbivores.The relative percentage of C 27,C 29 and C 31 n-alkanes decreased from the bottom to the top of the sediment core showing a trend of degradation of higher plants in the Ximen Co lake region during the formation of the 44 cm core.210 Pb dating,combined with pre-existing AMS 14 C dating results showed that the depositional core reflects climatic and environmental variations since about 900 years before present.The n-alkane indexes (ACL 27-33,P aq,P wax) are comparable with regional temperature variation,especially recording the Little Ice Age event (LIA).This study highlights that n-alkanes are valid proxies for paleo-climate and paleo-environment reconstruction,despite the same distribution patterns in n-alkane molecular fossils derived from a typical glacially eroded lake.     

Magnetic properties of Fe3(1−x)Cr3xC alloys

The magnetic properties of Fe_3(1−x)Cr_3xC alloys with x=0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2, which crystallize in the cementite Fe₃C-type structure with space group Pnma, were investigated by means of magnetization measurements. These alloys show temperature-induced second-order magnetic phase transitions. The Curie temperature (T_c) of these alloys decreases with increasing x. The isothermal magnetic-entropy changes of these alloys were derived from the magnetic isotherms measured with increasing temperature and increasing field. The maximum values of the magnetic-entropy change are about 0.9 and 3.6 J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹ at T_c =360 K for x = 0.05 in a magnetic field change from 0 to 1 T and 0 to 5 T, respectively.     

Enhancement of magnetic properties and thermal stability of nanocrystalline (NdDyTb)12.3(FeZrNbCu)81.7B6.0 alloy with Co substitution

The major drawbacks of Nd-Fe-B magnets are relatively low Curie temperature and poor thermal stability. Ribbons with the near stoichiometric 2:14:1 composition of Nd_10.8Dy_0.75Tb_0.75Fe_79.7-xCo_xZr_0.8Nb_0.8Cu_0.4B_6.0 (x=0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15) were prepared by rapid quenching and subsequent heat treatment. The effect of Co element on the magnetic properties, thermal stability, and microstructure of the ribbons was systematically studied by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermal magnetic analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that Co substitution was significantly effective in improving the magnetic properties and the thermal stability of nanocrystalline ribbons. Although the intrinsic coercivity decreased from 1308.7 kA/m for x=0 to 817.4 kA/m for x=15, the remanence polarization and maximum energy product increased from 0.839 T and 116.5 kJ/m3 for the Co-free samples to 1.041 T and 155.1 kJ/m3 for the 12at% Co-substituted samples, respectively. About 10 K increase in Curie temperature was observed for the 2:14:1 phase with 1at% Co substitution. The absolute values of temperature coefficients of induction and coercivity were significantly decreased with Co substitution, which may be attractive for high operational temperature applications. The microstructure of nanocrystalline ribbons was slightly refined with Co substitution.     

钙钛矿La0.7CexBa0.3-xMnO3的磁热性能研究

【目的】通过固相反应法制备La_(0.7)Ce_xBa_(0.3-x)MnO_3(x=0,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)的钙钛矿锰氧化物,研究Ce元素的不同掺杂量对原体系磁热性能的影响。通过Ce元素的掺杂,来调节原体系过高的居里温度以及改善体系的磁热性能。【方法】通过X射线粉末衍射的方式确定其单相结构,并使用振动样品磁强计对钙钛矿样品进行磁性能的测试。【结果】La0.7CexBa0.3-xMnO3(x=0,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)的居里温度分别为342.1K,319.8K,270.0K,244.3K和199.7K。在0~2T的外磁场下,该体系的最大磁熵变分别为2.54J/(kg·K),2.32J/(kg·K),2.51J/(kg·K),2.03J/(kg·K)和1.87J/(kg·K),且最大磁熵变都在居里温度附近。【结论】随着Ce元素掺杂量的增加,化合物居里温度逐渐降低;而最大磁熵变则呈先减小后增大又减小的趋势。同时由Arrott曲线判断这5个样品的相变都是二级相变。当Ce元素的掺杂量为0.05~0.10时,该体系的居里温度在室温附近,且最大磁熵变仍保持较大的值。     

Response of the magnetic field and plasmas at the geosynchronous orbit to interplanetary shock

Interplanetary shock can greatly disturb the Earth＇s magnetosphere and ionosphere, causing the temporal and spatial changes of the magnetic field and plasmas at the geosynchronous orbit. In this paper, we use the magnetic field data of GOES satellites from 1997 to 2007 and the plasma data of MPA on the LANL satellites from 1997 to 2004 to study the properties of magnetic field and plasma （0.03-45 keV） at the geosynchronous orbit （6.6 RE） within 3 hours before and after the arrival of shock front at the geosynchronous orbit through both case study and superposed epoch analysis. It is found that following the arrival of shock front at the geosynchronous orbit, the magnetic field magnitude, as well as GSM Bzcomponent increases significantly on the dayside （8-16 LT）, while the By component has almost no change before and after shock impacts. In response to the interplanetary shock, the proton becomes much denser with a peak number density of 1.2 cm^-3, compared to the typical number density of 0.7 cm^-3. The proton temperature increases sharply, predominantly on the dusk and night side. The electron, density increases dramatically on the night side with a peak number density of 2.0 cm^-3. The inferred ionospheric O^＋ density after the interplanetary shock impact reaches the maximum value of 1.2 cm^-3 on the dusk side and exhibits the clear dawn-dusk asymmetry. The peak of the anisotropy of proton＇s temperature is located at the noon sector, and the anisotropy decreases towards the dawn and dusk side. The minimum of temperature anisotropy is on the night side. It is suggested that the electromagnetic ion cyclotron （EMIC） wave and whistler wave can be stimulated by the proton and electron temperature anisotropy respectively. The computed electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave （EMIC） intense on the day side （8--16 LT） with a frequency value of 0.8 Hz, and the wave intensity decreases towards the dawn and dusk side, the minimum value can be found on the night side. The computed electron whistler wave locates on the day side （8--16 LT） with a value of 2 kHz.     

Mineralogical alteration of thermally treated siderite in air: Mössbauer spectroscopy results

Mineralogical alternation of thermally treated siderite in air atmosphere has been systematically analyzed by Mössbauer effects. It was preliminarily estimated from the area of subspectra that 4%, 39% and 62% of magnetite were formed at 410 °C, 490 °C and 510 °C respectively. After being incrementally heated at 530 °C the spectra consist of two sextets of Fe₃O₄. Sextet of γ-Fe₂O₃ with hyperfine field of 50T was observed at 550 °C. Spectra at 580 °C consisted of two sextets with hyperfine fields caused by γ-Fe₂O₃ and α-Fe₂O₃. Fe₃O₄ disappeared and the amount of γ-Fe₂O₃ decreased, while the quantity of α-Fe₂O₃ increased to 34% and 77% at 640 °C and 690 °C, respectively. During the early stage of decomposition and oxidation, FeO was probably produced but quickly oxidized to magnetite and unidentified in our experiment. These results, in good agreement with the X-ray diffraction analyses and microscopic observation, provide an interpretation to anomalous magnetic property changes of siderite-bearing rock samples.     

Ultrasonic measurements of single-crystal gold under hydrostatic pressures up to 8 GPa in a Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus

Ultrasonic measurements were conducted on single-crystal gold at ambient condition and hydrostatic pressures up to 8 GPa at room temperature in a Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus. The P-wave velocities measured at high pressures were in good agreement with Daniels and Smith’s ultrasonic study. The three independent elastic constants of gold at ambient condition were determined to be C11=192.7 GPa, C12=162.9 GPa, and C44=42.4 GPa. On the basis of an analysis of previous elastic data and the present ultrasonic data, the pressure derivatives of three elastic constants were estimated to be C1 ′1= 7.12,C 1′2 = 6.24,and C4′4 = 1.82. The calculated values of isothermal bulk modulus (KT0) and its pressure derivatives ( KT ′0) are KT0 = 166.44 GPa and KT ′0= 6.56. This indicates that Anderson et al.’s model of equation of state of gold might underestimates pressure about 1 GPa at pressure around 23 GPa and ambient temperature. Our results explained the discrepancies among the models of equation of state of gold proposed previously.     

Low-temperature magnetic properties of horse spleen ferritin

The magnetic properties of the antiferromagnetic cores in ferritin are of importance in the construction and improvement of ferritin-based magnetic resonance imaging systems and their application to environmental magnetism. In this study, we carry out integrated magnetic and transmission electron microscopy analyses of horse spleen ferritin (HoSF) to understand the relationships between the magnetic behavior of HoSF and temperature, applied field and grain-size distributions. The R-value from the Wohlfarth-Cisowski test for the investigated sample at 5 K was 0.46, indicating very weak magnetostatic interactions among the nanoparticles of HoSF. The nanoparticles of HoSF show superparamagnetic properties at room temperature, while below the blocking temperature of T _b ≈ 12 K it has a net magnetic moment that comes from the uncompensated spins of the nanoparticle surface or spin-canting. The thermal relaxation process of HoSF follows the Néel-Arrhenius expression. From low-temperature AC susceptibility data, we calculated the effective magnetic anisotropy energy E _a=(5.52±0.16)×10^?21 J; the effective magnetic anisotropy energy constant K _eff =(4.65±0.14)×10⁴ J/m³ and the pre-exponential frequency factor f ₀=(4.52±2.93)×10¹¹ Hz. These values are useful in understanding the magnetic behavior of the antiferromagnetic nanoparticles and their potential application in biomedical technology.     

Characteristics of magnetic fabrics of Jiangshan-Shaoxing collision belt and its tectonic implications

The study of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of rocks from the northern part of Jiangshan-Shaoxing collisional belt demonstrates that the minimum principal AMS axes are the most concentrated one in various types of rocks. The planar projection of the minimum axis shows that the main compressive stress lies on northwest 30°–60°, which trends dominantly in northwest-southeast of Chencai area and arc-like disperse towards both north and south of Chencai. The inclination of the minimum axis illustrates that the Huaxia block is moving northwesterly. Although the maximum axes show slightly dispersal, they are within the confidential circle. The maximum axis intersects with the lineation with a small angle, suggesting that the Jiangshan-Shaoxing collision belt be of a sinistral shear slip. By comparison with magnetic fabrics of various rocks, intensive collision of the Jiangshan-Shaoxing belt was in Late Triassic and sustained to the late Yanshanian period in the form of sinistral shear slip.     

粗粒土静止侧压力系数试验

对某土石坝地基覆盖层2种级配的砂卵砾石料进行大型单向压缩试验,试验中,土压力盒基于标定方法提供的参数得到试样内的水平应力和垂直应力,进而计算其静止侧压力系数K_0。研究水标法和砂标法对粗粒土的适用程度,探讨K_0试验结果的可靠性;分别对2种级配土料进行中三轴CD试验,测定土料的有效内摩擦角,然后依据相关经验公式计算K_0,验证经验公式的有效性。结果表明:砂标法对于粗粒土来说是一种较可靠的标定方法;在竖向应力足够大时,K_0试验误差可以忽略不计,所测定的K_0接近实际值;Federico基于Terzaghi的已激发有效摩擦角概念而推导出的有效内摩擦角与静止侧压力系数之间的关系式较适合粗粒土。     

Climatic changes documented by stable isotopes of sedimentary carbonate in Lake Sugan, northeastern Tibetan Plateau of China, since 2 kaBP

Lake Sugan at the northern edge of the Qaidam Basin was selected as the research object. The temporal sequence of sedimentary cores retrieved from Lake Sugan since 2 kaBP was reconstructed using the ^210Pb, AMS 14C and conventional 14C dating methods. Carbon and oxygen isotopes of carbonate in the fine-grained lake sediments were analysed. Combined with the changes of 8180 values of surface water and air temperature observation data in the study area, it might be thought that the δ^18O value of the carbonate indicates effective moisture, and the changes in δ^13C values are related to annual freeze-up duration of the lake and indirectly indicate air temperature changes in winter half year. From the above, the sequence of climatic changes in the region since 2 kaBP was established. The climatic changes experienced five stages： Warm-dry climate during 0-190 AD： cold-dry climate during 190-580 AD; warm-dry climate during 580-1200 AD （MWP）; cold-wet climate during 1200-1880 AD （LIA）; cold-dry climate during 1880-1950 AD： and climate warming since 1950s. The air temperature changes in winter half year reflected by carbon isotope since 2 kaBP are in good agreement with the historical literature records and other geologic records, which shows that the climate changes recorded by the stable isotopes from Lake Sugan since 2 kaBP are of universal significance.     

A class of quasisymmetric mappings with substantial points

It is proved thatK _q (h)=K ₀(h) for everyh in some class of quasisymmetric mappings of the unit circle with substantial points, whereK _q (h):=sup{M(h(Q))/M(Q);Q is a quadrilateral with the domain unit disk} andK ₀(h) is the extremal maximum dilatation ofh.     

The giant magnetocaloric effect in Gd<Subscript>5</Subscript>Si<Subscript>2</Subscript>Ge<Subscript>2</Subscript> with low purity gadolinium

The giant magnetocaloric effect Gd5Si2Ge2 alloy was prepared with 99wt% low purity commercial Gd. Powder XRD and magnetic measurements showed that the Gd5Si2Ge2 alloy annealed at 1200℃ for 1h had a significant magnetic- crystallographic first order phase transition at about 270 K. The maximal magnetic entropy change is 17.55 J· kg^-1· K^-1 under a magnetic field change of 0-5 T. The distinct increase of magnetic entropy change belongs to the first-order phase transition from the orthorhombic Gd5Si4-type to the monoclinic Gd5Si2Ge2-type after high temperature heat-treatment.     

Sea surface temperature and terrestrial biomarker records of the last 260 ka of core MD05-2904 from the northern South China Sea

This paper reports high-resolution biomarker records of the last 260 ka for core MD05-2904 from the northern South China Sea （SCS）. The sea surface temperature （SST） record using the U37^k＇, index reveals a minimum of 21.5℃（MIS 2） and a maximum of 28.3℃（MIS 5.5）, for a temperature difference of almost 7℃, and provides the longest high-resolution U37^k＇ SST record in northern SCS. The content of odd-number long chain n-alkanes and several n-alkanes indexes such as the CPI, ACL and the C31/C27 ratio, all reveal generally higher values during the glacials and lower values during the interglaclals. Terrestrial input as Indicated by n-alkane content was mostly controlled by sea-level changes： During the glacials, lower sea-level exposed the continental shelf to enable rivers to transport more terrestrial materials to the slope; and the situation reverses during the interglacials. The n-alkane indexes changes reveal more n-alkanes from contemporary vegetation during glacials as a result of the proximity of the core site to the source region, while the increases in ACL and C81/C27 ratio during glaclals indicate a change to more grassy vegetation. However, the highest values for CPI, ACL and the C81/C27 ratio all occurred during late MIS 3, and it was suggested that this period was characterized by a strong summer monsoon-dominated humid climate which resulted in a denser vegetation for the exposed continental shelf region.     

Equilibrium dialysis study on the interaction between Cu(II) and HSA or BSA

The interaction of Cu(II) and human serum albumin (HSA) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) at physiological pH is studied by equilibrium dialysis. The successive stability constants are obtained by non-linear least square methods fitting Bjerrum formula. For both the Cu(II)-HSA and Cu(II)-BSA systems, the order of magnitude of K₁ and K₂ was found to be ≈10⁴ mol⁻¹· dm³. There are about twenty stoichiometry binding sites found in one HSA or BSA molecule. They can be divided into two or three sets. Results of equilibrium dialysis experiments suggest that there exists one strong metal binding site in both Cu(II)-HSA and Cu (II)-BSA. It is the imidazol group nitrogen atoms of His³ that are primarily concerned with copper binding site. After reaching dialysis equilibrium, there is the interaction among the different binding sites, the values ofK all deviate from the simple statistical effect except forK ₁ and K₂ in both Cu(II)-HSA and Cu(II)-BSA systems, and the positive cooperative effect is found.     

The spin and orbital moment contributions of each element to macroscopic magnetization in Co0.9Fe0.1 films

With the development of information technology, the data storage capacity of magnetic recording media has been increasing rapidly in recent years. To achieve areal densities as high as one terabit per square inch (Tb·in?2), roughly 20 times of today’s p…     

Nb5N6 thin film on silicon and silicon oxide: A good material for terahertz detection

Voltage responsivity of bolometer will benefit from high temperature coefficient of resistance （TCR） of the material. The Nb5N6 thin solid films we proposed in this paper have high TCR, compared with the commonly-used materials such as Nb and Bi. The films were sputtered on Si（100）, SiO2/Si（100）, SiO2 substrates by using radio frequency （rt） magnetron sputtering. The deposition conditions have been optimized to get high TCR. The highest TCR is over 0.91% K^-1 at 300 K and up to 4.5% K^-1 -7% K^-1 at 78 K, which is good enough to be used in terahertz detection and thermometer fabrication in the range from 78 K to 300 K.     

Study on the polarization effect by Ce doping in MnSb alloy

Using discrete variationalX _α method within the local-density-functional theory and cluster models, the electronic structure and magnetic property of MnSb(Ce) are investigated. It is found that Sb-5p state is much polarized by Ce doping. The spin moment of Sb changes from −0.06μ _s in MnSb to −0.32μ _s in Mnsb(Ce). The interaction between Mn and doped Ce is small compared with that between Sb and Ce in MnSb(Ce). The influence to the magneto-optical property of MnSb by the doped Ce is discussed. It is expected that the Sb-5p polarization caused by Ce will make MnSb(Ce) a promising magneto-optical material. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Zhang Long: born in Nov. 1972, Master