不锈钢渣凝固过程中物相转变的热力学分析

采用热力学软件FactSage6.2，研究不锈钢渣凝固过程中的物相转变规律.结果表明:降低碱度和添加Al₂O₃含量均能降低硅酸二钙的析出温度，抑制硅酸二钙的产生，并促进黄长石相的生成.不锈钢渣中尖晶石相的含Cr量随着碱度的降低而增加，当碱度从1.6降到1.0时，Cr质量分数从24.93%增加到48.27%，同时凝固过程液态渣中的铬元素含量随着碱度的降低也有所减少.添加10%的Al₂O₃，有利于尖晶石相的析出，且随着温度的降低，Al³⁺逐步取代尖晶石中的Cr³⁺，尖晶石相中的Cr质量分数也由30.39%(1500℃)降低至13.88%(1300℃).     

Fe_2O_3对煤焦热解反应的催化作用研究

采用热分析仪、滴管炉等研究了Fe_2O_3对煤焦热解过程的催化作用,借助XRD分析了Fe_2O_3在不同反应温度下的转变产物。结果表明,添加Fe_2O_3后煤焦热解吸热量明显下降,生成烟气中CO、CO_2含量显著上升;Fe_2O_3在1000℃和1100℃时的主要转化产物分别为Fe_3O_4和FeO,在1200℃时转变为Fe_3O_4、FeO和Fe。     

调质高炉渣纤维化过程析晶行为的热力学研究

以Ca O-Mg O-Si O_2-Al_2O_3四元渣系为研究对象,利用Factsage 6.4热力学软件,研究冷却过程中黄长石等高熔点矿相的析出热力学现象,解析碱度、Mg O和Al_2O_3含量等因素对不同组分调质高炉渣中晶相析出的影响规律。结果表明:随着碱度的增加,析晶温度逐渐升高,液相量逐渐减少,黄长石的析出量先增加后减少,当碱度为1.2时黄长石的析出量达到最大;随着Mg O含量的增加,析晶温度逐渐升高,1 275~1 420℃黄长石的析出量逐渐增加,液相量逐渐减少,1 240~1 275℃黄长石的析出量逐渐减少,液相量逐渐增加;随着Al_2O_3含量的增加析晶温度逐渐增加。     

In_2O_3-10SnO_2陶瓷中In_4Sn_3O_(12)与富Sn析出相特征

以SnO_2质量分数为10%的共沉淀ITO粉为原料,在1 600℃氧气氛下烧结制备ITO陶瓷,采用X线衍射、电子探针、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对其物相组成、元素分布和微观结构进行研究。研究结果表明:在In_2O_3:Sn晶粒内析出纳米尺寸的体心立方结构的富Sn相,晶粒边缘内侧出现低Sn浓度的无析出带,其三晶交界处生成In_4Sn_3O_(12)晶粒;In_2O_3:Sn晶内富Sn析出相按照从晶粒中部到晶界边缘尺寸逐渐减小、排布由疏到密的的规律分布;随着保温时间的延长,In_4Sn_3O_(12)晶粒尺寸、In_2O_3:Sn晶内的富Sn析出相尺寸和无析出带宽度增大。     

添加Y_2O_3对铝镁质干式捣打料微观组织和性能的影响

以电熔白刚玉、电熔镁砂、活性氧化铝为主要原料,以Y_2O_3为添加剂,分别在1300、1400、1500、1600℃温度下保温3h制备铝镁质干式捣打料。研究在不同煅烧温度下添加Y_2O_3对铝镁质干式捣打料物相组成、显微结构、烧结性能、力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,适量Y_2O_3的引入能促进尖晶石材料的烧结,当温度低于1400℃时,Y_2O_3与Al_2O_3通过固相反应形成亚稳相的YAlO3(YAP),随着温度的上升,YAP逐渐被Y3Al5O12(YAG)所取代,其中,Y3+在高温下易固溶到尖晶石晶格内,促进其晶界迁移和晶粒长大,使材料的致密度得到明显提高;在1600℃保温3h的热处理条件下,添加0.5%~1.0%Y2O3所制铝镁质干式捣打料具有较好的烧结性能和力学性能,其中,添加1.0%Y_2O_3所制材料的线变化率约为2.7%、显气孔率为26%、体积密度为2.8g·cm-3、常温耐压强度约为15.4 MPa、高温抗折强度达3.8 MPa。     

富硼渣MgO-B_2O_3-SiO_2-FeO体系表面张力计算

基于熔渣结构离子与分子共存理论和Butler方程建立MgO-B_2O_3-SiO_2-FeO体系表面张力计算模型,计算该体系及其子体系的表面张力,考察熔渣组元和温度对表面张力的影响。研究结果表明:本模型计算的相关体系熔渣表面张力与文献实验值吻合较好,模型平均相对误差为11.85%。含B_2O_3体系熔渣中,B_2O_3组元能够显著降低熔渣表面张力,纯氧化物表面张力与形成氧化物的阳离子静电势及氧化物中离子键分数有关。MgO-B_2O_3-SiO_2-FeO体系表面张力随B_2O_3含量增加和温度升高而显著降低,随着MgO/SiO_2质量比的增加而逐渐增大;当B_2O_3质量分数为17%~19%时,表面张力随FeO含量的变化规律发生改变,当B_2O_3含量较低时,熔渣表面张力随着FeO含量的增加而增大,当B_2O_3含量较高时,表面张力随着FeO含量的增加而降低。     

CaO-SiO_2-B_2O_3-硼泥渣系的熔化性能及渣系结构分析

为研究硼泥质量分数对CaO-SiO_2-B_2O_3-硼泥渣系的熔化性能和渣系结构的影响,分别采用半球点法和旋转柱体法测定了渣系的熔化温度和黏度,并通过X射线衍射分析和拉曼光谱对渣系的物相组成和渣系中硅酸盐微结构单元的变化规律进行了研究,进一步解释了硼泥对试验渣系熔化性能的影响机理.结果表明:随着硼泥质量分数的增加,渣系的熔化温度和黏度均降低,在1 200℃时,当硼泥质量分数从5%增加到15%时,渣系的黏度从3.0 Pa·s以上降低到0.5 Pa·s以下.XRD分析结果显示:试验渣系的主要物相为2CaO·SiO_2和低熔点的钙镁硅酸盐相如Ca_(14)Mg_2(SiO_4)_8,Ca_5MgSi_3O_(12)和Ca_3Mg(SiO_4)_2,还有少量的CaO·B_2O_3相,这些低熔点物相的形成导致渣系的熔化温度降低.拉曼光谱结果显示:随着硼泥质量分数的增加,渣系中复杂的硅酸盐网络开始解体,导致渣系中非桥氧的数目增加,桥氧的数目减少,使得渣系的黏度降低,这与上述黏度试验的测定结果一致.     

ZrO2含量对Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO2系封接玻璃结构性能的影响

采用熔融法制备了Bi2O_3-B2O_3-SiO_2系封接玻璃.采用红外光谱、X-射线衍射、综合热分析、电子扫描电镜、抗弯强度测试等表征方法研究了ZrO_2含量对玻璃试样的结构、物相组成、软化温度、热膨胀系数、耐酸性和力学性能的影响.结果表明:当ZrO_2质量分数低于4%时,玻璃试样中没有晶体析出;当ZrO_2质量分数大于等于4%时,试样中有ZrO_2和α-Bi2O_3晶体析出.玻璃结构中主要存在[BO_3],[BO_4],[BiO_3],[SiO_4]和[ZrO_4]基团.当ZrO_2质量分数小于3%时,随着ZrO_2质量分数的增加,玻璃试样的转变温度Tg和软化温度Tf升高,膨胀系数降低,耐酸性增强,抗弯强度增加;当ZrO_2质量分数为3%时,试样的Tg和Tf达到最大值为510℃和562℃,膨胀系数达到最小值6.92×10-6 K-1,抗弯强度达到最大值49MPa;继续增加ZrO_2的含量,玻璃试样的转变温度Tg和软化温度Tf降低,膨胀系数增大,耐酸性变差,抗弯强度降低.     

B_2O_3质量对VGF晶体生长工艺成晶率的影响

B_2O_3的吸水性特别强,水含量不同,其与p BN坩埚浸润状态也会有所不同,B_2O_3与p BN坩埚壁的浸润状态对晶体生长能否成功非常重要。同时,B_2O_3添加量的多少也会影响晶体生长中熔体的化学计量比,从而影响成晶。通过对VGF晶体生长工艺中所使用的液封剂B_2O_3的水含量及添加量对砷化镓晶体成晶率影响的试验分析,确定合理的添加量及水含量,提高了砷化镓晶体生长的成晶率,使掺硅砷化镓单晶生长的成晶率达到75%以上,有效地降低了生产成本。     

FeO和Al2O3质量分数对高炉初渣粘度的影响

以高铝烧结矿在高炉软熔滴落过程中形成的高炉初渣为主要研究对象,在实验室条件下采用分析纯试剂进行初渣的制备,分别探讨了CaO-SiO_2-MgO-Al_2O_3-FeO五元渣系中,FeO(5%~15%)及Al_2O_3(6%~15%)质量分数对初渣粘度和熔化性温度的影响规律。实验结果表明:在碱度(CaO/SiO_2)为2.0时,炉渣粘度随FeO质量分数的增加而减小,且FeO质量分数越多,炉渣的熔化性温度越低;当FeO质量分数为5%时,随着Al_2O_3质量分数的增大,炉渣粘度和熔化性温度都呈降低的趋势。     

Al2O3对高炉渣物化性能影响的理论分析

随着优质铁矿资源的消耗,钢铁企业可利用的铁矿原料品位逐渐降低。因此,高铝质铁矿资源越来越受到钢铁企业的关注,但高铝原料在高炉冶炼过程中会带来渣铁黏稠、炉温偏低、冶炼安全等一系列问题。本研究中采用FactSage热力学软件分析Al₂O₃质量分数对高炉渣平衡物相、熔化温度、相析出温度的影响以及高铝渣液相区变化和黏度变化,旨在为高炉冶炼高铝原料提供一定的基础支撑。研究发现：炉渣为低铝（5%～10%）含量时,随着Al₂O₃含量增加,炉渣熔化温度升高,析出相为黄长石相和纯物质相,高炉渣黏度变化不大,炉渣中SiO₂含量高,炉渣黏度过高,不适合高炉冶炼;炉渣为中铝（10%～15%）含量时,随着Al₂O₃含量增加,炉渣熔化温度升高,析出相为尖晶石相、黄长石相和纯物质相,高炉渣黏度增加幅度略有提高,Al₂O₃含量对高炉渣性质影响较小,增加炉渣二元碱度对炉渣黏度降低效果较明显;炉渣为高铝（15%～30%）含量时...     

Effect of FeO on the formation of spinel phases and chromium distribution in the CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-Cr2O3 system

Synthetic slag samples of the CaO-SiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃ system were obtained to clarify the effect of FeO on the formation of spinel phases and Cr distribution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), as well as the thermodynamic software FactSage 6.2, were used for sample characterization. The results show that the addition of FeO can decrease the viscosity of molten slag and the precipitation temperatures of melilite and merwinite. The solidus temperature significantly decreases from 1400 to 1250°C with the increase of FeO content from 0wt% to 6wt%. The addition of FeO could enhance the content of Cr in spinel phases and reduce the content of Cr in soluble minerals, such as merwinite, melilite, and dicalcium silicate. Hence, the addition of FeO is conducive to decreasing Cr leaching.     

Preparation, crystallization, and wetting of ZnO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics for sealing to Kovar

A novel type of ZnO-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂ glass-ceramics sealing to Kovar in electronic packaging was developed, whose thermal expansion coefficient and electrical resistance are 5.2×10-6/℃ and over 1×1013 Ω·cm, respectively. The major crystalline phases in the glass-ceramic seals were ZnAl₂O₄, ZnB₂O₄, and NaSiAl₂O₄. The dielectric resistance of the glass-ceramic could be remarkably enhanced through the control of alkali metal ions into crystal lattices. It was found that crystallization happened first on the surface of the sample, leaving the amorphous phase in the inner, which made the glass suitable for sealing. The glass-ceramic showed better wetting on the Kovar surface, and sealing atmosphere and temperature had great effect on the wetting angle. Strong interracial bonding was obtained, which was mainly attributed to the interracial reaction between SiO₂ and FeO or Fe₃O₄.     

纳米Al2O3颗粒对Cu-Al2O3性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米Al₂O₃颗粒,通过粉末冶金法制备氧化铝铜（Cu-Al₂O₃）。采用X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、洛氏硬度仪和涡流计分别测试了Cu-Al₂O₃的结合能、微观组织、硬度和导电率。结果表明：随Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度先升高后降低,当Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数达到0.084%时,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值75.73（HRB）。Cu-Al₂O₃的导电率随着Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加逐渐下降。Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数为0.084%时为最佳值,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值,导电率达到69.1% IACS。     

纳米Fe2O3-Al2O3复合材料的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶表面包覆法制备了纳米Fe₂O₃-Al₂ O₃复合材料, 利用X射线衍射和透射电镜对样品的物相、 粒度和形貌进行了研 究. 结果表明, α-Fe₂O₃掺杂降低了Al₂O₃相变温度, 在900 ℃可以得到稳定的α-Al₂O₃相.     

Effect of the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio and FeO content on the viscosity of CaO-SiO2-“FeO”-12wt%ZnO-3wt%Al2O3 slags

An effective process for recycling lead from hazardous waste cathode ray tubes (CRTs) funnel glass through traditional lead smelting has been presented previously. The viscous behavior of the molten high lead slag, which is affected by the addition of funnel glass, plays a critical role in determining the production efficiency. Therefore, the viscosities of the CaO-SiO₂-"FeO"-12wt%ZnO-3wt%Al₂O₃ slags were measured in the current study using the rotating spindle method. The slag viscosity decreases as the CaO/SiO₂ mass ratio is increased from 0.8 to 1.2 and also as the FeO content is increased from 8wt% to 20wt%. The breaking temperature of the slag is lowered substantially by the addition of FeO, whereas the influence of the CaO/SiO₂ mass ratio on the breaking temperature is complex. The structural analysis of quenched slags using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy reveals that the silicate network structure is depolymerized with increasing CaO/SiO₂ mass ratio or increasing FeO content. The[FeO₆]-octahedra in the slag melt increase as the CaO/SiO₂ mass ratio or the FeO content increases. This increase can further decrease the degree of polymerization (DOP) of the slag. Furthermore, the activation energy for viscous flow decreases both with increasing CaO/SiO₂ mass ratio and increasing FeO content.     

复合氧化物Co3O4/Bi2O3对甲苯的光催化作用

采用微乳法制备复合氧化物Co₃O₄/Bi₂O₃纳米粒子， 用TG-DTA， XRD， XPS和FT-IR对其表征， 以甲苯为气相有机污染物研究Co₃O₄/Bi₂O₃的光催化活性. 结果表明， 微乳法制备的Co₃O₄/Bi₂O₃粒子光催化活性优于纯氧化铋； 活性的提高程度与n(Co) ∶n(Bi)有关， 其最佳配比为0.02 ∶1； 光催化活性随焙烧温度升高而增大, 750 ℃焙烧的样品催化活性最好.     

Na_2O对CaO-Al_2O_3基渣系性能的影响

分析了向CaO-Al2O3基熔渣中添加Na2O对熔渣性能的影响,并比较了几种不同的添加剂对渣系黏度的影响.研究表明:w(CaO)/w(Al2O3)=1.1时,渣系中随着Na2O含量的增加,CaO-Al2O3渣系的黏度先降低后升高,在Na2O质量分数为4%处出现极小值;Na2O的添加还会导致CaO-Al2O3渣系的熔化温度升高;Na2O,Li2O和MgO都可以降低CaO-Al2O3渣系的黏度,其降低渣系黏度的能力由大到小依次为Li2O>Na2O>MgO.综合考虑Na2O对渣系黏度和熔化温度的影响,Na2O在CaO-Al2O3渣系中的加入量以不超过4%为宜.     

Preparation and characterization of LiAlxMn2-xO4 for a supercapacitor in aqueous electrolyte

LiAl_xMn_2—xO₄ (0≤x≤0.5) was synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction. The structure and morphology of LiAl_xMn_2—xO₄ were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that all samples show spinel phase. The polyhedral particles turn to club-shaped, then change to small spherical, and finally become agglomerates with increasing Al content. The supercapacitive performances of LiAl_xMn_2—xO₄ were studied by means of galvanostatic charge-discharge, cyclic voltammetry, and alternating current (AC) impedance in 2 mol·L⁻¹ (NH₄)₂SO₄ aqueous solution. The results show that LiAl_xMn_2—xO₄ represents rectangular shape performance in the potential range of 0-1 V. The capacity and cycle performance can be improved by doping Al. The composition of x=0.1 has the maximum special capacitance of 160 F·g⁻¹, which is 1.37 times that of LiMn₂O₄ electrode. The capacitance loss of LiAl_xMn_2—xO₄ with x=0.1 is only about 14% after 100 cycles.     

FeO含量对SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO(-FeO)酸性渣熔化温度的影响

基于熔渣离子理论,利用导电法在高纯氩气保护下测定SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO(-FeO)酸性渣(二元碱度R=0.6)的熔化温度,考察FeO含量对酸性渣熔化温度的影响。结果表明,FeO的加入可以降低酸性母渣SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO的熔化温度,且渣中FeO含量越大,渣样熔化温度越低;当渣中FeO含量低于20%时,随着FeO含量的增加,渣样熔化温度降低幅度较大;当渣中FeO含量高于20%时,随着FeO含量的增加,酸性渣熔化温度降低趋势变缓。