水解酸化—好氧生物处理焦化废水的试验研究

对处理焦化废水的两种工艺的试验研究表明，采用水解酸化－好氧生物处理较单一好氧生物处理可取得良好的效果。水解酸化作为焦化废水的预处理比较适宜。当实际焦化废水进水CODcr浓度为2214mg/L，水解酸化停留时间12h，好氧曝气时间18h，间歇动态试验出水CODcr浓度为172mg/L时，CODcr的去除率达92．23％，满足污水综合排放标准（GB8978－95）的排放要求。     

水解酸化一二次完全混合法处理啤酒废水的研究

某啤酒公司采用先水解酸化再行二次完全混合法处理啤酒废水,实际运行效果是:流量1 000 t/d,40 t/h;水力停留8 h;一级氧化池温度在3 0 ℃以下;污泥指数小于100 mg/L可达最佳效果;即出水CODcr去除率97.67%;BOD5去除率99.44%;SS去除率90.03%;PH近中性,无色无味,达国家GB8978-<污水综合排放标准>一级标准.     

水解酸化一二次完全混合法处理啤酒废水的研究

某啤酒公司采用先水解酸化再行二次完全混合法处理啤酒废水，实际运行效果是：流量1000t／d，40t／h；水力停留8h；一级氧化池温度在30℃以下；污泥指数小于100mg／L可达最佳效果；即出水CODcr去除率97．67％；BOD5去除率99．44％；SS去除率90．03％；PH近中性，无色无味，达国家GB8978-《污水综合排放标准》一级标准．     

两种制革废水生化处理组合工艺的效能比较

 借助于实际工程的运行,比较了水解酸化与序批式活性污泥法(SBR)组合工艺(H-SBR)和接触氧化与SBR组合工艺(O-SBR)两套设施处理制革废水的效能。结果表明,接触氧化与SBR组合工艺能有效处理制革废水,在接触氧化HRT 24h、SBR曝气5-7h的条件下,COD和氨氮平均去除率可分别达到83%和74%,出水平均浓度分别为273和42mg/L。采用水解酸化与SBR的组合工艺对预处理后的制革废水进行处理,在水解酸化HRT 24h、SBR曝气5-7h的条件下,COD和氨氮平均去除率分别仅为70%和5%,虽然COD可降低到500mg/L以下,但氨氮高达163mg/L左右,且需配套臭气处理设施。     

SBR法处理模拟淀粉废水的工艺条件研究

采用序批式活性污泥法(SBR)处理模拟淀粉废水,研究缺氧时间、曝气时间、温度、进水负荷对处理效果的影响.结果表明,SBR法在室温下就能高效地处理淀粉废水.对于淀粉浓度≤1.0g·L-1、CODcr≤1115mg·L-1的废水,单用完全曝气SBR法就能得到很好的去除效果;随着浓度增大,则需要设置缺氧段,以促进淀粉被水解酸化成小分子有机酸,但缺氧段的设置对CODcr的去除不明显,曝气反应对CODcr的去除起主导作用.缺氧段的长短应由废水性质来决定.用SBR法处理淀粉废水具有较好抗负荷冲击能力和系统稳定性,在进水淀粉浓度高达6.0g·L-1、CODcr达6690mg·L-1时,淀粉去除率为97.3%,CODcr去除率为94.0%,经过1个多月的运行,废水中淀粉去除率和CODcr去除率均保持稳定.     

微电解厌氧SBR组合工艺处理化学制药废水

化学制药废水难以生化处理.采用微电解厌氧水解酸化可以使BOD/COD由0.125提高到0.644,可生化性能得到显著提高;同时考察了SBR工艺对预处理后废水的降解.结果表明：Fe/C比为30为最佳.SBR生化处理中,污泥负荷控制在0.5 kgCOD/kgMLSS·d左右,曝气6 h时COD去除率达85%,达到排放标准.     

两相厌氧-SBR法处理米粉厂废水工程实践

采用两相厌氧 - SBR法处理桂林市瓦窑米粉厂的生产废水 ,即在 SBR池前利用两相厌氧池进行预处理 ,减少 SBR池的有机负荷 ,节约投资 ,同时 SBR池不设污泥处理设施 ,占地面积仅 85 m2。一年多的实际运行情况表明 ,米粉厂生产废水经两相厌氧预处理后 ,BOD和 CODcr的去除率分别为 31.0 %和 5 3.0 % ,BOD和 CODcr分别降解到 5 87mg· L- 1 和 75 3mg· L- 1 ,BOD/ CODcr≈ 0 .78。经过 SBR池后 ,BOD和 CODcr分别降解到 2 4 .3mg· L- 1 和 77.1mg· L- 1 ,达到国家规定的《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978- 96 )的新改扩一级标准。     

水解酸化+两级SBR处理蛋白饲料生产废水

通过水解酸化和两级SBR工艺处理蛋白饲料生产废水的试验研究,确定了水解酸化反应器的最佳停留时间,探讨了两级SBR反应器中CODCr、NH3—N和DO的变化规律.实验结果表明,进水CODCr在1 654~213 2 mg/L、NH3—N在35~65 mg/L时,反应器处理效果稳定,出水CODCr在100mg/L以下,去除率在96%左右,NH3—N在5 mg/L以下,去除率在92%左右,出水水质达到了《淀粉工业水污染物排放标准》.     

水解酸化-好氧处理石油化工废水试验研究

试验采用水解酸化接好氧工艺处理石化废水 ,水解酸化池停留时间 1 5h ,后接 1 0h左右的好氧处理 ,COD去除率可以达到 90 %以上 ,BOD去除率达到 90 %以上 .通过考察水解酸化 -好氧系统对CODCr、BOD5的去除效果 ,分析了系统中COD、BOD去除情况 ,并分析了污泥具有良好絮凝沉降性能的原因     

低溶解氧条件下处理模拟城市污水的研究

采用SBR工艺,在低溶解氧条件下,对活性污泥处理污水的效果进行研究.实验结果表明,在溶解氧质量浓度稳定在DO=1 mg/L,进水0.5 h,兼氧搅拌0.5 h,曝气3 h时,达到最佳去除率.这时反应器出水的COD、氨氮和磷酸盐的平均质量浓度分别为48.46、7.65、0.42 mg/L,其去除率分别为82.73%、80.66%和92.18%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the