300M超高强度钢电化学性能及应力腐蚀开裂

采用动电位扫描技术和慢应变速率拉伸试验研究了超高强度钢300M在3.5%NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀行为,并利用扫描电镜观察了不同外加电位下的断口形貌.300M钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中开路电位下的应力腐蚀开裂机制为阳极溶解型,Cl-的存在明显地增加了材料的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性.阳极电位-600 mV下300M钢溶解速率加快,表现出较高的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,断面收缩率损失由开路电路下的52.6%升高至99.5%,裂纹起源于表面点蚀坑处,应力腐蚀开裂为阳极溶解型机制.阴极电位-800 mV下材料处于阴极保护电位范围,表现出较低的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,强度和韧度与空气中拉伸的数值相近,开裂机制为阳极溶解和氢致开裂协同作用.在更低电位(低于-950 mV)下,300M钢的应力腐蚀开裂机制为氢致开裂,在氢和拉应力的共同作用下表现出很大的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性.     

外加电位对X80管线钢模拟海岸土壤腐蚀的影响

为探究双相X80管线钢在沿海土壤模拟溶液环境中的腐蚀机理，采用极化曲线、慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)和交流阻抗(EIS)法对不同外加电位(-750,-900和-1 050 mV vs.饱和甘汞电极(SCE))下双相X80管线钢的应力腐蚀和电化学腐蚀行为进行研究。结果表明，双相X80管线钢在-1 050 mV电位下对应力腐蚀(SCC)最为敏感。慢应变拉伸呈现为脆性断裂，断口可见铁素体区域圆形或椭圆形的凹坑，这是由于过度阴极反应产生的氢原子扩散进入到钢中在铁素体晶界聚集，氢气析出产生的较高氢压超过材料的强度产生圆形孔洞，在拉伸应力作用下变为椭圆形。在此电位下EIS模拟电阻最小，耐腐蚀性最差。-750 mV的外加电位可起到一定的电化学保护作用，但不足以防止X80管线钢应力腐蚀的发生。-900 mV的外加电位可有效抑制X80管线钢的阳极溶解，SSRT的强度和延展性均高于0 mV电位试样，表现出韧性断裂特征，EIS模拟电阻最高，因此双相X80管线钢在模拟海岸土壤环境下最佳的阴极保护电位约为-900 mV vs. SCE。双相X80管线钢在沿海土壤模拟环境中的应力腐蚀行为的研究可对其在实际使用过...     

氢对X80钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响

采用电化学充氢技术、动电位扫描技术、交流阻抗技术(EIS)和慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)研究库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中氢对X80管线钢应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为的影响,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察试样断口形貌。研究结果表明:充氢电流密度和充氢时间的增加均能加速金属腐蚀反应;随着充氢量的增大,试样自腐蚀电位呈下降趋势,腐蚀速率逐渐增大,氢促进了X80钢在库尔勒模拟溶液中腐蚀的发展;电化学充氢后,X80钢的应力腐蚀开裂行为主要由氢致开裂(HIC)作用决定,阳极溶解过程只起到辅助裂纹形核的作用,因为氢能引起材料局部塑性变形,促进裂纹尖端形核和扩展。     

外加阴极电位对模拟海水环境下21Cr2NiMo钢应力腐蚀行为的影响

海洋工程用系泊链钢经常遭受因阴极过保护导致的应力腐蚀开裂。因此,研究外加电位对系泊链钢的应力腐蚀影响规律及机制具有重要意义。本文旨在研究外加阴极电位对系泊链钢应力腐蚀行为的影响规律及机制。慢应变速率拉伸、电子背散射衍射和扫描电镜被用于本研究。以此为基础阐明了一类R5级别高强系泊链钢（21Cr2NiMo）在外加阴极电位下的应力腐蚀行为及机制。研究结果表明,21Cr2NiMo钢在强阴极极化下氢脆的敏感性较高;当外加电位在?775 mV vs. SCE时应力腐蚀敏感性最低;当外加电位低于?950 mV vs. SCE时应力腐蚀敏感性迅速升高。随着外加电位的降低断口形貌由穿晶型向沿晶型转变。随着外加阴极电位降低,沿晶型开裂从沿着板条贝氏体晶界开裂向沿着原奥氏体晶界开裂转变。扫描电镜结果表明点蚀促进了应力腐蚀裂纹萌生。随着外加电位降低,应力腐蚀机制由阳极溶解和氢脆机制混合控制转变为单一氢脆机制控制。     

电位对508Ⅲ-52M-690合金焊接接头应力腐蚀的影响

通过慢应变速率拉伸和高温电化学试验相结合的方法,研究了外加电位对压水堆核电机组安全端508Ⅲ-52M-690合金异种材料焊接接头在含氯离子的高温高压水中应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)倾向的影响规律.结果表明,在温度为300℃高温高压水环境下,当氯离子的含量为50mg/kg、除氧时,焊接接头的SCC敏感性随电极电位升高而增大,即随着溶解氧浓度增加而增加.存在一个介于-500~-400mV(相对标准氢电极)的SCC临界电位,低于该电位时,焊接接头SCC敏感性较小,未见明显沿晶开裂,断裂为由力学性能主导的塑性开裂,与焊接接头不同冶金组织的硬度密切相关,硬度越低,越容易断裂,断裂位置均为硬度最低的52Mb处;高于临界电位时,SCC敏感性急剧增加,并出现明显的沿晶开裂和穿晶开裂断口,断裂为腐蚀主导的脆性开裂,断裂位置均为腐蚀性能最差的低合金钢508Ⅲ热影响区.同时发现,焊接接头中52Mb对接焊和508Ⅲ钢之间的热影响区对SCC最敏感.     

X90螺旋埋弧焊管抗硫化氢性能的研究

对X90螺旋埋弧焊管进行氢致开裂（HIC）和硫化氢应力腐蚀开裂（SSCC）实验研究,结果表明：X90螺旋埋弧焊管管母比焊缝抗HIC的能力差,高位错密度的组织和高硬度是导致发生HIC开裂的主要原因.在72％最下规定屈服强度应力下进行SSCC实验,其中两个试样断裂失效,主要是由于断裂部位存在夹杂物或高的残余应力,以及粒状贝氏体（B粒）组织的存在引起硬度波动偏高而导致应力腐蚀断裂.电化学极化实验和交流阻抗测试也进一步证实了管母比焊缝更容易被腐蚀.     

ZCE36Z35钢腐蚀疲劳的研究

本文对ZCE36Z35钢在3.5%Nacl 和10%NH_4NO_3水溶液中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率(FCGR)及外加极化电位的影响进行了实验研究,结合应力腐蚀(SCC)实验,作者认为,除非在阴极极化条件下出现强烈充氢情况,该钢在中性水溶液中的麦劳裂纹扩展主要受氧去极化作用(ODR)控制而不是氢脆(HE)机制.     

X80管线钢在近中性pH溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂

采用电化学动电位扫描技术、慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)试验和扫描电镜观察研究了X80管线钢及焊接接头在NS4溶液中的应力腐蚀行为.电化学实验结果显示,X80管线钢及焊接接头在NS4溶液中的极化曲线具有典型的活性溶解特征.SSRT试验结果表明,随着外加电位的负移,断裂时间、断面收缩率、应变量都明显变小,X80管线钢及焊接接头的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性增加,应力腐蚀断口呈现穿晶准解理特征.施加相同外加电位时,焊接接头较母材的应力腐蚀敏感性增加,其断裂位置全部落在焊缝或HAZ处.     

H_2SO_4－NaCl溶液中奥氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂

在室温下研究了奥氏体不锈钢在Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４－ＮａＣｌ溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性．结果表明，应力腐蚀受外加电位和氯化物浓度的影响．在２．５（Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４）－０．２～０．６ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ￣（－３）（ＮａＣｌ）溶液中发生穿晶型应力腐蚀开裂，在极化曲线的活化。钝化过渡区电位区间发生腐蚀开裂。应力腐蚀开裂可归因于位错的滑移台阶出现而导致钝化膜的破裂，再经过选择性电化学溶解而产生．     

α-Ti在甲醇溶液中应力腐蚀敏感性和钝化膜应力随电位变化的一致性

利用α-Ti在甲醇溶液中恒电位腐蚀形成钝化膜前后流变应力之差可直接测量钝化膜引起的平均应力.用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究了钝化膜的成分.结果表明,当腐蚀电位V≥-240mV时,钝化膜产生拉应力,且随电位下降,膜致拉应力逐渐下降;当电位V≤-280mV时,钝化膜引起压应力.α-Ti在甲醇溶液中应力腐蚀(SCC)敏感性随外电位的变化和膜致应力的变化相一致.当膜致应力是压应力时,不发生SCC;随膜致拉应力升高,SCC敏感性也升高.     

阴极极化条件下X80钢及其焊缝的氢渗透行为

 钢中吸收的氢能导致其机械性能损失。采用电化学氢渗透技术,研究了阴极极化条件下X80管线钢及其焊缝在鹰潭土壤环境中氢渗透行为,并利用光学显微镜观察了实验后的试样形貌。结果表明,阴极极化条件下,氢在X80钢中的扩散行为既取决于阴极极化电位,又与显微组织结构有关。随着阴极极化程度增加,氢在X80管线钢中母材和焊缝的可扩散氢浓度和氢陷阱数逐渐增大,氢致开裂敏感性增加。X80钢焊缝氢致开裂敏感性高于母材。阴极极化程度低于-1000mV(SCE)时,母材和焊缝的析氢反应动力学不同。当阴极极化程度高于-1100mV(SCE)时,焊缝内氢压超过其塑性极限,氢鼓泡破裂。母材中氢浓度持续增加,氢鼓泡继续长大。母材中针状铁素体和珠光体对氢扩散的阻碍作用,大于焊缝热影响区粗大的贝氏体和熔合线先共析铁素体。     

Effect of hydrogen on the stress corrosion cracking behavior of X80 pipeline steel in Ku'erle soil simulated solution

Hydrogen was a key factor resulting in stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of X80 pipeline steel in Ku'erle soil simulated solution. In this article, the effect of hydrogen on the SCC susceptibility of X80 steel was investigated further by slow strain rate tensile test, the surface fractures were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the fracture mechanism of SCC was discussed. The results indicate that hydrogen increases the SCC susceptibility. The SEM micrographs of hydrogen precharged samples presents a brittle quasi-cleavage feature, and pits facilitate the transgranular crack initiation. In the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement, the decreased polarization resistance and the pitting resistance of samples with hydrogen indicate that hydrogen increases the dissolution rate and deteriorates the pitting corrosion resistance. The potentiodynamic polarization curves present that hydrogen also accelerates the dissolution rate of the crack tip.     

Effects of applied potential on the stress corrosion cracking behavior of 7003 aluminum alloy in acid and alkaline chloride solutions

Potentiodynamic polarization tests and slow strain rate test (SSRT) in combination with fracture morphology observations were conducted to investigate the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of 7003 aluminum alloy (AA7003) in acid and alkaline chloride solutions under various applied potentials (E_a). The results show that AA7003 is to a certain extent susceptible to SCC via anodic dissolution (AD) at open-circuit potential (OCP) and is highly susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) at high negative E_a in the solutions with pH levels of 4 and 11. The susceptibility increases with negative shift in the potential when E_a is less than -1000 mV vs. SCE. However, the susceptibility distinctly decreases because of the inhibition of AD when E_a is equal to -1000 mV vs. SCE. In addition, the SCC susceptibility of AA7003 in the acid chloride solution is higher than that in the alkaline solution at each potential. Moreover, the effect of hydrogen on SCC increases with increasing hydrogen ion concentration.     

Hydrogen induced cracking of X80 pipeline steel

The hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) behavior of X80 pipeline steel was studied by means of electrochemical charging, hydrogen permeation tests, tension test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results indicate that the increase of charging time and charging current density or the decrease of the solution pH value leads to an increase of the hydrogen content in X80 steel, which plays a key role in the initiation and propagation of HIC. It is found that the majority of macro-inclusions within the as-used X80 steel do not constitute a direct threat to HIC except aluminum oxides, which directly or indirectly lead to HIC. The hydrogen trap density at room temperature is estimated to be pretty high, and this is an essential reason why the steel is sensitive to HIC. After hydrogen charging, the elongation loss rate and area reduction of X80 steel decline obviously, taking a noticeable sign of hydrogen-induced plasticity damages. It is demonstrated that the losses of these plastic parameters have a linear relation to the fracture size due to hydrogen.     

X70异种钢焊接接头的电偶腐蚀行为

利用SEM和光学显微镜对X70异种钢焊接接头进行显微组织观察,并在模拟土壤溶液中测量各区极化曲线以及焊缝和X70钢以不同面积比偶合时的电偶腐蚀电流.结果表明,该接头熔合区很窄,无类马氏体存在,焊缝为细小树枝晶,Nb和Mo元素严重偏析于枝晶间,在实验溶液中该区呈钝化状态,具有优异的耐蚀性.热影响区粗晶区主要为粗大贝氏铁素体和分布不均匀的长条状M-A组元,而X70母材为细小贝氏体组织,二者腐蚀行为无明显差别,阳极极化电位超过150mV时前者的极化率略高于后者.在焊缝与X70的电偶腐蚀中,阴极反应受氧扩散控制,随阴/阳极面积比增大,X70腐蚀电流密度急剧增加,具有近似"汇集原理"的腐蚀特点,偶合时焊缝阴极极化电位很高,受到完全保护.     

SCC Susceptibility of Steel 16Mn in Nitrate Solution and Its Mechanism

The SCC (stress corrosion cracking) susceptibility of steel l6Mn in nitrate solution was studied. The results showed that applied potential polarization would accelerate(anodic polarization) or retard (cathodic polarization) the SCC process. The study on phase electrochemistry revealed that there was significant difference in electrochemical performance between ferrite and pearlite of steel 16Mn. Pearlite preferentially corroded under the action of galvanic cell. The observation on time and in situ showed that corrosion started first at the phaseboundary between ferrite and pearlite, and the pearlite gradually corroded until disappeared, and then corrosion crossed the phase boundary extending into the ferrite phase. According to this, an anodic dissolution mechanism of SCC was proposed, on which pre-existing sting active path and phase electrochemistry (PEAP-PEC) jointly came into action (SCC mechanism of PEAP-PEC).