卡拉胶固定化Nocardia sp.生产L(+)酒石酸

采用卡拉胶包埋具有环氧琥珀酸水解酶活性的诺卡氏菌菌体用于生产酒石酸。固定化的最适卡拉胶浓度为20 g/L,菌体浓度为200 g/L,交联剂戊二醛浓度为5 g/L,固定化后的酶活回收率可以达到70%。高浓度的环氧琥珀酸对水解反应产生抑制作用,游离细胞的米氏常数(Km)为0.234 m o l/L,抑制常数(KI)为0.22 m o l/L,固定化细胞则分别为0.31 m o l/L和0.21 m o l/L。游离细胞和固定化细胞反应的最适pH分别为8.0和8.5。细胞固定化以后,耐热稳定性增强。30°C 0.2m o l/L的底物浓度下,摇瓶中连续转化25批,L( )酒石酸的转化率接近100%。     

固定化诺卡氏菌批次连续转化生产L(+)酒石酸

采用卡拉胶包埋具有环氧琥珀酸水解酶活性的诺卡氏菌用于生产L( )酒石酸。为了提高细胞固定化的效率,采用自制的固定化装置,将固定化细胞制成细条状,可以加快固定化细胞的制备,获得具有高活性和强度的固定化细胞颗粒,固定化细胞的最佳菌体浓度为100 g(湿细胞)/L。将固定化细胞用于填充床反应器进行反复批式反应,可以反复利用48次以上,将0.85 mol/L的环氧琥珀酸溶液转化为L( )酒石酸,酒石酸的得率不低于96%。     

酿酒酵母表面展示脂肪酶LipB52的酶学性质

酿酒酵母表面展示脂肪酶重组菌株EBY100-pLHJ026在含半乳糖(20 g/L)的YNB-CAA培养基中进行诱导表达,脂肪酶在诱导48 h时酶活达到最高。以不同碳链长度的对硝基苯酚酯为底物对全细胞酶活进行性质检测,结果表明:对硝基苯酚癸酸酯(C10)为最适反应底物;全细胞脂肪酶在pH 8.0时的最适反应温度为37℃,在60℃保温2 h酶活保持90%,在60℃保温3 h酶活保持55%,表现出较好的热稳定性。在等体积二甲基亚砜中处理3 h后酶活保持28.4%。     

PGA在含环氧活性基的多孔高聚物载体上的固定化及修饰

研究了青霉素G酰化酶(PGA)在含环氧活性基的多孔高聚物载体上的固定化及修饰,优化固定化条件为1 mol/L,pH 8.0的磷酸钾缓冲体系,每克载体(湿重)投酶量为500~550 U,30℃下150 r/min固定化36~48 h,得到的固定化酶表观酶活为每克载体(湿重)177 U,表观酶活回收率35%。固定化酶经巯基乙醇修饰后提高了热稳定性。固定化酶水解青霉素G的最适pH为9.0,最适温度为47℃,在pH 4~9,40℃以下稳定。固定化酶的各项性能均优于游离酶。     

青枯雷尔氏菌龙胆酸1,2-双加氧酶基因的克隆、表达和酶性质的研究

本研究克隆、表达了青枯雷尔氏菌GMI1000菌株中编码龙胆酸1,2-双加氧酶的基因, 并通过亲和层析对该酶进行了纯化, SDS-PAGE结果表明该酶亚基约为38kDa.该酶的最适反应温度和最适pH分别为30℃和7.5.该酶的Km为56μmol/L,pI为4.6～4.8.纯化后的龙胆酸1,2-双加氧高度不稳定:4℃下放置72h即失去85%的酶活. 甘油和β-巯基乙醇可稳定该酶酶活,在添加10%(体积比)甘油至酶液(50mmol/L, pH 7.3的磷酸盐缓冲液保存)后,-20℃保藏2周后均能检出明显的酶活.0.1～1mmol/L Fe2 可以激活或者稳定该酶的酶活.Na ,K ,Mg2 和Ca2 (分别为1～2mmol/L)对该酶的酶活无明显的影响.Mn2 ,Zn2 和Fe3 的添加量超过2mmol/L时,酶活急剧下降.1mmol/L的Cu2 即使该酶失去酶活.     

固定化木瓜蛋白酶的研究及其应用

从8种载体材料中选取自制的氨基含量约2．878mmol/g的甲壳质作为固定化载体,采用吸附交联法,以戊二醛为交联剂,对木瓜蛋白酶进行固定化。17．5mg/g的固定化酶／载体比较,pH6.5,5℃下,先吸附10min,再以0．7％的戊二醛终浓度交联12h,所得固定化酶酶活回收可达52．0％,酶活力为3．54U／g。固定化酶在65℃以下,溶液酶在55℃以下稳定;固定化酶在pH7.0以下稳定,溶液酶在pH6.0以下稳定;5℃条件下,固定化酶贮藏半衰期为183d;以酪蛋白为底物,固定化酶的操作半衰期可达27d。用固定化酶水解甲壳胺,产物分子量小于10 000的甲壳胺低聚糖得率约为45．55％。     

一株来源于酒曲的纤溶酶产生菌的鉴定及其酶学性质

从酒曲中分离到一株纤溶酶产生菌,经形态及ITS序列分析鉴定为菊芋小孢根霉(Rhizopus microsporus var.tuberosus).酶学性质研究表明,该纤溶酶的最适作用温度为37,℃,最适作用pH为7.0.在37,℃保温4,h酶活力仍保存95%,57,℃下保温4,h后仍有一定酶活.该酶具有广泛的酸碱适应性,在pH<3.4时仍残留部分活性;最稳定的pH范围是6～8.Zn2+、Cu2+对酶活有抑制作用,Na+、Ca2+、Mn2+对酶活具有明显的促进作用.该酶在人工肠液中具有较好的稳定性,37℃保温4 h后残余酶活仍然保持在80%以上,有望制成注射剂应用于临床.     

极耐热内切葡聚糖酶Cel12B的基因克隆、表达和酶学性质的研究

极耐热酶在工业生产中有可观的潜在用途，为此从极端嗜热厌氧细菌海柄热袍菌中通过PCR方法克隆出Cel12B基因，构建重组表达质粒pET-20b-Cel12B，转化至大肠杆菌JM109（DE3）诱导表达后，获得极耐热重组内切葡聚糖酶．经过热处理和组氨酸亲和层析柱纯化，获得电泳纯单一条带，酶学性质测定表明：最适作用pH为6．0，最适作用温度90℃，在pH5．3～6.5之间酶活力稳定，90℃半衰期70min。     

低浓度尿素对橡胶籽β-葡萄糖苷酶活性和稳定性的影响

为了促进橡胶籽资源的充分利用,本研究以橡胶籽β-葡萄糖苷酶为研究对象,通过对其添加不同浓度的尿素后,测定了β-葡萄糖苷酶残余酶的活性变化,探讨了尿素对β-葡萄糖苷酶活性及其热稳定性的影响,同时以内源荧光光谱分析法研究了不同浓度的尿素对酶结构的影响.结果表明,添加低浓度的尿素时,β-葡萄糖苷酶水解p NPG的活力上升,极限温度下其失活半衰期也得以延长,72℃下等电点纯化β-葡萄糖苷酶的热失活半衰期延长47. 62%;当在β-葡萄糖苷酶溶液中添加高浓度尿素时,酶活下降明显,72℃下其失活半衰期缩短30%.荧光光谱显示,添加低浓度尿素时所引起的酶蛋白结构的变化更利于蛋白结构的稳定;低浓度尿素作用下β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性和稳定性提升,这可能是由于蛋白结构的变化有利于酶与底物的相互作用,从而致使酶活提升的缘故;此外,由于该结构较为稳定,因此热处理时其稳定性较高.     

Klebsiella sp.GXK-1的α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的酶学性质

【目的】克隆、表达克雷伯氏菌Klebsiellasp.GXK-1菌株中的α-L-鼠李糖苷酶基因,并研究重组酶的酶学性质。【方法】比对分析GenBank数据库中克雷伯氏菌同属的α-L-鼠李糖苷酶基因序列,设计简并引物PCR扩增基因的保守区。扩增目的基因,以pSE380为表达载体构建重组质粒pSE-rha1,并在大肠杆菌E.coli XL-blue进行诱导表达,使用镍亲和层析纯化重组蛋白,研究目的蛋白RHA1的酶学性质。【结果】以pNPR为底物,进行重组酶酶学性质的研究。重组酶RHA1的最适pH值和最适温度分别为5.0和45℃,Km值为(0.223±0.030)mmol/L,V_(max)值为(1.272±0.121)μmol/(min·mg)。在pH值为6~10的缓冲液内酶活力仍保持在80%以上;在温度为40℃以下时,酶活较为稳定,但在温度高于40℃时酶活力迅速下降。RHA1能水解pNPR、橙皮苷和芦丁。【结论】RHA1具有良好的pH稳定性,不仅能够水解人工底物pNPR,还能够水解α-1,6键的天然底物橙皮苷和芦丁,具有一定的医疗应用价值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the