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1.
Ohira K 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2011,68(10):1645-1656
It has been accepted that new neurons are added to the olfactory bulb and the hippocampal dentate gyrus throughout life in
the healthy adult mammalian brain. Recent studies have clarified that brain insult raises the proliferation of neural stem
cells/neural progenitor cells existing in the subventricular zone and the subgranular zone, which become sources of new neurons
for the olfactory bulb and the dentate gyrus, respectively. Interestingly, convincing data has shown that brain insult invokes
neurogenesis in various brain regions, such as the hippocampal cornu ammonis region, striatum, and cortex. These reports suggest
that neural stem cells/neural progenitor cells, which can be activated by brain injury, might be broadly located in the adult
brain or that new neurons may migrate widely from the neurogenic regions. This review focuses on brain insult-induced neurogenesis
in the mammalian forebrain, especially in the neocortex. 相似文献
2.
Namasivayam Ravi Luis Sanchez-Guardado Carlos Lois Wolfgang Kelsch 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2017,74(5):849-867
The mammalian olfactory bulb is a forebrain structure just one synapse downstream from the olfactory sensory neurons and performs the complex computations of sensory inputs. The formation of this sensory circuit is shaped through activity-dependent and cell-intrinsic mechanisms. Recent studies have revealed that cell-type specific connectivity and the organization of synapses in dendritic compartments are determined through cell-intrinsic programs already preset in progenitor cells. These progenitor programs give rise to subpopulations within a neuron type that have distinct synaptic organizations. The intrinsically determined formation of distinct synaptic organizations requires factors from contacting cells that match the cell-intrinsic programs. While certain genes control wiring within the newly generated neurons, other regulatory genes provide intercellular signals and are only expressed in neurons that will form contacts with the newly generated cells. Here, the olfactory system has provided a useful model circuit to reveal the factors regulating assembly of the highly structured connectivity in mammals. 相似文献
3.
Nestin expression – a property of multi-lineage progenitor cells? 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Wiese C Rolletschek A Kania G Blyszczuk P Tarasov KV Tarasova Y Wersto RP Boheler KR Wobus AM 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2004,61(19-20):2510-2522
Tissue-specific progenitor cells are characterized by proliferation and differentiation, but, in contrast to embryonic stem (ES) cells, have limited capacities for self-renewal and no tumourigenic potential. These latter traits make progenitor cells an ideal source for regenerative cell therapies. In this review, we describe what is currently known about nestin, an intermediate filament first identified in neuroepithelial stem cells. During embryogenesis, nestin is expressed in migrating and proliferating cells, whereas in adult tissues, nestin is mainly restricted to areas of regeneration. We show that nestin is abundant in ES-derived progenitor cells that have the potential to develop into neuroectodermal, endodermal and mesodermal lineages. Although it remains unclear what factors regulate in vitro and in vivo expression of nestin, we conclude that nestin represents a characteristic marker of multi-lineage progenitor cells and suggest that its presence in cells may indicate multi-potentiality and regenerative potential. 相似文献
4.
Marta Bolos Carlos Spuch Lara Ordoñez-Gutierrez Francisco Wandosell Isidro Ferrer Eva Carro 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2013,70(15):2787-2797
β-amyloid (Aβ) can promote neurogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo, by inducing neural progenitor cells to differentiate into neurons. The choroid plexus in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is burdened with amyloid deposits and hosts neuronal progenitor cells. However, neurogenesis in this brain tissue is not firmly established. To investigate this issue further, we examined the effect of Aβ on the neuronal differentiation of choroid plexus epithelial cells in several experimental models of AD. Here we show that Aβ regulates neurogenesis in vitro in cultured choroid plexus epithelial cells as well as in vivo in the choroid plexus of APP/Ps1 mice. Treatment with oligomeric Aβ increased proliferation and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells in cultured choroid plexus epithelial cells, but decreased survival of newly born neurons. These Aβ-induced neurogenic effects were also observed in choroid plexus of APP/PS1 mice, and detected also in autopsy tissue from AD patients. Analysis of signaling pathways revealed that pre-treating the choroid plexus epithelial cells with specific inhibitors of TyrK or MAPK diminished Aβ-induced neuronal proliferation. Taken together, our results support a role of Aβ in proliferation and differentiation in the choroid plexus epithelial cells in Alzheimer’s disease. 相似文献
5.
Glejzer A Laudet E Leprince P Hennuy B Poulet C Shakhova O Sommer L Rogister B Wislet-Gendebien S 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2011,68(12):2101-2114
Recent studies have shown that neural crest-derived progenitor cells can be found in diverse mammalian tissues including tissues
that were not previously shown to contain neural crest derivatives, such as bone marrow. The identification of those "new" neural
crest-derived progenitor cells opens new strategies for developing autologous cell replacement therapies in regenerative medicine.
However, their potential use is still a challenge as only few neural crest-derived progenitor cells were found in those new
accessible locations. In this study, we developed a protocol, based on wnt1 and BMP2 effects, to enrich neural crest-derived
cells from adult bone marrow. Those two factors are known to maintain and stimulate the proliferation of embryonic neural
crest stem cells, however, their effects have never been characterized on neural crest cells isolated from adult tissues.
Using multiple strategies from microarray to 2D-DIGE proteomic analyses, we characterized those recruited neural crest-derived
cells, defining their identity and their differentiating abilities. 相似文献
6.
7.
Steinbeck JA Koch P Derouiche A Brüstle O 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2012,69(3):461-470
While the availability of pluripotent stem cells has opened new prospects for generating neural donor cells for nervous system
repair, their capability to integrate with adult brain tissue in a structurally relevant way is still largely unresolved.
We addressed the potential of human embryonic stem cell-derived long-term self-renewing neuroepithelial stem cells (lt-NES
cells) to establish axonal projections after transplantation into the adult rodent brain. Transgenic and species-specific
markers were used to trace the innervation pattern established by transplants in the hippocampus and motor cortex. In vitro,
lt-NES cells formed a complex axonal network within several weeks after the initiation of differentiation and expressed a
composition of surface receptors known to be instrumental in axonal growth and pathfinding. In vivo, these donor cells adopted
projection patterns closely mimicking endogenous projections in two different regions of the adult rodent brain. Hippocampal
grafts placed in the dentate gyrus projected to both the ipsilateral and contralateral pyramidal cell layers, while axons
of donor neurons placed in the motor cortex extended via the external and internal capsule into the cervical spinal cord and
via the corpus callosum into the contralateral cortex. Interestingly, acquisition of these region-specific projection profiles
was not correlated with the adoption of a regional phenotype. Upon reaching their destination, human axons established ultrastructural
correlates of synaptic connections with host neurons. Together, these data indicate that neurons derived from human pluripotent
stem cells are endowed with a remarkable potential to establish orthotopic long-range projections in the adult mammalian brain. 相似文献
8.
9.
Crabtree JW 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1999,56(7-8):683-700
The thalamus and cerebral cortex are linked together to form a vast network of interconnections. Different modes of interactions
among the cells in this network underlie different states of consciousness, such as wakefulness and sleep. Interposed between
the dorsal thalamus and cortex are the GABAergic neurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), which play a pivotal role
not only in switching between the awake and sleep states but also in sensory processing during the awake state. The visual,
somatosensory, and auditory sectors of TRN share many of the same organizational features. Each of these sectors contains
maps, which are related to its inputs and outputs, and organizational components called ‘slabs.’ It is proposed that, during
wakefulness, TRN is crucially involved in resetting the activity levels in sensory nuclei of the dorsal thalamus, which allows
the cortex to actively and periodically compare its on-going sensory processing with the available sensory information.
Received 11 May 1999; received after revision 15 July 1999; accepted 21 July 1999 相似文献
10.
Advances in our understanding of cardiac development have fuelled research into cellular approaches to myocardial repair of
the damaged heart. In this collection of reviews we present recent advances into the basic mechanisms of heart development
and the resident and non-resident progenitor cell populations that are currently being investigated as potential mediators
of cardiac repair. Together these reviews illustrate that despite our current knowledge about how the heart is constructed,
caution and much more research in this exciting field is essential. The current momentum to evaluate the potential for cardiac
repair will in turn accelerate research into fundamental aspects of myocardial biology. 相似文献
11.
S. H. Devoto 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1990,46(9):916-922
Summary The neuronal growth cone is a semi-autonomous portion of the developing neuron that is highly specialized for motile activity. Migrating neurons may share some features with neuronal growth cones. I review some of what has been learned about growth cone initiation, the differentiation of axons and dendrites, the role of the cytoskeleton in motility, the movements of membrane vesicles, the factors regulating the rate and direction of growth cone movement, and the further differentiation of growth cones as they enter the target area and initiate synaptogenesis. Where appropriate, I draw comparisons to what is known about the migration of neurons. 相似文献
12.
Iain R. Murray Christopher C. West Winters R. Hardy Aaron W. James Tea Soon Park Alan Nguyen Tulyapruek Tawonsawatruk Lorenza Lazzari Chia Soo Bruno Péault 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2014,71(8):1353-1374
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) can regenerate tissues by direct differentiation or indirectly by stimulating angiogenesis, limiting inflammation, and recruiting tissue-specific progenitor cells. MSCs emerge and multiply in long-term cultures of total cells from the bone marrow or multiple other organs. Such a derivation in vitro is simple and convenient, hence popular, but has long precluded understanding of the native identity, tissue distribution, frequency, and natural role of MSCs, which have been defined and validated exclusively in terms of surface marker expression and developmental potential in culture into bone, cartilage, and fat. Such simple, widely accepted criteria uniformly typify MSCs, even though some differences in potential exist, depending on tissue sources. Combined immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and cell culture have allowed tracking the artifactual cultured mesenchymal stem/stromal cells back to perivascular anatomical regions. Presently, both pericytes enveloping microvessels and adventitial cells surrounding larger arteries and veins have been described as possible MSC forerunners. While such a vascular association would explain why MSCs have been isolated from virtually all tissues tested, the origin of the MSCs grown from umbilical cord blood remains unknown. In fact, most aspects of the biology of perivascular MSCs are still obscure, from the emergence of these cells in the embryo to the molecular control of their activity in adult tissues. Such dark areas have not compromised intents to use these cells in clinical settings though, in which purified perivascular cells already exhibit decisive advantages over conventional MSCs, including purity, thorough characterization and, principally, total independence from in vitro culture. A growing body of experimental data is currently paving the way to the medical usage of autologous sorted perivascular cells for indications in which MSCs have been previously contemplated or actually used, such as bone regeneration and cardiovascular tissue repair. 相似文献
13.
During the development of the neocortex, neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation occur in two separate locations. Thus
neurons have to migrate through the future white matter. Arrested or excessive migration leads neurons to differentiate in
a heterotopic position. Such neuronal migration disorders (NMDs) occur sporadically in normal development but are markedly
increased as a consequence of genetic defects or after exposure to toxic drugs during the period of migration. Anatomofunctional
studies in rodents with NMDs have revealed that heterotopic neurons form essentially normal afferent and efferentconnections,
which has been interpreted as evidence that the connectionpattern of cortical neurons is specified prior to migration. In
addition, recent data show that heterotopic neurons can be contacted by environmental, that is local, fibres that normally
never innervate the neocortex. This dual connectivity leads heterotopias to form bridges between their environmental and original
network. Such an abnormal pattern of connectivity could contribute to the pathophysiology of disorders associated with NMDs
such as epilepsy.
Received 16 December 1998; received after revision 5 February 1999; accepted 9 February 1999 相似文献
14.
生物的立体感知是由一个层级网络完成的:从初级视皮层到高层区域,神经元感受野逐步增大,局部立体感知逐步变为全局立体感知.视皮层中存在大量对视差敏感的神经元,其中V1区单个神经元的视差选择特性可用视差能量模型来描述.文中从生物的立体感知过程出发,提出了一种计算图像视差的层级模型,主要贡献有:(1)提出了一种符合心理学实验结果的归一化视差能量模型,减弱了图像对比度变化对神经元视差响应能量的影响;(2)利用视皮层视差功能柱的性质,提出了一种不同倾向视差神经元的汇聚方法;(3)根据不同脑皮层之间的连接关系,提出了一种两层网络结构来解决V1区神经元编码视差的歧义问题.文中方法可以有效提高纹理重复和纹理不丰富区域的视差计算精度. 相似文献
15.
16.
G. Tear 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1999,55(11):1365-1376
A key feature of the central nervous system of most higher organisms is their bilateral symmetry about the midline. The specialised
cells that lie at the midline have an essential role in regulating the axon guidance decisions of both neurons that project
axons across the midline and those that project on one side. The midline cells produce both attractive and repellent short-
and long-range signals to guide axonal growth. The axons themselves express specific receptors that can be dynamically regulated
in response to midline-derived signals. In this way, axons extend toward or away from the midline and those that do cross
change their behaviour to respond to longitudinal signals on the contralateral side. 相似文献
17.
S. K. McConnell 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1990,46(9):922-929
Summary The determination of neuronal fate in the developing cerebral cortex has been studied by tracking normal cell lineages in the cortex, and by testing the commitment of young cortical neurons to their normal fates. These studies together suggest that neuronal progenitors are multipotent during development and have the potential to produce neurons destined for many or all of the cortical layers. However, the laminar identity of an individual neuron appears to be specified through environmental interactions at the time of the cell's temrinal mitotic division, prior to its migration into the cortical plate. 相似文献
18.
Mesenchymal stem cells and neural crest stem cells from adult bone marrow: characterization of their surprising similarities and differences 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Wislet-Gendebien S Laudet E Neirinckx V Alix P Leprince P Glejzer A Poulet C Hennuy B Sommer L Shakhova O Rogister B 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2012,69(15):2593-2608
19.
20.
S K McConnell 《Experientia》1990,46(9):922-929
The determination of neuronal fate in the developing cerebral cortex has been studied by tracking normal cell lineages in the cortex, and by testing the commitment of young cortical neurons to their normal fates. These studies together suggest that neuronal progenitors are multipotent during development and have the potential to produce neurons destined for many or all of the cortical layers. However, the laminar identity of an individual neuron appears to be specified through environmental interactions at the time of the cell's terminal mitotic division, prior to its migration into the cortical plate. 相似文献