乙酰胆碱酯酶在拟黑多刺蚁脑部的分布

用组织化学方法研究乙酰胆碱脂酶(Acetylcholine esterase,AChE)在拟黑多刺蚁(Polyrhachisvicina Roger)脑部分布.结果显示,AChE在拟黑多刺蚁脑部分布广泛,主要分布于后脑、咽下神经节、中脑,其次是前脑的中央复合体、视叶、蕈形体冠,前脑的蕈形体柄和叶分布最少;品级间比较显示,工蚁视叶和嗅叶分布较雌蚁和雄蚁的少,雌蚁中央复合体的分布多于其他品级.由该结果推测AChE可能参与拟黑多刺蚁视觉和嗅觉信息传递;根据AChE组织化学在临床上着色判别标准确定蕈形体冠是蕈形体的感觉信息输入区,而草形体的柄和叶是蕈形体的运动信息输出区.     

一氧化氮合酶在拟黑多刺蚁脑中的分布

一氧化氮作为一种重要的信使分子,参与调节昆虫嗅觉、视觉、机械感受、发育和机体防御.本文采用NADPH-黄递酶组织化学技术,观察了一氧化氮舍酶(NOS)在拟黑多刺蚁脑内的分布,结果表明,NOS在雄蚁和雌蚁的蕈形体、视叶、中央复合体及中脑后脑区均有分布,在工蚁中主要分布在视叶、中脑及后脑区,推测可能对蚂蚁的视觉、嗅觉、记忆及行为产生影响.     

不同品级拟黑多刺蚁(Polyrhachis vicina)脑部雌激素相关受体基因的表达

采用原位杂交方法对不同品级拟黑多刺蚁(Polyrhachis vicina)脑部雌激素相关受体pvERRmRNA的表达进行了检测.结果表明,pvERRmRNA在不同品级的蕈形体、附叶、视叶、中脑、食道下神经节和球状细胞中都有表达.蚁后蕈形体和球状细胞中pvERRmRNA的阳性表达最为明显;工蚁中脑pvERR mRNA的阳性反应强度明显高于蚁后和雄蚁;pvERR mRNA在雄蚁视叶中有较强的表达.pvERR mRNA在不同品级的拟黑多刺蚁脑部的表达差异可能与它们各自在蚁群中的功能和行为有关.     

中华蜜蜂（Apis cerana cerana）蜂王脑部结构的观察

通过HE染色方法,对中华蜜蜂（Apis cerana cerana）蜂王的脑部形态结构进行了显微观察.结果发现,蜂王珠前脑中具有较大的蕈形体,但在脑中所占的比例小于工蜂;中脑的触角叶明显小于工蜂,说明蜂王在学习、记忆和认知等行为方面不及工蜂.和其他昆虫相比,蜜蜂前脑中的蕈形体和视叶都较发达,这反映了社会性昆虫复杂社会行为的认知需求.     

雄激素受体类似物在拟黑多刺蚁脑部的表达和定位

采用免疫组织化学SABC染色方法,对雄激素受体类似物在拟黑多刺蚁的雄蚁与工蚁脑部的表达与分布进行了检测研究.检测结果显示,雄激素受体类似物在拟黑多刺蚁雄蚁与工蚁的蕈形体冠部、柄部、根部以及中央复合体均有分布,并推测该雄激素受体类似物可能对蚂蚁的学习记忆以及求偶进攻等行为有一定影响.     

拟黑多刺蚁对H22荷瘤鼠抑制肿瘤生长的初探

通过建立动物肿瘤模型,采用对比实验法,探讨拟黑多刺蚁对H22荷瘤鼠的抑瘤作用.结果表明:拟黑多刺蚁具有抑制H22肿瘤细胞的作用,并增强荷瘤鼠的免疫功能.     

拟黑多刺蚁体外抑瘤作用研究

目的　通过拟黑多刺蚁对体外S180 ,H2 2 ,YAC 1肿瘤细胞DNA合成影响及细胞毒性作用 ,研究该蚁抑瘤效应及机制 .方法　采用3H TdR掺入法和12 5I UdR释放法 .结果　拟黑多刺蚁对S180 ,H2 2 ,YAC 1肿瘤细胞DNA合成均有明显抑制作用 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其抑制作用随剂量增加而增强 .以对S180 肿瘤细胞抑制作用最显著 .同时证实 ,该蚁对YAC 1,S180 肿瘤细胞均有毒性作用 .结论　拟黑多刺蚁对肿瘤细胞具有直接杀伤和抑制生长的作用 .     

糖基化终末产物对正常大鼠肾脏的有害作用及拟黑多刺蚁醇提物抑制糖基化作用实验研究

目的研究糖基化终末产物对正常大鼠肾脏功能和结构的有害作用及拟黑多刺蚁醇提物对糖基化的抑制作用.方法用大鼠血清蛋白在体外进行糖基化反应,将反应2个月的糖基化血清蛋白(Glycation serum protein,GSP)经尾静脉注射Wistar大鼠体内,运用病理形态学、生物化学等方法重点观察了糖基化反应产物对正常大鼠肾脏功能、结构的影响,并从整体和肾脏糖基化、自由基及肾小球病变等方面探讨肾脏病变发生机制,为糖基化在DM肾病发病机制中的作用提供更直接的证据.并在体外建立糖基化体系,应用该体系,以氨基胍为阳性对照物,研究了拟黑多刺蚁醇提物抑制糖基化的作用.结果大鼠体外GSP注射后,可使健康大鼠血浆、肾皮质AGEs明显升高,肾脏功能和结构受到明显的改变,使红细胞及肾脏发生明显自由基代谢异常,这些改变与DM的改变极为相似,提示糖基化反应在DM肾病发病机制中可能起重要的作用.结论外源性给予GSP引起正常大鼠肾脏结构和功能明显损害,拟黑多刺蚁醇提物具有明显抑制糖基化的作用.     

蚂蚁食疗治病效果好

蚂蚁,又名玄驹,也称状元子。它是一种营养价值极高的药食用营养保健品。 我国有蚂蚁2000多种,其中可食用的有190多种,食用蚁中以产于云南、广西和大兴安岭一带的拟黑多刺蚁和产于山西吕梁山中的棕褐沙林红蚁效果最好。科学分析表明:蚂蚁含蛋白质45～     

拟黑多刺蚁、牡蛎提取物抗疲劳作用研究

探讨拟黑多刺蚁（Polyrhachis vicina Roger）、牡蛎（Ostreagigastnunb）提取物（蚁蛎提取物）抗疲劳的作用。选取正常雄性昆明种小鼠,随机分为空白对照组、蚁蛎提取物低、中、高剂量组,灌胃给药30 d,每天1次,观察小鼠负重游泳时间,血清尿素（UREA）、丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）水平及超氧化物歧化酶（Superocide dismutase,SOD）活性,研究蚁蛎提取物抗疲劳作用。结果发现,与空白对照组相比,蚁蛎提取物组小鼠负重游泳时间显著延长（P<0.05或P<0.01）;蚁蛎提取物低、高剂量组小鼠游泳后小鼠血清UREA浓度显著降低（P<0.05）;蚁蛎提取物各剂量组小鼠血清中的MDA含量和GSH活性均无显著性差异（P>0.05）,但MDA含量有下降的趋势,GSH活性有随着蚁蛎提取物浓度的提高而升高的趋势;蚁蛎提取物高剂量组可显著提高小鼠血清中的SOD活性（P<0.05）。蚁蛎提取物具有一定抗疲劳的作用,其机制可能与其抗氧化应激活性有关。     

厦门白鹭自然保护区鼎突多刺蚁(Polyrhachis vicina Roger)种群动态及分布

报告了福建厦门鸡屿上的鼎突多刺蚁(PolyrhachisvicinaRoger)的部分生物学特性及其分布,旨在为确定鼎突多刺蚁对厦门白鹭自然保护区鹭类的影响提供科学基础.结果表明,在岛上鹭类与鸢的主要栖息地都有这种蚁营巢.其集群的种群数量从冬季到夏季逐渐扩大,早秋开始后下降.在集群中,大部分个体集中于蚁巢中心部位.在岛屿的不同坡面和植被类型中,蚁巢密度差异较大.其对生境的选择与鹭类相似.因此,可以认为,鼎突多刺蚁与岛上的鹭类与鸢的主要营巢区密切相关.建议对岛上的蚁巢密度加以控制以保持厦门白鹭自然保护区鹭类的种群平衡.     

Disruption of neurotransmission in Drosophila mushroom body blocks retrieval but not acquisition of memory

Surgical, pharmacological and genetic lesion studies have revealed distinct anatomical sites involved with different forms of learning. Studies of patients with localized brain damage and work in rodent model systems, for example, have shown that the hippocampal formation participates in acquisition of declarative tasks but is not the site of their long-term storage. Such lesions are usually irreversible, however, which has limited their use for dissecting the temporal processes of acquisition, storage and retrieval of memories. Studies in bees and flies have similarly revealed a distinct anatomical region of the insect brain, the mushroom body, that is involved specifically in olfactory associative learning. We have used a temperature-sensitive dynamin transgene, which disrupts synaptic transmission reversibly and on the time-scale of minutes, to investigate the temporal requirements for ongoing neural activity during memory formation. Here we show that synaptic transmission from mushroom body neurons is required during memory retrieval but not during acquisition or storage. We propose that the hebbian processes underlying olfactory associative learning reside in mushroom body dendrites or upstream of the mushroom body and that the resulting alterations in synaptic strength modulate mushroom body output during memory retrieval.     

吉林省蚂蚁资源及其开发利用问题

在吉林省共获蚂蚁１８种，分隶于２亚科、１０属。优势种为黄墩蚁、异色草蚁、路舍蚁和双针蚁。可利用的资源种类主要有阿基隆林蚁、鼎突多刺蚁、日本弓背蚁、黄墩蚁、异色草蚁和血红林蚁等。蚂蚁机体富含蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素、微量元素及多种生物活性物质，具有较高的食用、药用价值。     

A new area in the brain associated with learning and memory

A new subdivision, named marginal division (MrD)> consisting of spindle-shaped neurons, has been identified at the caudomedial margin of the neostriatum in the brains of the rat, cat, monkey and human. It is distinguishable from the rest of striatum by special neural connections and many intensely expressed neuropeptides and some monoamines in the fibers, terminals and neuronal somata. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the rat brain reveals that the MrD is a flat pan-shaped area between the neostriatum and globus pal-lidus. Chemical lesions of bilateral MrD in rats will result in severely impaired learning and memory functions, as was demonstrated by double blind Y-maze test. The function of MrD has been shown to be associated with learning and memory by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRl) technique in human brain in vivo . Functional neuronal connections are observed between the MrD and hippocampus, amygdala, as well as the basal nucleus of Meynert by chemically induced c-Fos immunohistochemical staining. MrD is a newly discovered part and a universal structure in the neostriatum of the mammalian brain. MrD might very possibly play an important role in processes of the learning and memory.     

Adult neural stem cells-Functional potential and therapeutic applications

The adult brain has been thought traditionally as a structure with a very limited regenerative capacity. It is now evident that neurogenesis in adult mammalian brain is a prevailing phenomenon. Neural stem cells with the ability to self-renew, differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes reside in some regions of the adult brain. Adult neurogenesis can be stimulated by many physiological factors including pregnancy. More strikingly, newborn neurons in hippocampus integrally function with local neurons, thus neural stem cells might play important roles in memory and learning function. It seems that neural stem cells could transdifferentiate into other tissues, such as blood cells and muscles. Although there are some impediments in this field, some attempts have been made to employ adult neural stem cells in the cell replacement therapy for traumatic and ischemic brain injuries.     

大豆磷脂对小鼠学习记忆及脑内SOD和脂褐素含量的影响

研究了大豆磷脂对小鼠学习记忆及脑内S0D活性和脂褐素含量的影响。结果表明，大豆磷脂能提高小鼠在新环境中的镇静能力，显著增强小鼠的学习能力，但对其记忆保持能力无明显的影响；能显著提高小鼠脑中S0D活性，极显著地降低小鼠脑中丙二醛的含量，但对小鼠脑中脂褐素的含量没有明显的影响。说明大豆磷脂具有抗衰益智的作用，作为食品添加剂和保健食品具有良好的应用前景。