三峡库区消落带分区固土护岸模式

三峡库区消落带是库区陆域与水库之间生态过渡的缓冲带,在生态系统中发挥着极重要的作用,也是生态系统极度脆弱的地区之一。保护三峡水库,使三峡工程有效运转,是该地区生态环境保护的当务之急。本文以消落带为研究对象,依据消落带功能及生态环境特点,论述了植被恢复与重建对消落带固土护岸的重要性,总结了固土护岸的植被技术及其与小型工程措施相结合的治理方法,并因地制宜地提出了消落带分区固土护岸模式,以期促进该模式的推广和应用,从而为长江三峡库区消落带的生态恢复与重建提供经验及技术支撑。     

Trading zones and interactional expertise

The phrase ‘trading zone’ is often used to denote any kind of interdisciplinary partnership in which two or more perspectives are combined and a new, shared language develops. In this paper we distinguish between different types of trading zone by asking whether the collaboration is co-operative or coerced and whether the end-state is a heterogeneous or homogeneous culture. In so doing, we find that the voluntary development of a new language community—what we call an inter-language trading zone—represents only one of four possible configurations. In developing this argument we show how different modes of collaboration result in different kinds of trading zone, how different kinds of trading zone may be ‘nested’ inside each other and discuss how a single collaboration might move between different kinds of trading zone over time. One implication of our analysis is that interactional expertise is a central component of at least one class of trading zone.     

Involutive morphological modifications in the rat adrenal glomerular zone after a low-sodium diet

Summary We have studied glomerular zone involution in the rat's adrenal gland after a period of hyperfunction brought about by a low-sodium diet. The changes observed in this zone affect those organoids that are more directly involved in steroid genesis; mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and liposomes. The Golgi complexes appear very developed, often, showing, a positive acid phosphatase activity. Lysosomes suffered a considerable increase in their number, and carried out their digestive function on liposomes. All those changes discussed here are seen as an accomodation of this zone to the new normofunctional situation.     

Coated vesicles in the rat adrenal glomerular zone after a low-sodium diet

Summary In rats subjected to a low-sodium diet, a great activity was observed of the coated vesicles at Golgi complex and cell surfaces of glomerular adrenal zone. These findings are related to the function of these organoids in the uptake and transport of necessary substances under stimulating conditions of the zone.     

Migration intercinétique dans la placode olfactive chez l'embryon de poulet interkinetic nuclear migration in nasal placode

Summary Cells of nasal placode of chick embryos were studied with thymidine H³ and autoradiography. Our results shown, that the nuclei in the nasal placode synthesize DNA in the outer zone, then migrate toward the inner zone to undergo division and subsequently return to the outer zone.     

The evolution of a trading zone: a case study of the turtle excluder device

This paper explores the evolution of a trading zone by organizing the case study of turtle excluder devices within the model proposed by Collins et al. (2007). The case study offers evidence that trading zones do evolve and that the concepts of enforced and fractionated trading zones hold practical utility for describing and defining the complexities of actual exchanges. In this case a trading zone evolved from enforced to fractionated and ultimately diverged into two trading zones. For each step of the evolution I describe the forces that drove these transitions. Finally, I present an adapted trading zone model that is conceptually a better fit for the turtle excluder device case study.     

The landing zone – Ground for model transfer in chemistry

This essay proposes a new notion - the landing zone - in order to identify conceptual features that allow modelers to transfer mathematical tools across disciplinary borders. This discussion refers to the transferable models as ‘templates’. Templates are functions, equations, or computational methods that are capable of being generalized from a particular subject matter. There are formal and conceptual prerequisites for the transfer of a template to a new domain. A landing zone is an ontology that contributes to the satisfaction of these conditions for successful transfer. This paper presents a case study on a model in chemistry - the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) - that makes use of transferred templates from physics - the virial theorem and the wave function. The landing zone in this case is a new ontological notion, that of the topological atom, which prepares ground for the use of the virial theorem and the wave function in chemistry. The virial theorem requires that there exists in-principle stability to the system that it represents, and the wave function requires transformation in its representation that is justified. The ontology of QTAIM - the landing zone for these templates - grounds the scientific use of these templates in the context of chemistry.     

Autoradiographic study of a bacterial colony. Application to the effects of polymyxin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies]

The autoradiograph of a colony of Ps. a. which has been transferred, during growth, on a medium added with polymyxin and tritiate leucin makes it possible to locate an upper zone with a high metabolic activity and a basal zone with no metabolic activity. The latter, which consists of lysed cells, acts probably as a selective filter against the drug.     

Formation of the B cell synapse: retention or recruitment?

Interaction of B cells with membrane antigen results in the formation of the B cell synapse: the B cell receptor (BCR) and antigen concentrate in the contact zone while CD45/B220 and the phosphatase SHP-1 are excluded. This study shows that, unlike in T cells, synapse formation does not require active transport processes (while subsequent antigen extraction and IgM downregulation do). The synapse architecture depends on the available protein ligands in the contact zone. Thus Syk, IgM and Fc receptor accumulation require the presence of ITAM-bearing BCRs, membrane antigen and membrane (IgG-containing) immune complexes, respectively. Remarkably, non-bound proteins are frequently not only homogeneously distributed but excluded from the contact zone. These results suggest that proteins mainly reach the contact zone by undirected diffusion, and in order not to be expelled by molecular crowding they require capture by and fixation to a binding protein.Received 25 August 2004; received after revision 2 November 2004; accepted 17 November 2004     

An evolutionarily conserved mechanism for presynaptic trapping

Presynaptic differentiation takes place over three interrelated acts involving the biogenesis and trafficking of molecular complexes of active zone material, the “trapping” or stabilization of active zone sites, and the subsequent development of mature synapses. Although the identities of proteins involved with establishing presynaptic specializations have been increasingly delineated, the exact functional mechanisms by which the active zone is assembled remain poorly understood. Here, we discuss a theoretical model for how the trapping stage of presynaptic differentiation might occur in developing neurons. We suggest that subsets of active zone proteins containing polyglutamine domains undergo concentration-dependent prion-like conversions as they accumulate at the plasma membrane. This conversion might serve to aggregate the proteins into a singular structure, which is then able to recruit scaffolding agents necessary for regulated synaptic transmission. A brief informatics analysis in support of this ‘Q’ assembly hypothesis—across commonly used models of synaptogenesis—is presented.     

Thixotropic effect and electro-osmosis as possible factors of membrane electrical excitability]

Cation motion under the electrical field might break the membrane structure. In the temporary wake of each cation conductivity would be increased. Thus a zone of negative resistance would occur in the intensity-voltage relation. Membrane dehydration, due to electro-osmosis, might induce repeated flip-flops of current at the limits of the negative resistance zone.     

The presynaptic cytomatrix of brain synapses

Synapses are principal sites for communication between neurons via chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are released from presynaptic nerve terminals at the active zone, a restricted area of the cell membrane situated exactly opposite to the postsynaptic neurotransmitter reception apparatus. At the active zone neurotransmitter-containing synaptic vesicles (SVs) dock, fuse, release their content and are recycled in a strictly regulated manner. The cytoskeletal matrix at the active zone (CAZ) is thought to play an essential role in the organization of this SV cycle. Several multi-domain cytoskeleton-associated proteins, including RIM, Bassoon, Piccolo/Aczonin and Munc-13, have been identified, which are specifically localized at the active zone and thus are putative molecular components of the CAZ. This review will summarize our present knowledge about the structure and function of these CAZ-specific proteins. Moreover, we will review our present view of how the exocytotic and endocytic machineries at the site of neurotransmitter release are linked to and organized by the presynaptic cytoskeleton. Finally, we will summarize recent progress that has been made in understanding how active zones are assembled during nervous system development.     

Séparation sur séphadex G 100 de facteurs mucicriniques et mucimitiginiques à partir d'un extrait de muqueuse duodénale

Summary The mucicrin stimulating the hexosamine gastrointestinal secretion and extracted from porcine duodenum, was concentrated in the zone 7 using sephadex G 100. The molecular weight of 4000–5000 corresponds to this zone. An opposite activity was detected in zone 3. The factor from digestive mucous origin being able to diminish the hexosamine gastric secretion and not influencing the arterial pressure was called mucimitigin. The molecular weight of about 35000 corresponds to this factor.     

国际临界带研究发展回顾与美国临界带研究进展介绍

基于对临界带国际发展态势的分析，梳理了临界带的概念；回顾了国际临界带研究的发展历程；并重点对美国在临界带研究方面的进展及其已经部署的6个临界带观测站进行了详细的介绍。     

Concordant change in mitochondrial and nuclear genes in a hybrid zone between two frog species (genusBombina)

Summary In contrast to results in other studies, nuclear and mitochondrial genes were found to change concordantly in a transect across the hybrid zone betweenBombina bombina andBombina variegata. mtDNAs of both species are found in populations in the central part of the zone, whereas populations at its margins contain mtDNA corresponding to nuclear genomes.     

Immunohistochemical identification, in an anuran amphibian (Xenopus laevis Daud.) of infundibular neurons reacting with antigastrin serum]

Neurons containing peptides immunocytologically related to gastrin have been revealed by immuno-cytology in the post-chiasmatic hypothalamus of Xenopus laevis. Their pericarya are localized in the postero-dorsal zone of the pars ventralis of the tuber cinereum; their axons end on the capillaries of the external zone of the median eminence.     

Time course of the regeneration of the endplate zone after autologous muscle transplantation

Reinnervation of transplanted muscles occurs in 2 steps. During the first 5 months the motor axon terminals innervate primarily the border of the original endplate zone, re-establishing its previous outline. In the next 4 months, by further ramifying of the axons, new nerve-muscle contacts are formed exclusively within the boundaries of this zone.     

Time course of the regeneration of the endplate zone after autologous muscle transplantation

Summary Reinnervation of transplanted muscles occurs in 2 steps. During the first 5 months the motor axon terminals innervate primarily the border of the original endplate zone, re-establishing its previous outline. In the next 4 months, by further ramifying of the axons, new nerve-muscle contacts are formed exclusively within the boundaries of this zone.     

经济-资源-环境系统自组织演化的新模型

经济-资源-环境（ERE）系统是个典型的开放复杂自组织系统，将广义信息熵的概念引入复杂ERE系统，建立其普适的结构自组织演化方程，形成了复杂系统建模新方法，可揭示复杂ERE系统中多主体作用动力学及结构自组织演化过程。以国家可持续发展实验区ERE发展模式为例，根据1994～2005年指标数据，对其发展演化过程做了具体的模拟研究，揭示了实验区规划的实施对可持续发展系统的改进和完善是一个复杂的自组织过程.     

河岸缓冲带不同植被配置对铵氮去除效果研究

在沈阳市郊浑河和蒲河两岸开展不同植被配置方式下，开展河岸植被缓冲带对地表径流中铵氮污染消减研究。结果表明：河岸植被缓冲带越宽，水中铵氮浓度越高，其对地表径流中铵氮的消减作用越明显；天然植被比人工植被能更好的去除铵氮污染物；当污染浓度升高时，林草混合配置的植被带对铵氮表现出较好的消减率；人工林草地和天然林草地对铵氮的平均消减率分别为31％和25．9％，最高消减率分别为57．9％和63．3％，最高消减率均发生在7m宽度河岸带上，而人工林地对铵氮的消减效果较差。实验结果能够应用于指导自然河岸带的生态保护与人工河岸植被带的建设。