Linear theory of the response of Na mixing ratio to gravity waves

The influence of gravity waves on the sodium layer is studied by using a linear photochemical-dynamical coupling gravity wave model. The model includes the back-ground photochemistry and the photochemical reactions in the sodium layer. The amplitude and phase difference of the response of sodium mixing ratio to gravity waves are calculated. The results indicate that the lower part of sodium layer is the most sensitive region responding to gravity waves. The perturbation of sodium mixing ratio is in phase with temperature in the lower part of the layer. However, it is out of phase with temperature fluctuation in the upper part.     

Effects of gravity waves on the distributions of O3 and OH in the mesopause region

A dynamical-photochemical model of atmospheric gravity waves is used to study the influences of gravity waves on distributions of atmospheric minor species through transportation and photochemical reactions. We mainly study the effect of gravity waves on the distributions of atmospheric trace gases through the nonlinear photochemical reactions. O₃ and OH are taken as examples in this note. The calculations indicate that the effect of gravity waves on the distributions of atmospheric trace gases is mainly through the nonlinear photochemical reactions in the mesopause region. The contribution of the nonlinear photochemical reaction caused by gravity waves can exceed the nonlinear transportation and the eddy diffusion.     

壁面绿化及热效应对浅型街谷内污染物扩散与转化的影响研究

采用经风洞实验验证的CFD数值模型,就壁面绿化和热效应对浅型街谷内污染物扩散和NO_x-O₃光化学转化的影响开展研究。考虑了4种壁面受热模式以及4种叶面积密度的壁面绿化模式,并采用臭氧消耗率衡量光化学反应的剧烈程度。结果表明,壁面受热会改变街道峡谷内的流动结构,背风面受热和地面受热能够增加峡谷内顺时针旋涡的尺度,迎风面受热会削弱该旋涡的尺度,全壁面受热则会破坏旋涡结构。壁面绿化的设置能够有效降低峡谷内平均温度,促进峡谷内旋涡结构的重构,并且不同程度降低平均臭氧消耗率。因此,壁面绿化对缓解城市热岛效应和光化学污染具有积极的意义。     

NCEP/NCAR(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)和ERA40再分析加热资料比较

 气候统计和诊断分析常用到NCEP-1、NCEP-2和ERA 40再分析资料。其中的加热资料为C类资料,对其使用常常存疑。对上述3类资料中的垂直积分的总加热率和地表感热通量进行比较,以分析其在亚洲地区特别是在高原和亚洲热带地区的适用性。结果表明：垂直积分的总非绝热加热在空间分布上三套资料基本一致,NCEP两套资料在大值中心的分布上相似,但量值上NCEP-2和ERA-40比较接近,此外ERA-40在青藏高原南缘的加热估算比NCEP大;对于青藏高原区域平均的非绝热加热,无论是季节变化还是年际变率,三套资料在量级以及变化趋势上都有较好的一致性,特别是平均感热通量的年际变化,三者相关系数超过99％甚至99.9%置信度检验,因此对亚洲包括青藏高原地区使用再分析加热率资料,在一定程度上是合理可行的。     

HTR-10 蒸汽发生器密度波不稳定性分析

１０ＭＷ高温气冷实验堆（ＨＴＲ－１０）的蒸汽发生器为直流型、小盘管组件式结构,盘管弯曲半径小,工作压力为中压范围,由此而带来两相流体流动的不稳定性问题是ＨＴＲ－１０蒸汽发生器研究的主要问题。介绍了用Ｋｈａｂｅｎｓｋｙ等方法分析ＨＴＲ－１０蒸汽发生器的密度波不稳定性。分析了入口欠热度、入口节流度、加热功率、质量流量、系统压力、热负荷及出口蒸汽干度等对ＨＴＲ－１０蒸汽发生器密度波脉动的影响。分析表明在ＨＴＲ－１０蒸汽发生器设计工况下不会发生密度波脉动。     

低频Alfvén波与等离子体的非共振相互作用

采用单粒子模型,对两支左旋极化低频Alfvén波与等离子体的非共振相互作用进行粒子模拟,讨论了三种不同波幅时垂直与平行方向的加热效果,在非共振加热阶段,加热效果与波幅有关,波幅越大效果越好;而经过随机加热后,粒子动力学温度的最大值仅由外加磁场的能量密度与等离子体密度的比值决定与Alfvén波幅无关.加热过程中,离子被加速最终获得一个相当于Alfvén波相速度大小的流速.     

重力热管壁温与传热特性的实验分析

使用FC-72、乙醇和水作为工质,根据热管各部分的温度变化,研究重力热管的启动、壁温波动和传热性能,分析工质对重力热管壁温和传热特性的综合影响.实验结果表明:重力热管在启动和运行过程中的壁温波动与内部工质和加热功率等因素相关,使用FC-72作为工质时,重力热管可在加热功率Q=10 W时平稳启动,以乙醇为工质时虽在启动中有温度波动但当加热功率升高时波动消失,而充有水的重力热管在小功率启动时温度波动较大,且存在温度波动的功率范围较广.所以FC-72或乙醇为工质时热管壁温稳定性较好;而以水作为工质时热管整体传热性能较好,冷凝热阻较小.同时蒸发段的轴向温度均匀性受工质类型和加热功率影响,在加热功率较小时,以FC-72为工质的热管蒸发段轴向均温性较差.     

First imaging observation of the gravity waves in the mesopause region in China

The first imaging observation experiment of the atmospheric gravity waves in the mesopause region with the all-sky OH Meinel band airglow CCD imager is made during 02:00 to 06:00 on January 5,2009,at Hancun (39.4°N,116.6°E),Langfang,Hebei in China.Quasi-monochromatic gravity waves (QMGWs) are found clearly in the observation data.Case studies show that their horizontal wavelengths,horizontal phase velocities,azimuth angles of horizontal propagation directions and periods of three QMGW examples are about 12....     

Thermal adaptation of the large-scale circulation to the summer heating over the Tibetan Plateau

The potential vorticity equation is employed to diagnose the variation in the large-scale atmospheric circulation in July by using the NCAR/NCEP daily reanalysis data from 1986 to 1995. Based on the theogy of thermal adaptation, the schematic diagram of the formation and maintenance of the circulation over the Tibetan Plateau is revealed in this paper. The result shows that near the surface of ground is the positive potential vorticity source produced by the increasing diabatic heating with height, which maintains the cyclonic circulation, and that the positive Ertel potential vorticitv (PV) source is balanced by friction dissipation. On the other hand, in the upper troposphere the negative PV produced by the decreasing diabatic heating with height maintains the anticyclone, and it is balanced by the divergence of the negative PV. The Gauss' theorem has been applied to analyze the Ertel potential vorticity flux crossing each of the lateral boundaries of the area over the Tibetan Plateau. The result shows that the negative PV flux is transferred through the eastern and northern boundaries of the area from the Tibetan Plateau region to the outer world. It is evident that the Tibetan Plateau region is an important source of negative vorticity of the atmosphere.     

Sodium fluorescence Doppler lidar to measure atmospheric temperature in the mesopause region

A sodium fluorescence Doppler lidar system has been developed to measure environmental parameters of the middle and upper atmosphere. The lidar system mainly comprises a transmitter system, receiver system, data acquisition and control system and data analysis system. A narrowband 589 nm laser is used to excite sodium atoms in the mesopause region. Excitation of the sodium atoms results in resonance fluorescence, which is collected by the receiver. The temperatures in the mesopause region (about 75?C105 km) can be derived by analyzing the Doppler-broadened width of the sodium fluorescence. Observations were made with the lidar system, and the number density of sodium atoms and atmospheric temperature profiles were extracted from the observation data. Comparisons of the lidar temperatures and TIMED/SABER temperatures show good agreement, illustrating the reliability of the sodium fluorescence Doppler lidar measurements.     

代数动力学方法研究倒立Caldirola-Kanai谐振子的时间演化

基于代数动力学的方法,研究了倒立Caldirola-Kanai谐振子的时间演化问题.计算得出了Caldirola-Kanai谐振子的一整套正交非绝热基矢.以高斯波包为初始态,利用这套正交非绝热基矢得到了任意时间的波函数.通过研究其居留时间并画出了居留时间和耗散参数的关系图形,可得出居留时间随耗散参数的增大而增大.     

考虑磁控管不稳定性的微波徳拜介质加热

实际工作中的磁控管输出微波的功率,相位和频率均是不稳定的.本文采用有限元(FEM)计算方法,结合蛙跳技术首次模拟了考虑磁控管不稳定性时微波对矩形谐振腔中徳拜介质的加热.结果表明,磁控管的不稳定性会严重影响到微波对矩形谐振腔体中徳拜介质的加热,尤其是被加热的介质物理尺寸较小的时候这种影响更为明显.磁控管的不稳定性还会影响到微波加热的可重复性,因此在设计微波化学反应器,计算以磁控管作为微波源的微波加热时必须要考虑磁控管的不稳定性.本文建议在研究微波化学反应机理时采用稳定性更好的固态源.     

旋转磁场作用下电弧螺旋不稳定性的数值研究

讨论了大气压、轴向磁场作用下电弧螺旋不稳定性。在给定电子温度分布情况下，采用双层准通道模型，通过数值求解电磁场方程以及质量守恒、动量守恒、能量守恒方程等，分别给出了短波和长波扰动下的色散关系。数值结果表明，粘滞力、轴向磁场约束对螺旋不稳定性具有抑制作用。     

广义相对论中引力场能动张量密度定义的重新研究

对引力场能动张量密度定义作了肯定，并对关系式的物理意义进行了讨论。     

重力热管伴热改善稠油井井筒传热损失的研究

根据重力热管作用原理,结合井筒传热过程,建立了稠油生产井中采用热管伴热方式时井筒热损失的计算模型,利用该模型分析了重力热管改善井筒热损失的原理。在此基础上,讨论了主要工艺参数对热管井井筒热损失的影响,结果表明：随着井底温度升高、产液量增加、热管下入深度加深,井筒热损失增大,其中,产液量对热损失的影响尤为显著。现场试验及理论研究表明：在不消耗额外能量的前提下,重力热管能够利用深部流体自身的能量提高井筒上部流体的温度,降低传热过程中的热损失,进而改善井筒温度分布剖面。该方法可以减小产出液在井下管道上升过程中的流动阻力,从而降低抽油机的负荷,实现低能耗对井筒流体加热的目的。     

井筒重力热管室内实验与矿场试验研究

利用重力热管的高效传热特性,将其应用在井筒流体加热过程中,分析了重力热管加热效果的外部影响因素。结果表明,重力热管在不消耗额外能量的条件下,利用深部流体能量提高井筒上部流体的温度,能起到均衡井筒温度场的作用,进而改善井筒温度分布剖面。室内实验表明：工质类型、工质充液率、真空度对重力热管的传热效果有很大影响。矿场试验表明：在适当的条件下,能够将原油温度加热到原油凝点以上,降低原油粘度,改善原油流动性,井底抽油杆载荷,满足生产实际的要求;重力热管加热过程受井底温度、热管下入深度、油井产液量以及原油物性等因素的影响,随着井底温度、热管下入深度、油井产液量的增加,重力热管的传热效果变好。     

斜传低频阿尔芬波加热的粒子模拟

采用实验粒子模拟方法,研究了同等振幅条件,不同斜传角度下,斜传低频阿尔芬(Alfvén)波的加热;分析了加热过程中,质子动力学温度随斜传角度的变化,以及X、Z方向上粒子运动规律.模拟结果表明:低频阿尔芬波斜传角的增加会强化相混,从而有利于加热效率的提升;相混的提升是由于斜传加热在平行方向上产生的不均匀性导致的.     

Alfven波对日冕的随机湍动加热

来自太阳光球层的Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波沿着日冕环的拱形磁感线两足向上传播，在冕环的顶部两反向传播的波相遇，强烈的不稳定性可能激发起等离子体湍动。Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波的能量可能转移给快磁声波并衰减和耗散。在一定条件下可以形成无碰撞波；当粒子的热速度接近于无碰撞波的相速度时，可以通过朗道阻尼引起的无碰撞随机湍动加热，使日冕等离子体湍动区的温度迅速上升，对日冕平均温度的增加有一定的贡献，是日冕快速加热的重要机制。     

An equatorial oscillation in Saturn's middle atmosphere

The middle atmospheres of planets are driven by a combination of radiative heating and cooling, mean meridional motions, and vertically propagating waves (which originate in the deep troposphere). It is very difficult to model these effects and, therefore, observations are essential to advancing our understanding of atmospheres. The equatorial stratospheres of Earth and Jupiter oscillate quasi-periodically on timescales of about two and four years, respectively, driven by wave-induced momentum transport. On Venus and Titan, waves originating from surface-atmosphere interaction and inertial instability are thought to drive the atmosphere to rotate more rapidly than the surface (superrotation). However, the relevant wave modes have not yet been precisely identified. Here we report infrared observations showing that Saturn has an equatorial oscillation like those found on Earth and Jupiter, as well as a mid-latitude subsidence that may be associated with the equatorial motion. The latitudinal extent of Saturn's oscillation shows that it obeys the same basic physics as do those on Earth and Jupiter. Future highly resolved observations of the temperature profile together with modelling of these three different atmospheres will allow us determine the wave mode, the wavelength and the wave amplitude that lead to middle atmosphere oscillation.     

寒区隧道衬砌电加热试验研究

寒区隧道冬季易出现衬砌破损甚至滴水结冰等冻害，为此，除了做保温层外，主动加热系统也是必要的，主动加热系统主要由二次衬砌和保温层间的电热带组成.为了模拟隧道衬砌混凝土表面滴漏水结冰后从负温加热至正温的工况，对负温条件下的混凝土试件进行电加热模型试验研究，包括对单独试件及三联试件进行加热试验.结果表明:在采用长度2m、功率30W、埋置深度10mm的电热带，并选用40mm厚的聚氨酯板作为保温层时，混凝土试件表面温度能够在60min之内从-4℃升高至0℃以上.研究成果可为寒区隧道融冰防冻提供指导.