Analysis of Danba Landslide

This paper using finite element method analyzed present slope and contrasted it with the original slope shape, plastic deformation figures and stress changes. At the same time, some deformation figures and stress figures were got, and the potential sliding surface and the stability coefficient were calculated. The conclusions are： This slope is provided with sliding conditions and began to slide when its foot was cut without any support in time. At the foot of the slope, some support measures must be taken to keep the slope steady and the slope surface need to be stabilzed to protect the lower people. These suggestions and conclusions are also useful to the slope constructions and succeeding inspecting works.     

Second Shape Finding Analysis of Membrane Structures

A second shape finding method was developed to improve the nonlinear finite element based shape finding method. The curved shape is obtained by raising the control points above the projection planeThe convergence was improved using pseudo material properties to get a preliminary shape, and then using the real properties to get the final shape. A large number of examples were analyzed to verify the validity and practicality of this method. The results show that the final curved surface after the second shape finding process is always quite similar to the first one. Moreover, the curved surface obtained after the second shape finding process is accurate and will be realized in real materials.     

Cut slope reinforcement technique in open-pit mines

The design and practice in supporting the cut slope of an open-pit mine were introduced, in which the high pressure grouting method was used in reinforcing the weak formation in the slopes. Based on a detailed geological survey of the slope, a theoretical analysis was carried out, and the design parameters were proposed, where the Tresca or Mohr-Coulomb yield criteria was employed. A patent technology, named "Technology of high pressure and multiple grouting in different levels within a single hole", was employed in the construction. Anchor bars were also installed as grouting proceeds. This method combines anchoring and grouting comprehensively and was found successful in practice.     

Geometric Feature Extraction and Model Reconstruction Based on Scattered Data

A method of 3D model reconstruction based on scattered point data in reverse engineering is presented here. The topological relationship of scattered points was established firstly, then the data set was triangulated to reconstruct the mesh surface model. The curvatures of cloud data were calculatod based on the mesh surface, and the point data were segmented by odge-basod method; Every patch of data was fitted by quadric surface of freeform surface, and the type of quadric surface was decided by parameters automatically, at last the whole CAD model was created. An example of mouse model was employed to confirm the effect of the algorithm.     

Three-Dimensional Measurement and Reconstruction of Fabric Drape Shape

This paper introduces a new method of measuring the three-dimensional drape shape of fabrics with structural light. First, we apply parallel annular structural light to form light and shade alternating contour stripes on the surface of fabrics. We then collect the images of contour stripes using Charge Coupled Device （CCD）. Subsequently, we process the images to identify the contour stripes and edges of fabrics, and obtain the fabric contour lines of curved surfaces. Finally, we apply three-dimensional curved surface modeling method based on a network of polar coordinates, and reconstruct the three-dimensional drape shape of fabrics. Experiments show that our method is effective in testing and reconstructing three-dimensional drape shape of fabrics.     

Theory of Digitized Conjugate Surface and Solution to Conjugate Surface

In order to meet the needs of designing and processing digitized surfaces,the method to spreading digitized surface has been proposed.The key technique is to solve the problem of digitized conjugate surface.In the paper,the digitized conjugate surface was theoretically investigated,and the solution of conjugate surface based on digitized surface was also studied.The digitized conjugate surface theory was then proposed,and applied to build the model of solving conjugate surface based on digitized surface.A corresponding algorithm was developed.This paper applies the software Conjugater1.0 that is developed by ourselves to compute the digitized conjugate surfaces of the drum-tooth surface.This study provides theoretical and technical bases for analyzing engagement of digitized surface,simulation and numerical processing technique.     

Dyeing Behavior of Yak Hair Fiber Treated with Microwave Low Temperature Plasma

The scales on the surface of yak hair fiber act as barriers during the dyeing process. In order to solve the scale problem and to improve the dyeability of yak hair, yak hair fiber was treated by microwave low temperature plasma （MLTP） in this study. The weight loss and the dyeing properties of the yak hair fiber modified by MLTP were investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM） photographs were taken to observe the changes in the surface shape of yak hair fiber before and after treatment. Results showed that after MLTP treatment, the scale structure of yak hair was weakened and damaged greatly and the noticeable changes on the surface shape took place. At the same time, a significant improvement in dyeing properties of yak hair fiber was exhibited.     

Land use and land cover change along the topographic gradients and stream corridors in the LRGR

With the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region （LRGR） in the southwestern China as the object, this research studied how land use pattern varies with the complex topographic features. Based on the 1：50000 digital elevation model （DEM） data and the remote sensing images in 1980, 2001, and by using GIS map algebra method, we investigated the relationship between landform （e.g. elevation and stream networks） and land use, especially the correlation of human activities with the spatial arrangement of the stream networks. This paper reveals that land use and land cover changes in valleys with rich water source at lower elevations are characterized by distinct successional gradients from the river to the upland, which was possibly due to the distance and the availability of water resource. And by dividing the region into four vertical zones according to their elevations, we found that the land use and human activities in each zone were significantly different. Finally, it is indicated that the jamming effects of human activities in the LRGR were spatially heterogeneous and thus led to the barrier effect of stream corridors.     

Low cycle fatigue properties and microstructure evolution at 760℃ of a single crystal superalloy

Low cycle fatigue(LCF) behavior of a single crystal superalloy was investigated at 760 ℃. Microstructure evolution and fracture mechanism were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM), respectively. The results show that the fatigue data fluctuation was small and the fatigue parameters of the alloy had been determined. On increasing the cyclic number, the alloy initially showed slight cyclic softening at the early two or three cycles and slowly hardened to some extent afterwards, then kept stable for the most of the remaining fatigue life. The LCF of the alloy at 760 ℃ can be attributed to the main elastic damage in fatigue processing. The initiation site of fatigue crack was at or near the surface of the samples. Crack propagated perpendicularly to the loading direction at first and then along {111}octahedral slip planes. The fatigue fracture mechanism was quasi-cleavage fracture. The γ'phase morphology still maintained cubic shape after fracture. There were a number of slip bands shear the γ'precipitates and γ matrix near the fracture surface of the specimen. The inhomogeneous deformation microstructure was developed by dislocation motion of cross-slip and a limited γ'precipitate shearing by slip band, stacking faults or single dislocation was observed.     

Corn Husk Fiber Preparation and Morphology with Alkali Treatment

The corn husks were usually discarded as useless materials,after alkali treatment from which the corn husk fiber was obtained. The corn husk fiber included half degumming corn husk bundle fiber and corn husk single fiber. This study found that corn husk single fiber was a kind of cellulose fiber,and was obtained with the fully alkali treatment technique,the process of which was NaOH concentration 0.15 g/mL,temperature at 80℃,and reaction time about 2.5 h. The morphologies of corn husk single fibers presented nature convolutions along with the fiber axis. They were closed at both ends,and they had a pentagram cavity and oval-shaped crosssection. They were flat shape,the fineness of the fibers was close to cotton fiber,and the mechanical properties of the fibers were similar to hemp fiber. So the corn husk fibers could be predicted that they could be used in textile industry because their properties were very close to cotton fiber or flax fiber.     

Study on extracting method of single slope surface shape based on DEM:taking Wanzhou district of three gorges reservoir area as example

This paper focused on the extracting method of single slope shape. Applying the software of ARCGIS 9.0, DEM (digital elevation model) was established. From the DEM, topographic characters, including valleys and ridges were extracted. Some valley lines were extended in order to intersect with the ridges nearby. All slope were divided into different slope surface, which enclosed by valleys and ridges. And the slope surface shapes were defined three types, Line Slope, Upper-concave and lower-convex slope, Upper-convex and lower-concave slope, according to their functions. And the judge formula of single slope surface shape was brought forward. Taking Wanzhou District as test area, it indicates that auto-extracting method of single slope surface shape has high precision relatively. This study can provide references to the studies of region geological disasters prevention and cure.     

DEM对典型喀斯特山区地形及流域特征的尺度效应分析

通过对数字高程模型(DEM)数据进行最近邻方法重采样,获取不同空间尺度DEM数据.针对不同空间尺度DEM,研究地形因子和流域信息提取与DEM的尺度效应,并进行相关性分析.结果表明:1)随DEM空间尺度的增大,高程信息、坡度和地面粗糙度等地形因子的平均值呈下降趋势,河网总长度与河网密度值随DEM空间尺度的增大而减小,大尺度DEM无法较好地表达喀斯特山区细小河流信息;2)经相关性分析发现,坡度、地面粗糙度与DEM分辨率相关性较强,用幂函数拟合相关性为显著相关;3)借鉴信息熵理论方法分析可知,研究区地形和流域信息提取的DEM最佳分辨率范围区间为30~120 m.     

不同形式节理的岩质边坡失稳演化离散元分析

为研究不同形式的节理边坡的破坏机理,将考虑胶结尺寸的微观接触模型植入离散元软件,基于重力增加法实现边坡失稳演化过程的模拟,从边坡形态、胶结破坏分布、滑体运动等方面进行分析.模拟结果表明,顺层岩质边坡为共面节理发生贯通破坏形成滑动面,反倾岩质边坡为非共面节理发生贯通破坏形成滑裂面;两种岩质边坡坡脚均为薄弱区,顺层岩质边坡坡面中部区域和反倾岩质边坡坡肩区域为危险区域;离散元模拟岩质边坡可用安全系数评价边坡稳定性,较极平衡法能更真实地反映岩体间的相互作用和边坡破坏的渐进过程.     

南黄海辐射沙洲海底地形可视化与定量分析

南黄海辐射沙洲海底地形复杂多变,精细的数字地形模型、不同地形单元的立体可视模型及其定量统计值是进行海洋科学研究、海洋功能区与海域开发利用的基础.利用在辐射沙洲北翼进行的单波束测深获取的水深资料,根据残差分析,选择研究区现有水深数据最佳插值法——克里金法,生成海底地形的数字高程模型.运用水深分层设色法立体可视地表征了辐射沙洲的四种地形单元:浅滩、沙脊、潮流槽和宽谷.根据地形倾角可以定量地分析脊、槽等地形单元的坡形变化,整个沙洲以水平-微倾斜地形(倾角<5°)为主,占总面积的60%,分布在宽谷、沙脊顶部和潮流槽中部等.地形剖面曲率分层设色可以更细致地刻画脊、槽相间地形单元的微地貌,并可定量分析不同地形单元的面积及所占比例.地形平面曲率和切线曲率可以指示不同地形单元的海洋动力特征,即:负值区水深较小、流场较强;正值区水深较大、流场较弱.     

基于起伏地形的SAR森林二次散射有效路径计算

提出了一种基于起伏地形的SAR森林二次散射有效路径计算方法. 采用大尺度面元拟合来描述地表的坡度变化,通过对散射粒子与大尺度面元的二次散射进行条件遍历,充分考虑了地表具有大尺度起伏特征时森林雷达二次散射可能不存在或存在多条二次散射有效路径的情况. 为了提高计算效率,一方面限定了遍历的面元范围,另一方面将森林场景划分为三维网格,用网格中心处有效路径的遍历结果作为网格内散射粒子的二次遍历条件. 计算机仿真给出了在分形模拟地形和实测DEM数据下二次散射有效路径的计算实例,并与单一坡度倾斜地表模型的计算结果进行了对比,结果表明,该方法能够有效地表征地形起伏情况下森林的雷达二次散射特征.      

超疏水表面形貌对层流减阻的数值模拟

为了研究超疏水表面形貌结构对其流动减阻的影响,设计了4种不同形貌的表面结构.针对超疏水表面的流动特点,建立微通道气-液两相流动的VOF(Volume of Fluid)模型,对超疏水表面在层流状态下的表面形貌结构对流动减阻的影响规律进行了研究.结果表明,超疏水表面的减阻效果随微凸起间距的增大而明显增大,而与微凸起高度的变化关系不大,且三角形和圆顶矩形微凸起结构表面比圆形和平顶矩形微凸起结构表面具有更好的减阻效果.     

Nuclear fission modes and fragment mass asymmetries in a five-dimensional deformation space

Nuclei undergoing fission can be described by a multi-dimensional potential-energy surface that guides the nuclear shape evolution--from the ground state, through intermediate saddle points and finally to the configurations of separated fission fragments. Until now, calculations have lacked adequate exploration of the shape parameterization of sufficient dimensionality to yield features in the potential-energy surface (such as multiple minima, valleys, saddle points and ridges) that correspond to characteristic observables of the fission process. Here we calculate and analyse five-dimensional potential-energy landscapes based on a grid of 2,610,885 deformation points. We find that observed fission features--such as the distributions of fission fragment mass and kinetic energy, and the different energy thresholds for symmetric and asymmetric fission--are very closely related to topological features in the calculated five-dimensional energy landscapes.     

浅析软件CASS和Surfer在土方量计算中的应用

以某废弃黏土矿项目为例,先利用软件CASS7.1的边坡处理功能,设计地形面,提取坐标点数据,导出DEM数据,再利用Surfer8.0将导出的DEM数据进行网格化处理,然后根据三维表达结果,分别计算原始地形体积和设计地形体积,从而进一步计算出土方工程量。结果显示:应用软件CASS7.1和Surfer8.0计算土方工程量的方法,相对于常用的方格网法、断面法和等高线法更为简洁、直观,并有效提高土方计算精度,实现了计算的自动化。     

GIS在九龙江流域农业非点源污染信息数据库建立中的应用以五川小流域为例

运用GIS软件MapInfo、ARC/INFO工作站和ArcView3.2建立五川小流域的农业非点源污染信息数据库,包括小流域边界、水系、土地利用现状图及地形图等.利用五川小流域等高线、高程点制作TIN,建立流域数字高程模型(DEM),并在DEM的基础上进行表面分析,提取坡度、坡向、坡长等.运用ArcView的水文分析模块模拟流域的地表水网分布、水网密度.为五川流域农业非点源污染模拟研究提供了基础数据平台,为九龙江流域农业非点源污染研究提供经验借鉴.     

DEM地形表面B样条小波多尺度建模

将非均匀B样条曲面拟合和准均匀B样条小波多尺度分解合理地结合起来,实现了DEM地形表面的多分辨率快速自动建模.实验结果表明,其形状造型效果逼真,分辨率明显,是一种高效实用的建模方法.