老年呼唤道肺炎支原体感染的临床研究

为了解老年呼吸道肺炎支原体感染现状和特点。在门诊或（和）往院呼吸道感染病人中，应用聚合酶链反应法检测患咽试、痰或／和血标本，并密切观察临床症状、体征变化。结果示肺炎支原体感染中，儿童及少年组（〈１７岁）患２８例，占６９．９％；成人组（１８￣５９岁）患６１例，占１９．６％；老年组（≥６０岁）患３３例，占１０。６％。老年组病例以男性为主，平均发病年龄６７．３±５．２岁，多发生于冬季，表现以咳嗽     

小儿支原体肺炎23例临床分析

支原体肺炎系由肺炎主原体（MP）引起，主要通过呼吸道传染，其仅占受感染的3％HO％。临床上以顽固性剧烈咳嗽，发热为主要症状。我院自1990年10月至1995年朋月收治23例文原体肺炎的患者，现报告如下：临床资料一、一般资料23例中女：13例，男：10例；发病年龄为2H4岁，其中2ed岁3例占13％，5—7岁15例占65％，8—14岁5例占22％；发病季节冬季则例，秋季8例，其它季节5例。二、临床症状与体征症状：23例患儿均有咳嗽。初为干咳后转为顽固性剧烈咳嗽18例占78％，阵咳5例占22％。咳嗽伴有白色钻液痰14例占61％，血丝痰1例占宅％，历经一天。…     

老年人肺炎95例临床分析

老年人肺炎发生高,其严重程度随年龄的增长而加重,是老年病中最常见的致死疾病。我院近３年来共收治６０岁以上老年人肺炎９５例,男６８例,女２７例,年龄６０～９２岁。８３例有慢性基础病,以ＣＯＰＤ、肺心病、糖尿病、高血压和冠心病居多。有吸烟史者６８例,秋末冬春易发病,受凉为常见发病诱因。临床表现主要为发热（４６例）、咳嗽（５６例）、咳痰（５０例）、气促、胸闷、纳差及意识改变。１０例无呼吸道症状。痰培养结果：以Ｇ－杆菌为主,占５０２％,其中以绿脓假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌最常见;Ｇ＋球菌占３３５％,以肺炎链球菌和金黄色葡萄菌多见;真菌感染率为１６３％。胸片显示支气管肺炎占６５３％。病变吸收消散慢,平均４周,部分延迟大于２个月。本组４３例出现并发症,死亡９例,死因主要为感染性休克、呼吸衰竭及多脏器功能衰竭。早期诊断及合理选用敏感而强有力的抗菌药物、加强基础病及全身支持治疗,是降低老年人肺炎病死率的关键     

17例呼吸道霉菌感染临床观察

呼吸道霉菌感染是临床上常见的感染之一。现就我院6年来（199年9月～1998年7月）。住院确诊为呼吸道霉菌感染的病人进行回顾性分析。1、临床资料本组资料共17例，其中男10例，女7例。年龄40～82岁。50岁以上15例。全部病例均有基础疾病，均有咳嗽、咳痰及肺部罗音。胸片均有不同程度异常改变。其中慢性阻塞肺病并肺心病，呼吸衰竭10例（58．82％），支气管扩张并感染2例（11．76％），糖尿病2例（11．76％）2肺癌2例（1．76％）；肺结核并感染1例（5．88％）。其中重危患者13例。17例患者在呼吸道霉菌感染以前应用各种抗生素1个月以上者占88…     

老年肺结核与青年肺结核病人的临床特征对比分析

为了提高对老年肺结核病的认识和诊治水平，选择广西田阳县疾病预防控制中心结防科门诊2002～2010年接治的816例老年肺结核（老年组）与随机抽取同期接治的350例20～39岁青年肺结核（青年组）患者，从年龄和性别、病程、临床症状、初治与复治情况、分型、痰菌情况与合并症、治疗与转归等方面进行对比分析。结果表明，两组男性患者明显高于女性；病程1个月和半年内确诊，老年组30．64％，青年组81％，两组间有显著性差异（P〈0．01）；临床症状，老年组多为3个以上，而青年组较少；初治与复治，老年组53．92％和46．08％，青年组80．86％和19．14％，两组间差异有显著性（P〈0．01）；慢性纤维空洞型肺结核，老年组（25．73％）比青年组（16．57％）高；组痰菌阳性率老年组（39．95％）比青年组（28．86％）高，合并症老年组（58．82％）比青年组（16％）多；治愈率与好转率，老年组（75．74％，11．76％）均低于青年组（88．86％，3．43％）。老年肺结核已经成为社会上重要的传染源。     

痰和咽拭子PCR及血清学联合检测肺炎衣原体急性呼吸道感染

了解成人呼吸道感染患者急性肺炎衣原体感染的发病情况。呼吸道感染患者１１０例,同时采集痰和咽拭子标本,应用聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）检测肺炎衣原体ＤＮＡ及采静脉血检测肺炎衣原体抗体。本组患者１７例（１６％）有肺炎衣原体近期感染的急性抗体,１２例（１１％）痰和（或）咽拭子肺炎衣原体ＰＣＲ检测阳性,联合应用两种方法的阳性率为２３％（２５／１１０例）。肺炎衣原体急性感染以哮喘急性发作、肺炎、ＣＯＰＤ急性加重和急性支气管炎患者多见（分别为５７％、３５％、２６％和２５％）,其临床表现无特征性。本组成人呼吸道感染患者肺炎衣原体急性感染的发病率较高,提示肺炎衣原体是呼吸道感染的重要致病原。     

氨基甙类抗生素与青霉素合用治疗老年人肺部感染临床疗效观察

老年人肺部感染是一种极为常见的内科疾病。它严重危害老年人的身体健康，好发于冬春两季。临床上以发热、咳嗽、气短、呼吸困难、咳黄痰（较少血痰）为主要症状。我院自九三年四月至九六年十一月共收治５５例老年人肺部感染病人，其中４９例慢阻肺占８９％，６例支气管病变和肺炎占１０．９％。现报告如下：一、一般情况：５５例患者中男：３２例，女：２３例，男女之比为１、３９：１，发病年龄为，５０岁一７９岁，其中５０岁一５９岁３５例占６３．６％，６０岁──６９岁１７例占３０．９％，７０岁以上的３例占５．５％。二、症状与体…     

450例青年人纤维结肠镜检出大肠癌11例分析

我们从１９８７年８月～１９９４年８月共进行１９３８例次纤维结肠镜检查，经病理证实大肠癌共１０８例，检出率５５７％，其中３５岁以下４５０例，病理证实青年大肠癌１１例，检出率２４４％。青年大肠癌占大肠癌总数的１０１９％。青年大肠癌１１例中，男７例，女４例，男∶女＝１７５∶１，２０岁１例，２１～２５岁４例，２６～３０岁１例，３１～３５岁５例。大肠癌发生在直肠６例（５４５５％），乙状结肠３例（２７２７％），横结肠１例（９０９％），升结肠１例（９０９％）。主要临床症状依次为血便、腹痛、腹泻、粘液便，病程平均１１３个月。病理分类：腺癌７例（６３６４％），息肉腺瘤恶变３例（２７２７％），乳头状腺癌１例（９０９％）。本组直肠癌６例作肛门指诊，均能触及病灶，最后经纤维结肠镜检而确诊     

急性外伤性硬膜外血肿434例临床分析

急性硬膜外血肿是颅脑外伤的严重继发性病变，多需手术治疗，若处理及时、恰当，则预后良好，死亡率明显降低。我科１９８４年２月～１９９７年９月共收治急性硬膜外血肿４３４例，占同期急性外伤性颅内血肿的４９２％，现将诊断、治疗情况报告如下。１　临床资料　　（１）一般资料：４３４例中男３８２例，女５２例。年龄９～６７岁，１６～４５岁３９８例，占９１７％。致伤原因：车祸３６４例，占８３９％，坠落伤２９例，占６７％，打击伤２５例，占５８％，砸伤１６例，占３７％。（２）临床表现：头痛２１２例，呕吐２５…     

4—去甲氧基柔红霉素治疗急性白血病9例临床分析

目的：为了观察以４ － 去甲氧基柔红霉素（ Ｉ Ｄ Ａ） 为主的化疗方案治疗急性白血病的疗效。方法：采用 Ｉ Ａ 和 Ｉ Ｅ 方案治疗９ 例急性白血病（ 初治４ 例，复发或难治５ 例） ，其中急性淋巴细胞白血病２ 例，急性非淋巴细胞白血病７ 例，观察血像、骨髓像、肝肾功能、心肌酶等项目。结果：５ 例患者（ 初治３ 例，复发或难治２ 例） 一疗程达完全缓解，有效率为５５５ ％ ，８ 例出现较严重的骨髓抑制，白细胞最低值平均为（１４５ ±１６７） ×１０９／ Ｌ，中性粒细胞＜ ０ ．５ ×１０９／ Ｌ 者占８５６７ ％ ，持续５ ～４３ ｄ ，血小板最低值平均为（４００７ ±２２９８） ×１０９／ Ｌ，６ 例出现感染，５ 例体温＞ ３８５ ℃，持续３ ～２３ ｄ 。结论：４ － 去甲氧基柔红霉素治疗急性白血病有效率５５５ ％ ，除骨髓抑制外，其他毒副反应轻微，在骨髓抑制期，应注意预防感染和加强支持疗法     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-