基于暂态分量的配电网单相接地故障选线新方法

在对目前应用小波变换技术进行配电网单相接地选线方法综合分析的基础上，提出了一种基于最小瞬时零序功率的选线新方法。通过分析配电网单相接地故障的暂态过程，给出了配电网单相接地故障时零序电压和各条线路的零序电流的瞬时表达式，定义了瞬时零序功率并将其作为故障选线特征量。结合配电网单相接地故障的大量仿真分析，应用小波包将零序电流和零序电压暂态信号逐层剥离，提取最大分量的信号频段为特征频段；根据各线路特征频带的零序电流、零序电压计算每条线路的瞬时零序功率，在短路第1个周期内，具有最小瞬时零序功率的线路为故障线路。仿真分析结果表明，该选线方法对中性点不接地和中性点经消弧线圈接地配电网都适用，而且不受短路时刻、线路长度的影响，抗电弧过渡电阻能力强。     

基于本地测量的小电阻接地系统高阻接地故障选线方法

为解决小电阻接地系统高阻接地故障选线失灵问题,本文依据故障馈线与健康馈线在其始端本地测量的零序电流相量实部符号差异,提出了一种基于本地测量的高阻接地故障选线方法。首先,建立了小电阻接地系统的故障零序等效网络,对故障零序电流特征进行理论分析;然后,推导了故障馈线与健康馈线的零序电流相量实部特征,并利用其符号差异作为选线依据,避免了时间同步精度的影响。最后,通过仿真分析验证了本文所提方法对高阻接地故障选线的有效性,且验证了所提方法对电弧故障的适用性。     

非直接接地系统两相接地故障的单端测距

提出了一种输电线路中性点非直接接地系统双相对地故障的准确测距方法。该算法利用故障网络与零序网络建立故障测距模型,利用单端信号有效地消除了负荷潮流和故障接地电阻对故障测距精度的影响,并可以自动地确定故障线路。仿真结果表明,在接地故障情况下该算法具有准确有效的特点。     

基于并联定值电阻及稳态频域实部突变的缆线混合故障选线

经消弧线圈接地系统投切并联定值电阻会改变电力系统的拓扑结构,因此可以为故障选线提供更多信息.基于此提出了基于并联定值电阻及稳态频域实部突变的缆线混合故障选线.首先分析了定值电阻投切前后稳态信息的差异,发现在投切定值电阻前后故障线路零序复电流实部变化明显大于健全线路,因此针对此差异,计算投入定值电阻前后零序复电流实部变换从而实现故障选线.大量仿真结果证明,该方法受不同故障条件影响较小,可靠性高,抗干扰性强.     

基于DOST能量相对熵的配网单相接地故障选线方法

针对小电流接地故障中,不同类型配电线路故障特征频带能量分布不一致的情况,提出一种基于离散正交S变换与能量相对熵的故障选线方法。首先提取各线路故障后首半个工频周波的暂态零序电流,利用离散正交S变换计算暂态零序电流各频带的变换系数及各频带暂态能量,结合能量相对熵对两个波形细微区别的识别能力,分别获取各线路在不同频带的能量相对熵,并综合得到每条线路的综合能量相对熵,据此熵值大小进行故障选线。Matlab仿真表明该方法不受接地电阻、故障初始角、故障距离等条件的影响,在间歇性电弧故障时仍然可准确实现线-缆混合线路单相接地故障选线。     

基于暂态分量的配电网单相接地故障选线新方法

在对目前应用小波变换技术进行配电网单相接地选线方法综合分析的基础上,提出了一种基于最小瞬时零序功率的选线新方法.通过分析配电网单相接地故障的暂态过程,给出了配电网单相接地故障时零序电压和各条线路的零序电流的瞬时表达式,定义了瞬时零序功率并将其作为故障选线特征量.结合配电网单相接地故障的大量仿真分析,应用小波包将零序电流和零序电压暂态信号逐层剥离,提取最大分量的信号频段为特征频段;根据各线路特征频带的零序电流、零序电压计算每条线路的瞬时零序功率,在短路第1个周期内,具有最小瞬时零序功率的线路为故障线路.仿真分析结果表明,该选线方法对中性点不接地和中性点经消弧线圈接地配电网都适用,而且不受短路时刻、线路长度的影响,抗电弧过渡电阻能力强.     

基于小波变换的配电网单相接地故障选线方法

分析了配电系统发生单相接地时的故障特征，在研究了现有选线方法的基础上，提出了利用小波变换的奇异性检测理论进行故障选线的新方法。该方法对单相接地故障的暂态分量进行小波变换，通过比较零序电流小波变换模极大值的大小和极性判别出故障线路。MATLAB仿真结果表明，该方法能够准确、可靠地实现故障选线，且不受故障电阻及中性点接地方式的影响。     

基于主频零序功率的配电网故障选线新方法

在复杂的小电流接地系统发生单相接地故障时,现有的利用相关性选线的方法有时因判据裕度不足而产生误判.针对裕度不足的问题,本文提出了基于主频零序功率的配电网故障选线方法,其以主频零序功率作为特征量来选线,计算出各馈线所对应的主频零序功率综合相关系数,其中故障线路综合相关系数小于零,而健全线路综合相关系数大于零.大量仿真结果表明,此方法在一定程度上提高了选线判据裕度和选线准确率,且不受合闸角和故障电阻的影响.     

直流系统绝缘监测综合判据

分析了现有检测直流系统接地故障方法存在的死区，建议用综合判据，即通过检测正负母线电压，检测正负极绝缘电阻，检测支路漏电流来监视及查找直流系统的故障。     

全频带小波能量相对熵的小电流接地系统故障选线

为了提高小电流接地系统中故障选线方法的精度和鲁棒性,在详细分析系统暂态零序网络故障特征后,提出基于全频带小波能量相对熵的小电流接地系统故障选线方法.利用小波变换技术对信号特征的放大作用以及小波相对熵对信号细微差别的超强辨识能力,首先对各条线路故障后零序电流的一个周波采样数据进行小波多尺度分解,并对分解后的小波系数进行单支重构;然后利用单支重构后的系数计算各条线路在各个频带下的小波能量权重系数,构造出各条线路的全频带小波能量相对熵矩阵;最后比较小波能量综合相对熵值的大小进行故障线路选择.在仿真模型中随机设置不同的故障位置、故障角、过渡电阻、电弧接地等参数,仿真选线正确率达到100%.理论分析和大量的仿真结果表明,该故障选线方法具有很强的适应性,能够在各种情况下实现正确选线.     

基于电容电感移相单元的MEMS移相器

为减小基本结构开关线型微机电(MEMS)移相器的面积,提出了一种新型的基于电容电感移相单元的小型化3位开关线型MEMS移相器。该移相器用MEMS工艺制成的交叠结构的电容电感移相单元代替原始的延迟传输线,其90°移相单元的长度比传统90°延迟线的缩短近3/4,45°移相单元的长度比原始延迟线的缩短近1/2,有效缩小了移相器的整体面积。用HFSS(high frequency structuresimulator)软件进行了仿真及优化设计。仿真结果表明:在20GHz到40GHz频段内,45°移相单元的回波损耗优于-27.25dB,插入损耗优于-0.33dB;90°移相单元的回波损耗优于-26.25dB,插入损耗优于-0.51dB。在35GHz时,整个3位移相器能够完成0～360°、间隔为45°的移相,平均插入损耗为-2.63dB,回波损耗优于-15dB,平均相位误差为3.67°。根据仿真结果,所设计的MEMS移相器适用于35GHz小型化相控阵雷达。     

Atomic phase diagram

Based on the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac-Cheng model, atomic phase diagram or electron density versus atomic radius diagram describing the interaction properties of atoms of different kinds in equilibrium state is developed. Atomic phase diagram is established based on the two-atoms model. Besides atomic radius, electron density and continuity condition for electron density on interfaces between atoms, the lever law of atomic phase diagram involving other physical parameters is taken into account, such as the binding energy, for the sake of simplicity.     

Colloidal ordering from phase separation in a liquid-crystalline continuous phase

Some binary mixtures exist as a single phase at high temperatures and as two phases at lower temperatures; rapid cooling therefore induces phase separation that proceeds through the initial formation of small particles and subsequent growth and coarsening. In solid and liquid media, this process leads to growing particles with a range of sizes, which eventually separate to form a macroscopically distinct phase. Such behaviour is of particular interest in systems composed of an isotropic fluid and a liquid crystal, where the random distribution of liquid-crystal droplets in an isotropic polymer matrix may give rise to interesting electro-optical properties. Here we report that a binary mixture consisting of an isotropic fluid and a liquid crystal forming the continuous phase does not fully separate into two phases, but self-organizes into highly ordered arrays of monodisperse colloidal droplet chains. We find that the size and spatial organization of the droplets are controlled by the orientational elasticity of the liquid-crystal phase and the defects caused by droplets exceeding a critical size. We expect that our approach to forming monodisperse, spatially ordered droplets in liquid crystals will allow the controlled design of ordered composites that may have useful rheological and optical properties.     

调合石蜡的相平衡参数和相变动力学特性

使用正规溶液模型的Scatchard-Hildebrand方程对调合石蜡的熔点、浊点以及固-液和组元相变速率进行了计算.以切片石蜡作为被调合石蜡的计算结果表明,烷烃的相变温度和切片石蜡相近时,该烷烃对调合石蜡的熔点、浊点以及相变动力学特性影响较小.增加C22类轻质烷烃的质量分数,调合石蜡的熔点、浊点降低;熔程内较低温度下,轻质烷烃相变速率变慢,重质烷烃相变速率变快.增加C35类重质烷烃的质量分数,调合石蜡的浊点升高,熔点呈现复杂的变化,对C24以下烷烃的相变速率几乎没有影响,C25以上烷烃在熔程内较低温度下相变速率变慢.计算结果可以为相变储能中选用具有适当相变温度及相变动力学特性的调合石蜡提供指导.     

投影栅相位法三维检测的频域相对解相技术

为提高投影栅相位法在三维检测实际应用中的解相精度 ,分析了频谱混叠及移频方法的不准确对解相精度造成的影响 ,建立了一种新的频域相对解相技术。基于小波变换得到相对栅线图像 ,其频谱中背景成分基本消除 ,有利于有用频带的提取。同时 ,通过计算两幅图像的相对位相 ,避免了单幅图像移频方法所带来的系统误差。实例证明该技术改善了解相的精度和稳定性 ,提高了投影栅相位法的应用水平     

Coherent quantum phase slip

A hundred years after the discovery of superconductivity, one fundamental prediction of the theory, coherent quantum phase slip (CQPS), has not been observed. CQPS is a phenomenon exactly dual to the Josephson effect; whereas the latter is a coherent transfer of charges between superconducting leads, the former is a coherent transfer of vortices or fluxes across a superconducting wire. In contrast to previously reported observations of incoherent phase slip, CQPS has been only a subject of theoretical study. Its experimental demonstration is made difficult by quasiparticle dissipation due to gapless excitations in nanowires or in vortex cores. This difficulty might be overcome by using certain strongly disordered superconductors near the superconductor-insulator transition. Here we report direct observation of CQPS in a narrow segment of a superconducting loop made of strongly disordered indium oxide; the effect is made manifest through the superposition of quantum states with different numbers of flux quanta. As with the Josephson effect, our observation should lead to new applications in superconducting electronics and quantum metrology.     

Room-temperature electronic phase transitions in the continuous phase diagrams of perovskite manganites

Highly correlated electronic systems--such as transition-metal oxides that are doped Mott insulators--are complex systems which exhibit puzzling phenomena, including high-temperature superconductivity and colossal magnetoresistivity. Recent studies suggest that in such systems collective electronic phenomena are important, arising from long-range Coulomb interactions and magnetic effects. The qualitative behaviour of these systems is strongly dependent on charge filling (the level of doping) and the lattice constant. Here we report a time-efficient and systematic experimental approach for studying the phase diagrams of condensed-matter systems. It involves the continuous mapping of the physical properties of epitaxial thin films of perovskite manganites (a class of doped Mott insulator) as their composition is varied. We discover evidence that suggests the presence of phase boundaries of electronic origin at room temperature.