人参亲环素基因表达载体构建及其在拟南芥中的抗盐活性分析

摘 要 为研究人参亲还素基因的抗盐活性,为该基因在人参抗逆育种方面的应用提供参考,通过植物转基因技术和外施不同浓度NaCl的方法获得阳性拟南芥植株,研究了不同植株类型不同盐浓度下的种子萌发率、植株生存率、植株主根长、植株分支数等相关指标。结果表明：在盐胁迫作用下转基因拟南芥种子萌发率高于野生型拟南芥;在盐胁迫作用下转基因拟南芥植株生存率显著高于野生型拟南芥;在盐胁迫作用下转基因拟南芥植株主根长大于野生型拟南芥;在盐胁迫作用下转基因拟南芥植株分支数与野生型拟南芥植株分支数没有明显差异。可见人参亲还素基因提高了转基因拟南芥抵御高盐胁迫的能力。     

转BpmiR156基因白桦株系的耐盐性分析

【目的】探究植物年龄响应因子miR156的耐盐功能。【方法】以BpmiR156过表达白桦株系和非转基因对照株系为材料,通过PCR及qPCR分析各转基因株系中外源BpmiR156的稳定性及表达情况;同时对转基因及对照株系进行NaCl胁迫处理,调查胁迫后盐害指数、生理指标及生长速度。【结果】各转基因株系中外源BpmiR156已整合到白桦基因组中,且表达量显著高于非转基因对照株系;NaCl胁迫后,转基因株系的H₂O₂、丙二醛(MDA)含量及盐害指数高于对照株系,生长速度变慢。【结论】BpmiR156基因在白桦中稳定表达,BpmiR156基因过表达白桦株系与对照株系相比,在盐胁迫后盐害指数增加,生长速度变慢,膜系统损伤更严重,说明转入miR156基因在一定程度上降低了白桦的耐盐性。     

拟南芥AtHHR2基因的功能初步研究

为了研究拟南芥Highly Homologous RING domain 2基因(At5g43200)在盐胁迫逆境的功能,通过DNA及RNA水平鉴定了该基因的T-DNA插入突变体athhr2,并通过根瘤农杆菌介导法进行遗传转化,筛选获得了athhr2/ATHHR2互补转基因株系.对突变体、互补转基因株系及野生型进行盐胁迫处理,对其萌发率、脯氨酸及叶绿素水平进行检测,发现盐处理后缺失突变体的萌发率降低,脯氨酸和叶绿素含量低于野生型,互补株系的萌发率、脯氨酸和叶绿素含量均高于野生型.以上结果证明AtHHR2基因在拟南芥的盐胁迫响应中起正调控作用.     

AtVDAC2参与拟南芥盐胁迫信号应答过程

为了探索VDAC在盐胁迫信号传递途径中可能的传递关系,以AtVDAC2转基因拟南芥过量表达和抑制表达株系为材料,初步探索盐胁迫过程中该基因参与信号传递的方式.实验分析了NaCl处理对种子萌发的影响、Ca²⁺对NaCl胁迫下种子萌发的影响,以及NaCl对气孔运动的影响和盐胁迫相关基因的表达水平.实验结果指出,AtVDAC2基因表达水平变化影响了拟南芥对NaCl的敏感性:高表达的AtVDAC2使得拟南芥种子对NaCl敏感性提高,种子萌发率降低,气孔关闭较快;而低表达的AtVDAC2使得拟南芥对NaCl敏感性降低,种子萌发率高,气孔不易关闭.在NaCl胁迫下添加Ca²⁺,提高了敏感株系种子的萌发率,因而推测Ca²⁺帮助AtVDAC2转基因拟南芥过量表达株系平衡下游的胁迫应答.用实时荧光定量PCR检测盐胁迫应答相关基因SOS1,SOS2的表达水平,发现AtVDAC2的高表达引起了下游应答基因SOS1,SOS2表达水平的相应提高;相反AtVDAC2的抑制表达则导致SOS1,SOS2表达水平下降.由此说明,AtVDAC2参与了拟南芥盐胁迫应答过程.     

白桦BpGRAS1基因的克隆及耐盐功能分析

【目的】 GRAS转录因子是植物特有的转录因子家族之一,在植物响应盐、干旱等非生物胁迫中发挥重要的调控作用。从白桦(Betula platyphylla )中克隆GRAS转录因子基因,研究其耐盐功能,为研究木本植物GRAS转录因子的抗逆机制奠定理论基础。【方法】 在白桦转录组数据库中获得一个GRAS转录因子基因,命名为BpGRAS1 (GenBank 登录号: MN117546.1)。利用生物信息学进行多序列比对、构建进化树。分别构建植物过表达(pROKⅡ-BpGRAS1) 及抑制表达(pFGC5941-BpGRAS1) 载体。利用农杆菌介导高效瞬时遗传转化体系获得BpGRAS1基因瞬时过表达(OE)、抑制表达(IE) 及对照 (WT) 白桦植株。通过实时荧光定量RT-PCR(qRT-PCR) 技术分析盐胁迫下OE、IE及WT植株中BpGRAS1基因的表达情况,鉴定转基因植株中BpGRAS1的表达效率是否响应盐胁迫。在盐胁迫下比较了BpGRAS1基因瞬时过表达、抑制表达及对照白桦植株的电解质渗透率、失水率、丙二醛(MDA) 含量、过氧化物酶 (POD) 和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 活性。【结果】 BpGRAS1基因的开放阅读框为1 425 bp,编码 474个氨基酸。BpGRAS1具有GRAS家族的序列特征,在C端的氨基酸序列相似度较高,与AtSHR亲缘关系较近。盐胁迫处理下,BpGRAS1的表达量升高,过表达植株中表达量高于对照,抑制表达植株中表达量低于对照,说明BpGRAS1受盐胁迫诱导,成功获得过表达及抑制表达植株。过表达BpGRAS1基因能降低白桦在盐胁迫下的电解质渗透率、失水率及 MDA 的积累,并显著增强了 POD 和 SOD 酶的活性,从而提高转基因植株的耐盐性。【结论】 BpGRAS1基因响应盐胁迫,过表达BpGRAS1基因降低了盐胁迫下植株细胞受损程度,通过增强POD 和 SOD 活性提高白桦的耐盐能力。     

油菜BnRCH基因提高转基因拟南芥的耐盐性研究

为探索本实验室从甘蓝型油菜中克隆到的BnRCH基因在植物耐盐中的作用,比较了NaCl胁迫下转基因与野生型拟南芥在萌发及幼苗生长的差异.结果表明:在100 mMNaCl处理下,BnRCH转基因拟南芥种子萌发率比野生型高3～5倍;盐胁迫后野生型拟南芥幼苗首先表现出枯萎、白化现象;除去盐胁迫后,转基因拟南芥幼苗恢复生长状况明显优于野生型.本实验结果表明BnRCH基因能够提高转基因拟南芥的耐盐性.     

转AlNHX1基因大豆后代遗传稳定性及耐盐性分析

为了获得耐盐性有所提高的转AlNHX1基因大豆后代材料,以已获得的转AlNHX1基因的6个株系中的3个株系后代为研究对象,通过分别对这3个株系转基因大豆各后代进行PCR分子检测并结合耐盐性鉴定,以分析外源基因在转基因大豆中遗传稳定性和耐盐性.结果表明:AlNHX1基因在转基因植株的后代中遗传;选取3个株系中部分阳性植株做耐盐性检测,结果表明:转基因大豆耐盐性状均好于野生型大豆.在150mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,转基因大豆叶片中维持了相对较高的K+/Na+比值,相对含水量较野生型提高了9%,而渗透势降低了39%,表明转基因大豆具有较好的吸水和保水能力;在盐胁迫下,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与过氧化物酶(POD)活性较野生型大豆分别提高了45%与69%.综上,通过耐盐筛选获得的转AlNHX1基因大豆具有较强的耐盐性.     

过量表达AtA PX2基因提高水稻抗逆性

拟南芥抗坏血酸过氧化物酶2 (Arabidopsis thaliana ascorbate peroxidase 2,AtAPX2)是APX基因家族成员,在拟南芥逆境胁迫应答中起着重要作用。文章通过AtAPX2基因过表达载体构建、农杆菌介导遗传转化,获得AtAPX2基因水稻过表达植株。对过量表达AtAPX2的转基因水稻阳性植株的分析结果显示,其抗过氧化氢能力提高,对高温、盐胁迫耐受能力显著增强,田间植株秕谷率也明显低于野生型。研究结果表明,拟南芥抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因AtAPX2在水稻中的过量表达,可通过提高清除活性氧能力而用于增强水稻对多种非生物胁迫逆境的耐受能力。     

Paenibacillus sp.K1 α-半乳糖苷酶酶学性质

利用CODEHOP PCR和Anchor-ligated PCR方法从类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus sp.K1中克隆得到一个α-半乳糖苷酶基因aga P1,大小为2 190 bp,同源性分析显示,该基因与其他α-半乳糖苷酶基因的序列相似低,是一个新的α-半乳糖苷酶基因。将aga P1在大肠杆菌Origami B(DE3)中表达并纯化获得Aga P1,酶学性质分析显示:以p NPG为底物时,Aga P1最适反应温度为40℃,最适p H 6.5~10,Km值为0.75 mmol/L,最大反应速率Vmax为1.96μmol·min-1·mg-1。同时Fe2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、K+和甘油能使α-半乳糖苷酶酶活提高1~3倍,而Cu2+、Zn2+、Fe3+和还原型谷胱甘肽则抑制该酶的活性。SDS-PAGE检测Aga P1蛋白大小约为80 ku,与理论预测值基本一致;Native-PAGE分析表明正常条件下Aga P1蛋白以二聚体或六聚体形式存在。以上结果显示,Paenibacillus sp.K1产生的α-半乳糖苷酶为一个新的低温α-半乳糖苷酶。     

棉花DELLA蛋白GhGAl4a基因在拟南芥中功能初步分析

为了探究棉花DELLA蛋白基因GhGAI4a在拟南芥中的功能,构建植物表达载体pBP35S：GhGAI4a和pBP35S：Ghgai4a,利用农杆菌介导的花滴法将其转入Col野生型拟南芥。结果显示,2个载体各自获得6个独立的转基因拟南芥纯合株系。分别统计48—96h种子萌发率,测量生长7d后幼苗的主根长度,与非转基因植株相比,过量表达GhGAI4a、Ghgai4a对拟南芥种子萌发及主根生长具有明显的抑制作用。1μmol／LGA处理转基因植株,GhGAI4a转基因植株主根长和萌发率均增大,而Ghgai4a转基因植株主根长度和萌发率均无显著变化。     

Effects of Yb^3＋ codoping on visible and near infrared emissions of Er^3＋-Yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders by the sol-gel method

The 0.1 mol% Er^3＋ and 0-2 mol% Yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders were prepared by the sol-gel method, and the phase structure, including only two crystalline types of doped Al2O3 phase, γ-（Al,Er, Yb）2O3 and θ-（Al,Er, Yb）2O3, was detected at the sintering temperature of 1000℃. The visible and near infrared emissions properties depended strongly on the Yb^3＋ codoping, and the corresponding maximal peak intensities centered at about 523, 545, 660 and 1533 nm were obtained respectively for the 0.1 mol% Er^3＋ and 0.5 mol% Yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders, which were composed of θ-（Al,Er,Yb）2O3 and a small amount of γ-（Al,Er, Yb）2O3 phases. The two-photon absorption process was responsible for the visible up-conversion emissions, and the one-photon absorption process was involved in the near infrared emissions of the Er^3＋-yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders.     

Dielectric,piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of lanthanum-modified PZTFN ceramics

Specimens of Pb_1?1.5xLa_x(Zr_0.53Ti_0.47)_1?y?zFe_yNb_zO₃(x = 0, 0.004, 0.008, 0.012, and 0.016, y = z = 0.01) (PZTFN) ceramics were synthesized by a semi-wet route. In the present study, the effect of La doping was investigated on the structural, microstructural, dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of the ceramics. The results show that, the tetragonal (space group P4mm) and rhombohedral (space group R3c) phases are observed to coexist in the sample at x = 0.012. Microstructural investigations of all the samples reveal that La doping inhibits grain growth. Doping of La into PZTFN improves the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics. The hysteresis loops of all specimens exhibit nonlinear behavior. The dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties show a maximum response at x ≥ 0.012, which corresponds to the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB).     

Assessment of the uncertainties in temperature change in China during the last century

We have used the China Homogenized Historic Temperature dataset and some long-term station series of the neighbor countries from CRUTEM3, a 5°×5° gridded dataset of monthly mean temperature since 1900, to provide a 107-year record of surface tem-perature trends and variability. We derived a comprehensive set of uncertainty estimates to accompany the data: measurement and sampling errors, uncertainties in temperature bias estimates, and uncertainties arising from limited observational coverage on large-scale averages have all been estimated. We reanalysed the temperature changes during the period of record. The best estimates of trends for 1900–2006 with uncertainties at 95% confidence range are about 0.09±0.017°C/decade for the year as a whole, and 0.14±0.021°C/decade, 0.11±0.021°C/decade, 0.04±0.017°C/decade, and 0.07±0.017°C/decade for winter, spring, summer and autumn respectively. For 1954–2006, the trends for annual, winter, spring, summer and autumn are: 0.26±0.032°C/decade, 0.35±0.046°C/decade, 0.25±0.051°C/decade, 0.16±0.037°C/decade and 0.22±0.055°C/decade. Winter saw the most significant warming trend in both 1900–2006 and 1954–2006, while during the most recent period (the satellite era, 1979–2006), all the seasons show similar warming trends: 0.45±0.13°C/decade, 0.51±0.11°C/decade, 0.52±0.16°C/decade, 0.37±0.10°C/decade and 0.50±0.16°C/decade for annual, winter, spring, summer and autumn. Trends arising from urbanization have been evaluated as less than 5% of the total warming trend for 1951–2001, so this bias was not removed.     

Mining rice new germplasm containing S5n gene by functional molecular marker and sequencing

Inter-subspecific hybrids between indica and japonica varieties yield strong biological heterosis, but it is difficult to utilize the hybrids directly in commercial production due to sterility of F1. A special gene S5^n may overcome the hybrids sterility, which is caused by the interaction between S5 loci. Recently, S5^n had been cloned, and it was revealed containing a large DNA deletion sequence that made the gene nonfunctional, compared to S5^i or S5^j. We designed a pair of primers flanking the deletion sequence of Ssn, and then applied to distinguish the varieties with S5^n or non-S5^n, convincing result suggested that the primers could be served as functional molecular marker to efficiently identify the new germplasm with S5^n, Using the functional marker, we surveyed 197 varieties from China National Micro-core Rice Collection, and found ten of which represented S5^n including following varieties： Haobuka, Sanbangqishiluo, Mubanggu, Xiaohonggu, Mowanggu＇neiza, Laozaogu, Fanhaopi, Feie＇nu02, Baoxie-7B, Teqingxuanhui. Among them, two varieties Sanbangqishiluo and Laozaogu was previously reported to contain S5^n gene. Further sequence analysis on the DNA sequence covering both sides of deletion in S5^n of the 10 varieties confirmed that the detected sequences in above varieties was identical with those of varieties containing S5^n, such as 02428 and Linglun. These results suggested that the gene in S5 locus of the ten varieties was also nonfunctional and it proved the presence of S5^n gene.     

应用正交试验法的RHT模型参数敏感性研究

基于RHT模型的理论分析,选出A、N、B、M、B_Q、f_s/f_c、T_ten、D₁和E_f,min 9个参数作为正交试验分析参数,研究RHT模型中参数的敏感性.运用Autodyn程序对弹丸侵彻混凝土过程进行数值分析,确定了不同参数、不同水平值下弹丸的侵彻深度.采用极差分析法对参数的敏感程度进行量化分析,得出9个参数的敏感性排序为B > E_f,min > T_ten > f_s/f_c > N > M > D₁ > B_Q > A.结合3组典型数值试验损伤云图和侵彻深度的对比分析,认为参数B、E_f,min和T_ten对数值模拟试验结果的影响极大,应采取可靠的技术手段准确确定其取值.      

Surface interactions of MoO3/ α-Fe2O3 system

α-Fe₂O₃ -supported molybdena catalysts have been prepared by heating a mixture of MoO₃ and α-Fe₂O₃. XRD, XPS, LRS, TG-DTA and Mössbauer spectroscopy were used to characterize the interactions between MoO₃ and α-Fe₂O₃. The dispersion capacity of MoO₃ on the surface of α-Fe₂O₃ determined by XRD and XPS was 0.8 mmol/100m² α-Fe₂O₃ in the samples calcined at 420 . For the sample with low MoO₃ loading, LRS and FT-IR results showed that Mo⁶⁺ ions were located in the tetrahedral vacant sites on the surface of α-Fe₂O₃, signed as Mo- . The amount of Mo-II species, formed by Mo6+ ions incorporated into the octahedral vacant sites, increased with the MoO₃ loading. Based on the assumption that the (001) plane of α-Fe₂O₃ is preferentially exposed, almost all the Mo⁶⁺ ions of the dispersed molybdena species existed at the surface octahedral sites for the sample with MoO₃ loading close or beyond the dispersion capacity, and formed the Mo-II species. In this case, the capping O^2- ions linking with the incorporated Mo⁶⁺ ions formed a surface epitaxial structure, which was in good agreement with the results predicted by the incorporation model proposed previously. XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy of the MoO₃ α-Fe₂O₃ samples calcined at different temperatures showed that the calcination temperature could strongly influence the interaction extent: ( i) at 420 , MoO₃ dispersed on the surface of α-Fe₂O₃ and formed surface Mo species; (ii ) at 500 , MoO₃ reacted with the bulk of α-Fe₂O₃ and formed Fe₂(MoO₄)₃ compound.     

几种特殊图的填充数

应用图的最优填充分解定理和局部最优填充定理,得到了书本图Bm、方型网图F(m;n)(m=1,2,3)和蛛网图W(m,n)(m=1;n=3)的填充数表达式分别为:F(Bm)=m,F(F(1;n))=n,F(F(2;n))=4n-3,F(F(3;n))=({]3,n=1,9,n=2,14,n=3.)F(W(1,n))=n-3,F(W(m,3))=3(m-1).     

Ca5Zn3相稳定性和物理性质的第一性原理研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法对Ca_5Zn_3化合物的晶格常数、形成焓、弹性常数、以及电子态密度等进行计算研究。为了获得Ca_5Zn_3化合物的结构稳定性,考虑了Cr_5B_3、W_5Si_3以及Mn_5Si_3 3种结构类型,计算得到的形成焓表明:具有Cr5B3结构类型的Ca_5Zn_3最稳定,其次为Mn_5Si_3型,最后是W_5Si_3型。对该化合物的弹性常数、电子态密度和电荷密度差进行了计算。最后利用德拜模型,对Ca_5Zn_3的热物理性能进行了计算,获得体积、体积模量、热膨胀系数以及等容热容随温度和压强变化的规律,为该化合物在热电方面的应用提供了理论依据。     

Effect of aluminum oxide on the compressive strength of pellets

Analytical-reagent-grade Al₂O₃ was added to magnetite ore during the process of pelletizing, and the methods of mercury intrusion, scanning electron microscopy, and image processing were used to investigate the effect of Al₂O₃ on the compressive strength of the pellets. The results showed that, as the Al₂O₃ content increased, the compressive strength of the pellets increased slightly and then decreased gradually. When a small amount of Al₂O₃ was added to the pellets, the Al₂O₃ combined with fayalite (2FeO·SiO₂) and the aluminosilicate (2FeO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂) was generated, which releases some iron oxide and reduces the inhibition of fayalite to the solid phase of consolidation. When Al₂O₃ increased sequentially, high melting point of Al₂O₃ particles hinder the oxidation of Fe₃O₄ and the recrystallization of Fe2O3, making the internal porosity of the pellets increase, which leads to the decrease in compressive strength of the pellets.