渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷沙河街组页岩油微观储集性

探讨渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷页岩油储层不同岩石矿物的孔隙发育特征,为页岩油勘探开发提供基础资料.取自沾化凹陷罗69井古近系沙河街组页岩油层段21块自然断面和氩离子抛光岩心样品,利用场发射扫描电镜图像定量研究页岩油储层不同岩石矿物的孔隙发育类型、孔径分布及其面孔率贡献.结果表明沙河街组页岩油主要孔隙类型有泥岩中的泥质碎片间微孔和泥晶灰岩中的方解石溶蚀孔,其中的微米级孔隙提供了页岩油的主要储集空间.纳米级孔径为主的方解石晶间孔、晶内孔和黄铁矿晶间孔数量多,但孔隙面孔率很低.沾化凹陷页岩油开发的主要对象为微米级泥质粒间孔和方解石溶蚀孔发育层段.     

东营凹陷沙河街组页岩油储层微观孔隙结构研究

储层微观孔隙结构研究可为页岩油勘探开发提供依据。利用氩离子抛光扫描电镜实验和孔隙图像储层结构参数统计方法,分析了渤海湾盆地东营凹陷沙河街组18块岩芯样品的微观孔隙发育特征。结果表明,东营凹陷沙河街组页岩油层段的孔隙类型主要包括粒间孔、溶蚀孔、晶间孔和晶内孔,泥质粒间孔提供的面孔率贡献最大,溶蚀孔对有较高的面孔率贡献,晶间孔和晶内孔的面孔率贡献最低。页岩油储层孔隙的孔径属于纳米级和微米级,数量上纳米级孔隙占绝对优势,但储层面孔率主要由在数量上不占优势的微米级孔隙提供。因此,东营凹陷沙河街组页岩油层段的主要储集空间属于微米级孔隙。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部长7陆相页岩基质孔隙发育类型及影响因素

为了探究鄂尔多斯盆地南部长7陆相储层页岩基质孔隙发育影响因素,应用氩离子抛光-扫描电镜、X射线衍射能谱仪、有机碳测定、有机质成熟度测定、高压压汞和Image J图像处理等分析测试处理技术对其进行了系统研究。研究表明:长7陆相页岩中的基质孔隙类型主要包括长石和碳酸盐矿物粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔和黏土矿物层间孔,其中页岩孔隙中65%为溶蚀孔,20%为黏土矿物层间孔,其余为有机孔、微裂缝和残余粒间孔;页岩中黏土矿物含量最高;页岩中溶蚀孔的比例随有机质成熟度升高而增大。有机质热演化过程中产生的有机酸促进了基质孔隙发育,脆性矿物和胶结物充填了基质孔隙不利于孔隙发育,黏土矿物含量越高基质孔隙发育程度越低。     

鄂尔多斯盆地甘谷驿油田长6段低渗储层孔隙微观发育特征及成岩演化

针对甘谷驿油田长6段低孔低渗储层,结合区域沉积及地质资料,充分利用岩石薄片分析、压汞及扫描电镜分析,系统研究了该储层孔隙发育类型及特征、孔隙结构划分及孔隙演化机理。研究结果表明,长6段储层岩性以长石砂岩为主,孔隙度约10%,渗透率在(0.1~2.0)×10~(-3)μm~2,孔隙类型主要为残余粒间孔,其次为粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔及胶结物溶孔,局部发育微裂隙及晶间孔隙,总面孔率在5%左右。另外,依据孔隙结构参数及J函数法,将孔隙结构划分为4种类型。孔隙的发育特征与成岩作用密切相关,压实压溶作用、胶结充填作用、溶蚀作用对后期的孔隙演化均有重要作用,早期的成岩阶段以压实及胶结作用为主,形成原生残余粒间孔隙,而在成岩阶段后期,次生孔隙发育,形成2种类型次生孔隙,即浊沸石溶蚀孔以及绿泥石、水云母溶蚀形成的溶蚀孔。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中生界及上古生界页岩孔隙类型及特征研究

利用场发射扫描电镜对鄂尔多斯盆地中生界和上古生界的泥页岩孔隙特征进行观察,发现3种孔隙类型:①粒间孔,以黏土矿物间孔隙为主;②粒内孔,包括黏土矿物间孔隙、黄铁矿晶间孔和溶蚀孔;③裂缝,包括微裂缝和宏观裂缝。粒间孔和粒内孔是有效的页岩气储集空间,大量的微米—纳米级微裂缝是页岩气渗流的主要通道。由于热演化程度和干酪根类型的影响,有机质孔发育较少。     

特低渗砂岩储层微观结构及孔隙演化定量分析

为了表征鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长4+5油层组低孔特低渗长石砂岩的孔隙结构,进一步探讨孔隙演化及其控制因素,通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、高压压汞、X线衍射、粒度分析及物性等资料,分析总结出5种孔隙类型和4种喉道类型；结合成岩作用研究,采用定性分析与定量计算的方法分析孔隙演化过程.研究区储层孔隙以粒间孔、长石溶孔和粒间溶孔为主,发育点状、缩颈状和片状喉道,喉道具有细喉和微细喉的特点.成岩缝的发育改善储层的渗透性,相互连通的微裂缝网络是流体运移的最佳通道.运用未固结砂岩原始孔隙度与砂岩的分选系数的统计关系,恢复计算出研究区砂岩原始孔隙度平均为34.60％.在成岩过程中,机械压实作用和胶结作用对储层孔隙具有中等程度破坏作用,受二者影响,未固结砂岩49.4％的原生粒间孔被压实损失,28.7％的孔隙被胶结破坏.区内溶蚀作用较发育,溶蚀强度中等,并形成大量次生孔隙,使得孔隙度增加到11.33％,溶蚀作用的孔隙增加率为11.0％,极大地改善低孔特低渗砂岩储层的储集空间.定量计算结果与定性认识的一致性以及与室内物性测试结果的吻合性表明:研究方法与结论可靠,这对于同类储层孔隙演化的研究具有借鉴意义.     

孝泉-新场地区须四段砂岩储层微观孔隙结构特征

根据岩心观察、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及压汞曲线等分析,从孔隙类型、孔隙结构等方面对孝泉-新场地区上三叠统须家河组四段砂岩储层进行了深入的研究。研究区须家河组四段储层孔隙类型可分为原生残余粒间孔、次生粒间溶蚀孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、晶间孔和裂缝6种主要孔隙类型;研究区须四段砂岩中可见多种孔隙组合类型,主要有:残余原生粒间孔-溶孔型,晶间孔-溶孔型,其次还有少量的微孔、微裂缝型;孔隙结构可分为4种类型:Ⅰ类粗喉大孔型、Ⅱ类粗喉小孔型、Ⅲ类细喉大孔型以及Ⅳ类细喉小孔型等4种类型,其中Ⅰ类粗喉大孔型、Ⅱ类粗喉小孔型为较好类型储层孔隙结构,可以获得一定的工业产能。     

黔北地区二叠系龙潭组页岩微观孔隙特征及其储气性

为了深入研究黔北地区海陆过渡相页岩储层微观孔隙结构特征,选取了二叠系龙潭组钻井岩心页岩样品进行氩离子抛光-场发射扫描电镜实验、氮气吸脱附实验、及相关地化和等温吸附等测试,研究页岩微观孔隙类型及孔隙结构特征,并探讨微观孔隙对页岩储气性能的影响。研究结果表明,龙潭组页岩储层的孔隙类型主要包括粒间孔、粒内孔、有机质孔、微裂缝4种,以矿物颗粒粒间孔和黏土矿物粒内孔最为发育,有机质孔发育较少,这主要是因为Ⅲ型干酪根显微组分为结构稳定的镜质组和惰质组在生烃过程中不易产生有机质孔;氮气吸附实验结果显示龙潭组页岩孔隙类型复杂,主要表现为两类：细颈广体的墨水瓶孔隙和四边开口的平行狭缝型孔隙,孔径主要介于3～5nm,以发育中孔为主,BET比表面积平均为15.846m2/g,BIH总孔体积平均为0.01258ml/g;龙潭组页岩样品吸附气含量较高（平均为2.37m3/t）,页岩储层微观孔隙对吸附性能有重要的影响,其中吸附气含量与页岩的孔径呈负相关关系,与页岩的比表面积、孔体积呈较好的正相关关系,页岩的纳米级孔隙为烃类气体的赋存和运移提供了有利条件。     

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界致密砂岩储层微观孔隙特征

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界致密砂岩储层聚集了丰富的天然气资源,其作为一种重要的接替资源逐渐成为勘探开发的热点。通过储层岩心分析,结合压汞实验研究其孔喉结构特征,得到储层孔隙空间展布及地下微观特征,进而对比分析3种成岩作用对于储层孔隙特征的影响,结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界致密砂岩储层主要发育粒间孔隙、粒内溶孔、晶间孔和微裂缝4类孔隙;盒8和山1的主要孔隙类型是粒内溶孔和晶间孔;山2则是粒间孔,其次是晶间孔和粒内溶孔,其所占比例相当。3种成岩作用对储层孔隙特征都有很强的改造作用。其中压实作用对于孔隙度影响最大,溶蚀作用影响最小。强烈的压实作用也导致储层的微孔率很高。     

CHD盆地南翼山低渗裂缝储层潜在伤害因素分析

通过对南翼山区域主要含油气层段储层地质特征的详细研究,得出该储层岩石类型为非典型碎屑岩储层。岩石岩性划分为灰泥岩类、砂岩类、泥岩类及风暴岩类四种类型。南翼山油田物性总体较差,属典型中-低孔隙度、低-特低渗透率储层。孔隙类型主要包括粒间孔隙、溶蚀孔隙、微孔隙和微裂缝,储层中的微裂缝和敏感性损害是南翼山油田主要的潜在损害因素。     

H型钢柱梁节点试件的抗震性能分析

为明确不同节点域强度H型钢柱梁节点试件的抗震性能,通过5组不同节点域强度H型钢柱梁节点试件的加载试验,从试件的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、承载能力、刚度退化及能量耗散系数等多方面开展研究。结果表明:随着节点域强度提升,试件的屈服强度和初始刚度提升,而变形能力递减。节点域与梁强度比Rpjb在0. 8～0. 95范围内时,试件的延性较好;同时,Rpjb≥0. 8的各试件的最大承载力值接近;建议Rpjb控制在0. 9左右。     

Spontaneous transformation of C60Br24 to C60 in solvents

It was found that C₆₀Br₂₄ transforms to C₆₀ spontaneously in some solvents. The intermediate, C₆₀Br₈, can be separated in some cases. When the bromine trap, phenol, was added,p-bromophenol and other brominated product were obtained and identified. The influences of time, the kind of solvent, etc were investigated. Possible mechanism was suggested. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Liu Ying: born in 1969, Ph. D     

Zn掺杂锐钛矿TiO2的电子结构及光学性质的研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理对Zn掺杂锐钛矿TiO_2进行了结构优化,并对掺杂前后的能带结构、电子态密度和吸收光谱进行了计算。研究表明:Zn掺杂锐钛矿TiO_2体系为间接带隙半导体,在价带顶部引入了杂质能级,杂质能级主要由O-2p轨道和Zn-3d轨道贡献,杂质能级的引入增强了TiO_2对可见光区的响应,增大TiO_2的光吸收范围。实验结果表明:Zn掺杂使锐钛矿TiO_2吸收边红移,并能增强TiO_2的光电效应,可用于材料的光阴极保护。     

Distribution of C4 plants along the Northeast China transect and its correlation to the environmental factors

The distribution of C₄ plants and the C₄/C₃ ratio along Northeast China transect (NECT) have been studied. A model to quantify their relation with environmental factors has been set up. The ratio of the number of C₄ plants to that of C₃ plants along NECT shows two low and two high trends from east to west, and their distribution is mainly decided by annual average temperature and precipitation.     

广西柳州市主城区主要绿化植物叶片的全硫氮含量特征

通过测试,找出柳州市主城区吸收SO_2、NO_2能力强的植物,为今后城市生态修复和功能型园林绿化提供素材。以广西柳州市主城区内61种绿化植物为对象,采用HNO_3-HClO_4、H_2SO_4-H_2O_2消煮法,对其叶片的全硫、全氮含量进行测定。结果表明,所选61种绿化植物的全硫含量为0.024%-0.711%,全氮含量为0.007%-0.207%。根据硫含量,可将61种绿化植物分为3个等级,其中一级(≥0.55%)有1个种,二级(0.15%-0.55%) 26个种,三级(≤0.15%) 34个种。根据全氮含量,可将61种绿化植物分为3个等级,其中一级(≥0.14%)有10个种,二级(0.06%-0.14%) 38个种,三级(≤0.06%) 13个种。61种绿化植物全硫、全氮含量均较高的为文殊兰、洋紫荆、秋枫、合果芋、鸢尾、荷花玉兰、朱槿、红花羊蹄甲、木槿、针葵、冷水花、红叶李、鸡冠刺桐、吊钟、吊竹梅、紫色梅、山杜英、银海枣、毛杜鹃,这些植物吸收SO_2、NO_2能力强,在治理城市空气污染方面具有较好的应用前景。     

The formation and stability of Si1-x C x alloys in Si implanted with carbon ions

Si_1-xC_x alloys of carbon (C) concentration between 0.6%—1.0% were grown in Si by ion implantation and high temperature annealing. The formation of Si_1-xC_x alloys under different ion doses and their stability during annealing were studied. If the implanted dose was less than that for amorphizing Si crystals, the implanted C atoms would like to combine with defects produced during implantation and it was difficult to form Si_1-xC_x alloys after being annealed at 850℃. With the increment of implanted C ion doses, the lattice damage increased and it was easier to form Si_1-xC_x alloys. But the lattice strain would become saturate and only part of implanted carbon atoms would occupy the substitutional positions to form Si_1-xC_x alloys as the implanted carbon dose increased to a certain degree. Once Si_1-xC_x alloys were formed, they were stable at 950℃, but part of their strain would release as the annealing temperature increased to 1 000℃. Stability of the alloys became worse with the increment of carbon concentration in the alloys.     

利用固体电解质在CaCl_2熔盐中电解固态SiO_2制备Si

通过对固态SiO_2的理论分解电压进行计算,比较分析了惰性阳极和炭阳极条件下SiO_2电解还原的特点。利用ZrO_2(Y_2O_3)固体电解质管集成构建以Pt,O_2(Ar)|ZrO_2(Y_2O_3)为参比电极的三电极电解池,研究了惰性阳极条件下在CaCl_2熔盐中电解固态SiO_2阴极绿色制备Si的可行性。理论计算结果表明,SiO_2在惰性阳极条件下进行电解还原相比使用炭阳极时难度较大,降低气相中的氧分压有利于SiO_2的电解还原。实验结果表明,在惰性阳极条件下借助三电极电解池电解SiO_2可以成功制备Si,相应电解过程可用三相界线反应机制进行解释。     

Preparation and characterization of some surface negatively charged residue mutants of cytochrome b5

Site-directed mutagenesis was used to obtain seven variants of tryptic fragment of bovine liver cytochrome b_m5 (cyt b₅), in which the negatively charged residues around the heme exposed edge of cyt b₅ were replaced by hydrophobic amino acid alanine. Double-site mutants, triple-site mutants and even quadruple-site mutants were obtained. DNA sequencing and molecular weight measurements of the mutant proteins both confirmed that these site-directed mutagenesises were successfully performed. Spectroelectrochemistry of these mutant proteins revealed that the apparent redox potentials of these mutant proteins caused a positive shift of 2–10 mV. The global structure of these mutant proteins did not show much difference from that of the wild type cyt b₅, providing a solid base for the further study on the roles of the proteins’ surface charges.     

Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of horseradish peroxidase in MnO2 nanosheet film

A novel material MnO2 nanosheet has been used as the support matrix for the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase （HRP）. HRP entrapped in MnO2 nanosheet film exhibits facile direct electron transfer with the electron transfer rate constant of 6.86 s^-1. The HRP/MnO2 nanosheet film gives a reversible redox couple with the apparent formal peak potential （E^0＇） of -0.315 V （vs. Ag/AgCl） in pH 6.5 phosphate buffer solution （PBS）. The formal potential E^0＇ of HRP shifts linearly with pH with a slope of -53.75 mV.pH^-1, denoting that an electron transfer accompanies single-proton transportation. The immobilized HRP shows an electrocatslytic activity to the reduction of H2O2. The response time of the biosensor for H2O2 is less than 3 s, and the detection limit is 0.21 μmol · L^-1 based on signal/noise = 3.