基于车道变换的立交最小净距模型

为了充分发挥城市外环路对不同车流对象的服务功能,解决两互通式立交之间因间距不够引起的各种交通问题,建立了两独立互通式立交之间的最小净距模型。分析了驾驶人对道路交通信息的发现、识别、分析、判断等心理、生理反应过程,建立了驾驶人车道变换模型,根据调查资料得出运行速度与驾驶人变道转角之间的回归关系,分析了驾驶人在寻找可接受间隙期间行驶的距离,得出了两互通式立交净距的关系模型,并结合深圳外环高速公路进行了实例分析。研究结果表明:距离较近的两互通立交之间宜适当减少非必要道路交通标志的设置;双向6车道设计速度分别为100km/h和80km/h时,互通立交之间的净距不宜小于1 410m和880m;大型车比例较高或交通组织混合严重的互通式立交最小净距宜适当增加180~200m。     

隧道与互通式立交出口最小间距需求分析

为确定高速公路隧道出口与互通式立交出口的最小需求间距,分析了隧道与互通式立交出口间距过近路段的交通事故特征,分别从隧道出口驾驶人的"明适应"、驾驶人对立交出口位置的识别、完整认读标志并操作的需要等方面,对需求距离进行了研究,提出了高速公路隧道与互通式立交出口保障安全需要的最小间距值。分析结果表明,在高速公路二级服务水平下,隧道出口与互通式立交出口的极限最小间距不宜小于600 m,一般值宜大于800 m。     

快速路合流区大型车换道时空特征及风险研究

为了研究大型车换道行为特性及其风险状况,基于无人机拍摄与图像识别技术,采集快速路合流区大型车运动轨迹数据,并对其换道特性和时空风险进行分析。结果表明：大型车换道持续时间的平均值为5.28 s,前半时间平均值为2.60 s,后半时间平均值为2.68 s,纵向换道行驶距离平均值为78.12 m,均服从Weibull分布,且均与换道速度显著相关,大型车换道持续时间及前半时间均和与原车道前车间距、与目标车道前车间距显著相关,前半时间还与沿车道线距离显著相关;75.40%的大型车在合流区瓶颈路段前100 m内开始变道,且由外侧车道向内侧车道依次扩散;大型车与原车道前车的车间距和相对速度平均值最小,分别为22.91 m、-0.90 m/s,若换道间隙较小,驾驶员更倾向于在换道间隙缩小缓慢或不断扩大时换道;大型车换道时与原车道前车的碰撞风险最高,约有15.32%大型车换道时与前车处于不安全状态。     

高速公路互通立交最小间距研究

互通式立交的最小间距是在保证相邻互通式立交之间的交通流稳定、满足设计服务水平和交通安全要求的前提下，对互通式立交设置最小间距的一个控制要素；目前，国内部分高等院校及科研机构对高速公路互通立交最小间距进行了深入研究，文章结合相关研究成果及项目实例，分析了独立的2座互通立交间距对交通安全性的影响。     

山区高速公路紧急避险车道辅助车道设置

通过对8处紧急避险车道主线外侧车道车头时距的收集与分析,运用拟合分析和卡方检验,发现当外侧车道交通流小于500veh·h-1时,车头时距符合负指数分布.考虑主线外侧车道交通流量、失控车辆的速度与失控车辆汇入的临界间隙,应用微分法求导得到失控车辆汇入主线外侧车道的汇入概率模型.通过分析失控车辆汇入主线外侧车道的换车道驾驶行为,得到了不同路面状况下车辆汇入临界间隙.在保证失控车辆95%的汇入成功率条件下,计算不同路面状况、主线外侧交通流量与驶入速度下的辅助车道长度设置值.     

高速公路中间带安全侧向净距值

为了研究高速公路中间带安全侧向净距值,在具有代表性的试验路段实测了超车道上行驶车辆的行驶速度与相应的内侧净距.用数理统计的方法研究了不同车型的车辆行驶时的内侧净距与车速的关系,分析了路缘石对内侧净距的影响,从安全角度提出了高速公路中间带安全侧向净距值.研究结果表明:汽车行驶时的内侧净距与车速呈线性关系;位于护栏外侧的凸起路缘石,对汽车行驶的安全侧向净距有一定影响;中国许多正在运营的采用分设型布设中央分隔带护栏的高速公路安全侧向净距不足.     

基于轨迹数据的高速公路养护维修作业区车辆换道特性研究

为了确保高速公路养护维修作业区人车安全、科学制定交通组织和管控措施,基于无人机航拍行车风险区域内高质量交通流视频,提取车辆运行轨迹数据以研究车辆换道特性.为克服将开启转向灯作为车辆换道起始点的不合理之处,提出根据车辆运行轨迹线与车道线之间的几何关系确定车辆换道起始点、结束点的方法;提出利用行车风险区各车道换道频数、频率热力图描述换道起始点空间分布的方法;建立二次回归模型,刻画分车道的车辆换道长度与换道起始点的关系.研究结果表明:封闭车道上的车辆需要全部换道,可通行车道上部分车辆也存在换道行为,且距封闭车道越近受影响越大,车辆换道率越高;各车道车辆换道行为存在横向延迟扩散现象,距离封闭车道越远的可通行车道上车辆换道频率高的区域出现越晚;随着换道起始点越来越靠近工作区,行车风险区域内车辆换道长度呈下降趋势,并且距封闭车道越远的可通行车道上车辆换道长度下降越明显.     

互通立交单车道入口小客车运行速度模型

为了确定高速公路互通式立交单车道入口小客车运行速度特征,计算小客车在高速公路互通式立交入口处的运行速度模型,确保车辆在衔接段运行速度之间的协调,使车辆安全运行,在分析高速公路互通立交单车道入口处小客车运行速度实测数据基础上,得出小客车在入口处运行规律。使用链式开普勒雷达测速仪对入口处小客车速度进行实时采集,选取8条匝道特征点(合流鼻、合流点以及加速车道终点)处自由流状态下小客车速度作为分析样本,采用K-S检验对所取样本进行正态分布检验,在满足检验要求并分析三角区段和加速换道段速度及加速度特性后,确定自变量参数。最后利用SPSS软件进行回归分析,分别建立了小客车在合流点及加速车道终点处运行速度预测模型,并用4条匝道对模型进行了验证。研究结果表明:合流点处车辆运行速度与合流鼻速度及三角区段长度呈正相关,与平曲线半径倒数呈负相关;加速车道终点处运行速度与合流鼻速度及加速换道段长度呈正相关,与平曲线半径倒数呈负相关;模型通过了回归等式及回归参数显著性和平均相对误差检验,模型预测值与实测值相对误差平均值均小于10%,所建模型满足精度要求。研究结果对《公路项目安全性评价规范》(JTG B05—2015)中车辆运行速度相关规定进行补充说明,为高速公路安全性评价及设计提供理论支撑与参考。     

高速公路中互通式立交出、入口的安全设计

本文结合隆百高速公路中互通式立交的设计相关资料,主要探讨了互通式立交设计中的出、入口的安全设计的主要内容,从出入口集散车道的安全设计、辅助车道的安全设计等进行了详细的阐述。     

互通立交变速车道长度探究

变速车道是互通式立交中,车辆在该区段上实现分流、变速、合流和车道转移,主线车道和匝道之间的一段附加车道．也很容易诱发交通事故。若变速车道设计不当,则会造成行车不适,鉴于互通式立交对周边地区的影响本文从变速车道的形式选择出发,对变速车道的长度计算进行了分析,并对出口匝道进行了设计,研究结果具有一定的工程参考价值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.