川东北宋家洞石笋氧碳同位素及锶含量突变分析

通过对宋家洞石笋SJ3的氧碳同位素及锶含量进行Mann-Kendall test突变分析,得出以下结论:(1)氧同位素值记录了末次冰盛期向Heinrich Event 1时期的转变;(2)碳同位素值和锶含量记录了由H1冷期向BФlling-AllerФd暖期的转变;(3)碳同位素值和锶含量指示了在19.8～15.3ka时当地的东亚夏季风和冬季风呈正相关关系,在15.3～14.8 ka呈负相关关系,表明石笋SJ3记录了古气候环境的冷干、暖湿变化,且不同气候指标对环境变化的敏感度不同。     

洞庭盆地末次冰期中晚期以来黑褐色土壤剖面野火记录及气候关联

洞庭盆地澧阳玉成黑褐色土壤剖面记录了末次冰期中晚期以来火生态的演变过程.通过野外采样和分析测试,参照可靠AMS-14C测年和考古数据断代,利用沉积物中高分辨率炭屑和黑碳数据,探讨该区域末次冰期中晚期以来的野火发生和快速气候变化以及植被演替的相互作用.结果表明:该研究区域氧同位素MIS3(Marine Isotope Stage,56.0~23.0 ka BP)期间,气候冷干向暖干转变,野火发生十分有限;氧同位素MIS2(23.0~10.6 ka BP)阶段,气候冷湿,C_3木本植被明显增加.然而,随着百年-千年尺度气候冷事件发生,冬季风加强和可燃物干燥程度的增加,促使区域和本地野火普遍发生;氧同位素MIS1(10.6~7.0 ka BP)阶段,随着气温和降水的增加,植被由温带落叶阔叶混交林(C_3木本)所取代,致使区域野火明显下降.洞庭盆地野火发生与末次冰期快速突变气候事件(Heinrich and Younger Drays events)密切关联表明千年尺度野火机制模式受到北半球太阳辐射所控制的东亚夏季风强弱和全球冰量变化以及植被演替的共同影响.     

黄土磁化率对千年-百年尺度气候事件的记录及其古气候意义

中国黄土高原的黄土-古土壤风尘堆积序列具有粒度细、沉积速率高和连续性好等特征,是古气候学研究的重要组成部分。黄土沉积物在轨道尺度上与全球气候关系密切,可以记录千年-百年尺度的快速气候事件。中国黄土古气候学取得的核心成果之一,就是磁化率可以作为东亚夏季风替代性指标,然而,磁化率在古气候研究中存在多解性,导致其在高分辨率研究中应用较少。文中选择黄土高原的赵家川和巴谢剖面磁化率数据,通过与格陵兰冰心和中国石笋等高分辨率古气候记录进行对比,发现赵家川剖面磁化率记录了4次Heinrich事件,巴谢剖面磁化率记录了全新世以来新仙女木、9.2 ka和4.2 ka 3次气候快速恶化事件。通过对比分析巴谢剖面磁化率记录的3次快速气候事件及其可能的驱动因素,认为太阳辐射减弱可能是主要因素。     

更新世以来,石笋、冰芯记录的气候变化及驱动机制研究

格陵兰冰芯和北大西洋沉积揭示了25 ka至今存在着一系列的冷暖突变由于这些气候突变事件变化速度快,温度振幅大引起了全球古气候学家的关注。本文对格陵兰冰芯近25 ka以来δ18O的变化曲线与石笋记录进行了对比,对比结果显示,石笋记录和冰芯记录中都揭示了东亚夏季风降水史中的Heinrich事件和YD事件,两者有着很好的对比关系,但也不排除两者存在着一定的差别,主要原因可能由于石笋的生长环境与冰芯的形成背景有着一定的差异性,导致两折限时的记录也存在一定的差异,特别是在时间上,存在了2000多年的事件差距。     

安固里淖自生碳酸盐碳氧同位素组成与环境

湖泊自生碳酸盐碳氧同位素变化是反映内陆湖泊水环境与气候环境的重要指标．通过在河北坝上安固里淖钻取沉积样柱,分样进行自生碳酸盐矿物类型分析和碳氧同位素分析,结合剖面的纹层年代以及粒度分析和易溶盐分析,对湖泊地区的全新世古环境进行了探讨：8507—7909 a B．P．,湖区气温较高,蒸发量大,夏季风先减弱随后增强．7909—7004 a B．P．,冬季风较强,气温低,蒸发量小,湖水盐度高;7004—5491 a B．P．,气温较高,降雨量大,湖水冰冻时间短,相当于大暖期鼎盛阶段;5491—4617 a B．P．,大气湿度低,气温低,冬季风较强,湖泊冰冻时间长,代表大暖期气候剧烈波动阶段;4617—574 a B．P．,冬季风较强,降水量少,河流补给少,湖泊冰冻时间较长;574 a B．P．至今,冬季风较弱,冰冻时间缩短,气候向暖湿发展．安固里淖自生碳酸盐碳氧同位素反映的环境变化与我国北方地区的全新世环境以及海平面的变化基本一致。     

新仙女木事件内部百年尺度弱季风事件的龙腑宫洞石笋记录

基于湖北省神农架龙腑宫洞一支石笋(LFG21)7个U/Th年龄和461组氧、碳同位素数据,建立了末次冰消期12.42~10.53 ka B.P.平均分辨率达3 a的亚洲夏季风强度演化序列.LFG21石笋δ~(18)O详细记录了新仙女木事件(YD)期间的季风突变细节,揭示了YD事件内部的不稳定性.在YD事件结构特征和转型模式上,石笋记录与格陵兰冰芯δ~(18)O记录具有良好的一致性,支持北高纬驱动机制以及高低纬之间的气候联系.其中,在~11.71 ka B.P.氧、碳同位素明显正偏,δ~(18)O从-8.6‰快速正偏至-7.9‰,δ~(13)C从-7.4‰快速正偏至-6.0‰,指示YD内部存在百年尺度的弱季风事件,持续时间为~200 a.这些特征与南京葫芦洞石笋δ~(18)O记录H1事件的内部结构和转型特征十分相似,暗示两者很可能受到同一驱动机制的影响.通过高、低纬地质资料的对比研究和波谱分析,本文认为YD内部百年尺度季风突变事件可能与热带大洋水汽输送变化导致的亚洲季风区水文循环异常以及太阳活动密切相关.     

贵州双河洞海洋同位素阶段11期石笋碳氧同位素记录及古环境意义

采用铀系定年法对双河洞石笋SW01进行年代测定及碳、氧同位素分析,以探讨石笋形成时的古环境信息。结果表明,石笋顶部沉积年代在海洋同位素阶段11期,山王洞形成年代在远早于海洋同位素阶段11期(MIS11)阶段。石笋δ~(18)O值为-8.85‰～-8.39‰,变化趋势与三宝洞同时期石笋SB-14相一致,但值略重。δ~(13)C阈值为-3.89‰～-2.55‰,意味着地表植被以C4植物为主,气候较干旱。结合MIS11阶段的气候特点,推断山王洞区域在MIS11阶段后期气候温暖且相对干燥,降雨量逐渐减少,大气降水量存在旋回性。     

三门峡王官与武威沙沟黄土记录中的末次间冰期向末次冰期转换期的暖性回返事件

河南三门峡王官剖面与甘肃武威沙沟剖面捕捉到了末次间冰期向末次冰期转换时期发生于72 ka前后持续时间约为2 ka的一暖性回返事件,两剖面的冬、夏季风替代指标对该暖性回返事件的反应在时间上大致同步(其时间段约为71～73 ka,在71.4～72.1 ka前后该暖性回返事件最强盛),暗示该暖性回返事件在东亚季风区可能是一普遍存在的气候突变事件.鉴于该暖性回返事件在全球其他地区的海洋、陆地、冰芯记录中也有较普遍的反映,我们认为该事件很可能是一次发生于气候转型期的全球普遍存在的暖性突变事件.     

大厂凹陷MIS3阶段以来沉积物地球化学特征分析

深海氧同位素3-1阶段是指深海沉积物有孔虫氧同位素记录的第四纪末次冰期至冰后期的一个时期,期间气候表现为间冰阶、极端寒冷、多次千年尺度气候事件至最后转暖多个变化特征,相关气候变化沉积响应及影响因素等科学问题一直以来备受关注。然而,该时期相关千年尺度气候事件的记录及讨论在华北平原地区仍有争议,为探讨华北平原西北地区在该阶段的气候特征,本研究在大厂凹陷区天然剖面进行高密度碳14断代样品测试,并开展常量和微量元素地球化学含量分析,获得地球化学数据变化趋势特征,结果表明,该剖面年代从32.5ka至8.2 ka,处于深海氧同位素3阶段末期至深海氧同位素1阶段早期。在该时段,主量元素氧化物TFe2O3、Al2O3、SiO2、MgO、CaO、Na2O与K2O与微量元素Sr、V、Ni、Co、Ga、Cu、Ba、Cr和Zn均呈现一致的变化趋势;在MIS2末次冰盛期和MIS1早期中的B?lling-Aller?d暖期和新仙女木冷期,K/Na、Al/Na、化学蚀变指数 、化学风化指数 和古温度等指标与东亚季风区气候呈现一致的变化,同时与全球尺度的事件具有同步性,因此认为晚更新世晚期华北平原的气候变化可归因于全球气候系统下东亚季风区的演化。     

对黄土磁化率、粒度年龄模型的检验

以甘肃临夏塬堡黄土剖面的土壤地层界线MIS1/2、MIS3/4的年龄作为节点控制年龄依据.MIS1/2,MIS3/4年龄的获取据目前国际上最新的研究成果南京葫芦洞石笋所测气候事件年龄,即MIS1/2为11.5ka B.P.,MIS3/4为59.8ka B.P.,将这两种气候事件年龄组成3种节点年龄控制模式,即模式1:0—59.8ka B.P.;模式2:0—11.5ka B.P.和11.5—59.8ka B.P.;模式3:11.5—59.8ka B.P.分别作为节点控制年龄,运用磁化率年龄模型和粒度年龄模型计算研究剖面各个层位的地层沉积时间,并将计算的相同层位年龄进行比较,同时将AMS14C,OSL测年,YD,H事件年龄与利用3种模式作为节点控制年龄计算的相应层位的年龄进行比较,结合剖面岩性和气候阶段分析研究后发现,磁化率年龄模型和粒度年龄模型均存在不足,但在冰期或间冰期内,选用较准确的控制年龄作为节点,用磁化率或粒度年龄模型高分辨率确定的地层沉积时间均较接近地层沉积的实际年龄,但就两种年龄模型的相对精度和准确性而言,磁化率年龄模型更准确一些.     

The δ18O variation of a stalagmite from Qixing Cave, Guizhou Province and indicated climate change during the Holocene

A stalagmite from Qixing Cave, Guizhou Province was dated with the TIMS U-series method and its oxygen isotope composition was analyzed. On the basis of the ages and the variations of the δ¹⁸O of the stalagmite, the climate change of the last 7.7 ka has been reconstructed in this area: 7.7–5.8 ka, summer monsoon maximum period; 5.8–3.8 ka summer monsoon weakening period; 3.8–0.15 ka, weakened summer monsoon and high amplitude climate fluctuations period. We put forward that the increasing trend of δ¹⁸O of the stalagmite reflected not only the weakening of the summer monsoon, which was caused by the decreasing of solar radiation in the Northern Hemisphere, but also the possibly decreasing contribution of the southwest monsoon to the rainfall of this area. These results are consistent with the output of the numerical climate-model modeling. The high amplitude fluctuation of the δ¹⁸O may imply the quick shift of the contributions of different moisture sources to the precipitation in this area.     

Orbital- and millennial-scale variability of the Asian monsoon during MIS8 from Sanbao Cave at Mount Shennongjia,central China

One stalagmite oxygen isotope record from Sanbao Cave, China, established with 7 230Th ages and 355 oxygen isotope data, pro- vides a continuous history of the East Asian Monsoon (EAM) intensity for the period from 284 to 240 thousand years before present (ka BP) with typical errors of 3―4 ka. This new record extends the previously published stalagmite δ18O record back to the marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 8. The MIS8 EAM record broadly follows orbitally-induced insolation variations and is punctuated by...     

The reconstruction and interpretations of lake status at 6 ka and 18 ka B.P.in inland mainland Asia

By means of survey of literature through compilations of sedimentological, biogeological and geomorphologic data, the inland lake level changes in arid or semi-arid mainland Asia at 6 and 18 ka B. P. have been reconstructed. The results showed that the lakes from western and northwestern Asia were characterized by very high water levels at 18 ka B. P., but low or intermediate water stands at 6 ka B. P. The high lake level in this region was associated with the southward displacement of westerlies, therefore, the extent of the high lake stand indicated the southern flank of westerlies during the glaciation. Conversely, the lakes from the eastern and southern Asia registered comparative low levels at 18 ka B. P. and significantly high one at 6 ka B. P. The lowering of lake level at 18 ka B. P. was caused by the weakened summer monsoon and the high lake level at 6 ka B. P. by the enhanced summer monsoon induced by the enlarged thermal contrast between land and ocean. The extent of high lake levels indicated the northern boundary of monsoon expansion. Between the above two regions, there is a climatic transitional zone in the Central Asia where the lake behavior was close to that in southeastern Asia at 6 ka B. P. but became similar to that in northwestern Asia at 18 ka B. P. Thus this zone became a transitional sector from the monsoon to the westerlies.     

A high-resolution stalagmite O-C isotope record from Nanjing and its rapid response to climatic events

Here we discussed rapid response of the cave temperature and vegetation to the four Dansgaard-Oeschger cold and warm cycles during 50-40 kaBP based on results of oxygen and carbon stable isotopic compositions from a stalagmite in Tangshan, Nanjing. It is found that the amount of C₃ vegetation relative to C₄-type declines during the D-O warm events, indicating the decrease of the effective meteoric precipitation. Compared with O-isotope records of the Greenland ice core, the stalagmite record displays a very similar pattern to Greenland ice core record over the decade-century time scale, suggesting that the changes of the East Asian monsoon climate are in accordance with the high-latitude polar climate in the short-term time scale. The age of the ice-rafted H5 event in the stalagmite record, however, preceded that of Greenland ice cores by 2 ka. This out of phase between the remote areas cannot be yet proven because the two time scales were determined from different dating methods.     

Relations between sedimentary sequence and paleoclimatic changes during last 200 ka in the southern South China Sea

Core NS-93-5 was taken from the mild slope terrace of the southern South China Sea (SCS), which has preserved the steadiness depositional record of the normal marine environment since late Quaternary. Sedimentary sequence and oxygen isotopic stratigraphy of high resolution in the near 200 ka of the southern SCS has been established. By the comparative analysis with GISP2's ice core, the depositional record of D/O's events 1-21 and Heinrich's events H1-H6 in the southern SCS that reflected the quick climate change in short time scale since the last interglacial stage is revealed, which indicates that in the last 200 ka in the southern SCS and the Arctic area there was tele-connection of paleoclimate and the unstability of the Western Pacific Warm Pool. This note shows that the sedimentary layers order of this sea area classified by color identification and by oxygen isotope stratum has the very good corresponding relation. The color feature of sediment changes along with the climate and the former arranges a stagnant time of 1-1.5 ka generally. It was suggested that the paleoclimatic changes resulted in the rise and fall of sea level, the open and close of strait thoroughfare and the upwelling activity, which causes the changes of the oxidation-reduction condition of deep water along with the dynamic environment in this sea area, thus producing the different sediment features of sea bed. In addition, a volcanic ash layer, about 17 cm thick, has been found in the transition of oxygen isotope 4/5 stage, which is related with the Toba's volcanic eruption.     

Abrupt climate change of EastAsian Monsoon at 130 kaBP inferred from a high resolu-tion stalagmite δ18O record

^230Th ages and oxygen isotope data of a stalagmite from Shanbao Cave in Hubei Province characterize the East Asian Monsoon precipitation from 133 to 127ka. The decadal-scale high-resolution δ^18O record reveals a detailed transitional process from the Penultimate Glaciation to the Last Interglaciation. As established with ^230Th dates, the age of the Termination Ⅱ is determined to be 129.5±1.0 kaBP, which supports the Northern Hemisphere insolation as the triggers for the ice-age cycles. In our δ^18O record, the glacial/interglacial fluctuation reaches about 4‰, almost the same level as in other Asian Monsoon cave stalagmite δ^18O records. The transition of the glacial/interglacial period in our record can be recognized as four stepwise stages, among which, a rapid rise of monsoon precipitation follows the stage of “Termination Ⅱ pause”. The rapid rise is synchronous with the abrupt change of global methane concentration, which reflects that an increase in both Asian Monsoon precipitation and tropical wetland plays an important role in the global climate changes.     

Long-term trend and abrupt events of the Holocene Asian monsoon inferred from a stalagmite δ18O record from Shennongjia in Central China

The middle-Holocene was a period of profound cul- ture transitions: the Neolithic culture around Central China[1], Mesopotamia[2] and India[3] all mysteriously collapsed around 4 ka . It is plausible that this civiliza-tion collapse can be contributed to …     

Changes in palaeoproductivity of Genggahai Lake over the past 16 ka in the Gonghe Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Sequential samples of a 7.82-m sediment core from Genggahai Lake in the central Gonghe Basin,controlled with 12 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14 C dates,have been analysed for total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents,carbon isotope of bulk organic matter (δ 13 C org),and carbonate content.Plant macrofossils and stem encrustations,derived mainly from the species of P.pectinatus,M.spicatum and Chara spp.,were identified,and they dominated the aquatic plant community of the lake.Alternations of plant macrofossils of Chara spp.and the vascular species reflect the changing productivity of the lake over time.In such a shallow lake,the carbonate content is highly related to photosynthesis of aquatic macrophytes and thus indirectly indicates variations in productivity,consistent with a quantitative estimate of palaeoproductivity.Based on these results,the palaeoproductivity history was reconstructed over the past ca.16 ka.The lake was formed or recharged at 15.3 cal ka BP,as indicated by aeolian sand deposits at the core base.A marked increase in palaeoproductivity occurred from 15.3 to 11.6 cal ka BP.Between 11.6 and 9.2 cal ka BP,a sharply increased water-level,modulated probably by the enhanced Asian summer monsoon,might have exceeded the optimum water depth for macrophyte vegetation,causing a marked decline in coverage of aquatic macrophytes and low palaeoproductivity.The palaeoproductivity appeared to be high in the early stage of the period from 9.2 to 7.4 cal ka BP,and then decreased at approximately 8.6 cal ka BP.The palaeoproductivity sustained an overall high level between 7.4 and 2.1 cal ka BP,and decreased gradually since 2.1 cal ka BP.Our results suggest that the variability of Genggahai Lake palaeoproductivity may be associated with fluctuations of the lake level controlled by the strength of the Asian summer monsoon,probably indicating changes in the Asian summer monsoon.