延衰合剂对D-半乳糖诱导的亚急性衰老小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究

目的 研究延衰合剂( yanshuai mixture,YSM)对D-半乳糖所致亚急性衰老小鼠胸腺、脾脏组织结构及白介素2水平的影响.方法 选昆明系小鼠,用D-半乳糖建立衰老模型.应用光镜、电镜技术观察延衰合剂治疗前后衰老小鼠胸腺、脾脏的形态学改变;检测胸腺指数及脾脏指数;酶联免疫分析法检测血清白介素2的变化.结果 衰...     

早期母子隔离应激对大鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的探讨早期母子隔离应激对幼鼠学习记忆能力的影响。方法30只SD新生大鼠用于实验,实验随机分成3组,正常对照纽、母子隔离15分钟纽、母子隔离3小时纽。在生后40天,三组大鼠进行Morris水迷宫及记录海马脑片长时程增强电位（LTP）实验。结果Morris水迷宫测试,与正常组比较母子隔离3h组大鼠寻找平台需要的潜伏期延长（P〈0．05）,而母子隔离15分钟组大鼠寻找平台需要的潜伏期与正常组比较则无明显变化（P〉0．05）;海马脑片长时程增强电位提示：正常对照组条件刺激（CS）前后fEPSP斜率变化率为：64．7±22．9％;母子隔离3h组为：35．3±14．2％,低于正常组（P〈0．01）;母子隔离15min组为：66．3±29．7％,与正常组比较无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结论幼鼠生后早期过度的应激导致大鼠的学习记忆能力减弱。     

早期营养不良对SD大鼠海马AchE和ChAT表达的影响

目的探讨生命早期营养不良对21天雄性sD大鼠中枢AchE和ChAT的影响。方法从妊娠晚期到哺乳期末给予母鼠半量饲料,造成子鼠营养不良,取哺乳期末雄性子鼠脑海马组织进行测量。结果免疫组化结果示：实验组海马CA3区ChAT光密度低于对照组（P〈0．05）,在CA!区无差异（P〉0．05）;而两纽间CAl和CA3区AchE光密度均无差异（P〉0．05）;RT—PCR示：实验组海马ChAT、AchEmRNA少于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论早期营养不良能导致子鼠海马及中枢胆碱能系统发育障碍,可能会影响成年后大鼠学习记忆能力。     

刚地弓形虫RH株感染对BALB／c小鼠情绪行为的影响

目的研究刚地弓形虫RH株感染对BALB／c小鼠学习记忆行为的影响及可能机制。方法将72只周龄、大小相近的雄性BALB／c小鼠采用随机数字表分为生理盐水对照组与不同数量（3×10^3／ml、3×10^4／ml、3×10^5／m1）弓形虫RH株感染组,每组18只。于感染第5周从每组各随机抽取6只分别进行高架十字迷宫实验、旷场实验及强迫游泳实验,观察各组小鼠在实验中情绪行为变化。并记录各项指标进行统计分析。结果在高架迷宫试验与旷场实验中,3×10^3／ml弓形虫感染组小鼠与生理盐水对照组小鼠比较,各项行为学指标无明显差异。在3×10^4／ml、3×10^5／ml弓形虫感染组小鼠与对照组小鼠比较出现明显降低（P〈0．05）．以3×10^5／ml感染组最为明显,其小鼠运动活力（0E＋cE）、进入开放臂次数比例（OE％）、开放臂停留时间比例（OT％）小鼠爬行总格数、中央格在总格数中比例分别为11．08±2．12、28．73±0．59％、25．62±2．33％、32．30±17．26、2．42±0．65％。在强迫游泳试验中,各弓形虫感染组小鼠游泳的静止时间均高于对照组小鼠（P〈0．05）,3×10^5／ml感染组静止时间最长,达226．6±1．9S。结论刚地弓形虫RH株感染可引起小鼠情绪行为改变,具有焦虑抑郁倾向。     

氧化酪蛋白对小鼠组织抗氧化能力及血液肽组成的影响

目的研究酪蛋白经过加热氧化和脂质过氧化物MDA氧化后,对小鼠体内氧化还原状态及小鼠血液中肽组成的影响。方法酪蛋白经100℃加热（0、30、60、90min）和丙二醛（MDA）氧化（MDA终浓度0、0．2、20、200mmol／L）处理,测定其羰基、巯基含量及表面疏水性的变化。小鼠分为四组,分别灌胃生理盐水、正常酪蛋白、加热90rain、MDA氧化酪蛋白,测定0、30、60、90、120、160min血液中自由基水平,并采用HPLC-MS分析灌胃后120min小鼠血浆肽组分的变化,测定小鼠的肝脏、空肠、十二指肠组织抗氧化能力指标（总抗氧化能力T—AOC、丙二醛MDA、还原型谷胱甘肽GSH）。结果酪蛋白经过两种氧化处理,羰基含量均随氧化程度呈显著上升,巯基含量呈下降趋势。加热氧化后酪蛋白表面疏水性比正常酪蛋白低,而MDA氧化导致疏水性上升。小鼠血液中自由基最高峰出现在灌胃后160min。灌胃两种方式处理的酪蛋白,血液中自由基的含量均显著高于灌胃正常酪蛋白组（P〈0．05）,肝脏、空肠、十二指肠还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）均低于正常酪蛋白组,丙二醛（MDA）含量显著提高（P〈0．05）。HPLC—MS分析显示,灌胃MDA氧化酪蛋白组血液中肽组成与对照组不同,出现c7H15N4O含羰基类的物质：结论氧化会导致酪蛋白理化性质的改变,摄入氧化酪蛋白引起机体的氧化应激,降低组织抗氧化能力。     

MPTP慢性帕金森病小鼠海马内氧化应激与细胞凋亡蛋白的表达

目的 观察 MPTP慢性帕金森病小鼠海马氧化应激指标及细胞凋亡相关蛋白的表达.方法 应用MPTP制备慢性帕金森病模型,观察行为学改变,Morris水迷宫实验,检测模型组和对照组小鼠海马内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）及丙二醛（MDA）舍量变化,以及免疫组织化学方法、RT-PCR方法、Western blot方法检测海马Bax和Bel-2蛋白表达.结果 慢性帕金森病模型小鼠行为学特点为震颤、活动减少;水迷宫实验结果提示认知功能降低;与对照组海马比较：模型组海马SOD、GSH含量均下降,而MDA含量升高（P〈0.05）;模型组海马Bax蛋白表达增高,而Bel-2蛋白表达下降（P〈0.05）.结论 氧化应激在慢性帕全森病认知功能障碍发病机制中起重要作用,而Bax和Bcl-2蛋白参与了氧化应激诱导海马神经元凋亡的调控过程.     

内源性硫化氢与皮质发育障碍模型大鼠认知功能损害的相关性研究。

目的探讨皮质发育障碍DCDs（disorders of cortical development）模型鼠的认知功能与H2s的变化关系。方法用1射线照射孕15d Wistar大鼠,制作DCDs模型。采用Morris水迷宫法测试P30（出生后30天）、P60、P90F1代DCDs模型鼠和对照组大鼠的学习能力和空间记忆能力。用敏感硫电极法检测大鼠血液及海马组织中H2s浓度。用亚甲基蓝法测定大鼠海马神经元细胞胱硫醚,B-合酶CBS（cystathionine。beta-synthase）酶活性。结果水迷宫实验：P60、P90模型组大鼠较正常对照组潜伏期明显延长（P〈0．05）,且随月龄增加潜伏期越长。P60、P90模型纽大鼠较对照组血液也s浓度分别降低6．5、11．5μmol,／L、海马组织H2s含量分别减少3．2、5．6μLmol／L．mg,海马组织神经元细胞CBS酶活性降低24．94、34．46μmol／L．g．min。P30模型组与对照组的各项变化不明显。结论DCDs模型鼠脑内H,S含量及海马组织神经元细胞CBS酶活性降低,内源性H2s降低与DCDs认知功能损害可能具有相关性,并为治疗皮质发育障碍的认知功能损害可能提供治疗途径。     

噬菌体D29的免疫原性及安全性评价

目的对噬菌体D29的免疫原性及安全性进行评价。方法将BALB／C小鼠随机分为噬菌体D29滴鼻暴露组（剂量9×10^8PFU）、噬菌体D29皮下注射组（剂量9×10^8PFU）,phagebuffer滴鼻组、phagebuffer皮下注射组、生理盐水滴鼻组、生理盐水皮下注射组、空白对照组,每组动物第一周第一天、第三天暴露一次,以后每周第一天暴露一次,共暴露6周。观察暴露期间噬菌体中和抗体的动态变化、暴露6周后血清中IL-2、IL-4、IL-12、IFN-1、TNF-α和NO的含量及CD4／CD8比例变化,小鼠碳粒廓清率变化、在饲养过程中各组动物的进食量以及活动、体重、生存情况,以及暴露结束后解剖取得脏器作病理学比较。结果D29滴鼻暴露组在第7天即产生低效价的中和抗体,第14天抗体效价下降,第28天之后不能检测到中和抗体,D29皮下注射组中和抗体从第7天开始产生,第21天上升,之后趋于稳定,其余组均无中和抗体产生。各组小鼠血清中细胞因子、CIM／CD8比例、碳粒廓清率以及饲养过程中各组动物的进食量以及活动、体重、生存情况均无明显差异。病理学上各实验组脏器除脾脏外均有轻微充血、水肿表现。结论D29具有抗原特性,可刺激机体产生中和抗体,但不会对机体的安全产生威胁。     

外源性细胞色素C对脓毒症小鼠心肌TGF-β1和Smad1/5/8影响的实验研究

目的 探讨外源性细胞色素c (Cytc)对脓毒症小鼠心肌TGF-β1和Smad1/5/8的作用及影响.方法 雄性昆明小鼠78只,随机分为假手术组( Sham)、脓毒症组(CLP)、细胞色素C处理组(T).CLP组和T组用盲肠结扎穿孔法造模,Sham组仅开腹翻动盲肠.24 h造模成功后,T组经尾静脉注射外源性Cyt c(20 mg/kg)、Sham组和CLP组分别经尾静脉注射150(1生理盐水.30 min后以0、6h、12 h点取材,每个时间点5只小鼠,测左心室收缩压(LVSP)、左心室舒张末期压(LVEDP)、左室内压力变化最大上升和下降速率(LV±dp/dt-max);取心肌组织分别做组织学检查、RT-PCR和Western-Blot检测TGF-β1和Smad1/5/8蛋白的表达;24h点留取电镜标本,余下的小鼠观察生存率.结果 与CLP组比较,T组一般情况好转,生存率提高,病理学改善;LVSP、LVEDP和LV±dp/dt-max提高(P＜0.05);各组TGF-β1和Smad1/5/8蛋白均有表达,CLP组表达明显增加,经外源性Cytc干预后蛋白表达减少,CLP组与其它组比较差别有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 外源性Cytc逆转脓毒症小鼠心肌线粒体功能抑制和心肌抑制,改善心功能.     

Pycnogenol enhances immune and haemopoietic functions in senescence-accelerated mice

Pycnogenol (procyanidin extracted from Pinus maritima) has been shown to be a potent free radical scavenger and an antioxidant phytochemical. The effects of pycnogenol on immune and haemopoietic dysfunction in senescence-accelerated mice (SAM), as a murine model of accelerated ageing, were determined. SAMP8, a strain of senile-prone mice, exhibit learning and memory deficits, immunodeficiency and dysfunction of the haemopoietic system. Oral feeding with pycnogenol for 2 months significantly improved their T- and B-cell function. Pycnogenol also augmented the proliferative capacity of haemopoietic progenitors of bone marrow in SAMP8. These data suggest that pycnogenol may be useful for either retardation or restoration of parameters associated with ageing. Received 3 July 1998; accepted 28 July 1998     

诺迪康对AD模型大鼠学习记忆及海马AchE、ChAT活性的影响

目的研究诺迪康对阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型大鼠学习记忆及海马胆碱能系统的影响.方法将32只SD大鼠随机分成4组:模型组,安理中组,诺迪康组和正常组.采用双侧海马内注射Aβ-40制作大鼠AD模型,采用Morris水迷宫检测诺迪康对AD大鼠认知功能的影响;通过HE染色观察对AD大鼠的海马神经元形态的影响;采用免疫组化法观察对...     

Involution of genital function with age studied as an index aging in Drosophila melanogaster]

Reproductive system in Drosophila estimated by fertility in female and fertilizing power in male gradually decreased with age. Physiological changes as a function of age occur slowly in virgin females and their ageing seems really slower than those observed in inseminated ones. On the other hand, genital function involution is the same in virgin and mated males and seems independent of aging.     

Post-weaning differential housing and testosterone secretion in male mice

Summary The effect of different densities of animals per cage on basal testosterone secretion and its response to some stimuli was studied in prepuberal male mice. Mice housed with 110 or 55 cm² of floor space per animal showed the same basal serum testosterone and hCG-induced testosterone release. Likewise, in a second experiment, the same basal serum testosterone and a similar response to acute noise stress were found in mice housed at 132, 66 or 22 cm² of floor space per animal. These results suggest that post-weaning crowding did not affect Leydig cell function in male mice.     

全新结构抗肿瘤药物TNBG对裸鼠移植瘤生长抑制作用及药物毒副作用初步评价

目的观察TNBG对人肝癌细胞株QGY-7701裸鼠移植瘤生长抑制情况,初步评估药物的毒副作用。方法采用裸鼠复制人肝癌移植瘤模型。实验分对照组和给药组,腹腔注射给药,持续5周。治疗期间定期测量肿瘤大小,观察裸鼠生存状况。实验结束时处死裸鼠,测量肿瘤体积计算抑瘤率;眼眶取血,分离血清检测血脂、肝、肾功能;摘取裸鼠肿瘤及主要脏器组织作苏丹Ⅲ染色观察脂质沉积情况。结果TNBG对移植瘤的抑瘤率为60．1％;各实验组裸鼠血脂、肝、肾功检测与对照组比无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;苏丹Ⅲ染色显示给药组裸鼠主要脏器组织内无脂质沉积,而肿瘤组织中可见大量脂质沉积。结论TNBG对人肝癌细胞裸鼠移植瘤有较明显的抑制作用,毒副作用小,抗肿瘤作用具有选择性。     

解聚复肾宁对糖尿病大鼠肾脏HGF表达的影响

目的观察解聚复肾宁（JJFSN）对糖尿病大鼠肾HGF表达的影响及肾保护作用。方法SD大鼠腹腔注射链尿佐菌素法建立糖尿病模型,随机分为正常对照组、模型组、解聚复肾宁治疗组、依那普利治疗组、JJFSN＋依那普利治疗组。12周后,检测各组空腹血糖（FBG）、尿素（BU）、24h尿β2微球蛋白（β2-MG）、肌酐清除率（Ccr）;免疫组化法检测肾组织HGF表达,放射免疫法测定大鼠血清胰岛素（Ins）含量,透射电镜观察肾脏超微结构。结果与模型组比较,各治疗组大鼠FBG、BU、β2-MG明显降低,Ccr明显升高,血清Ins含量增加,肾组织HGF表达明显上调,肾组织病理变化减轻,其中以J＋Y组改善最显著（P〈0．05）。结论JJFSN对DM大鼠肾脏形态争功能有明显保护作用,其机制可能与其上调肾脏HGF表达、保护胰岛β细胞、延缓肾脏纤维化进程有关。     

Memory formation and the regulation of gene expression

On a cellular level, formation of memory is based on a selective change in synaptic efficacy that is both fast and, in case of important information, long-lasting. Rapidity of cellular changes is achieved by modifying preexisting synaptic molecules (receptors, ion channels), which instantaneously alters the efficacy of synaptic transmission. Endurance, that is the formation of long-term memory (LTM), is based on transient and perhaps also long-lasting changes in protein synthesis. A number of different methods exist to interfere with the synthesis of specific proteins or proteins in general. Other methods, in turn, help to identify proteins whose synthesis is changed following learning. These mostly molecular methods are briefly described in the present review. Their successful application in a variety of memory paradigms in invertebrates and vertebrates is illustrated. The data support the importance of selective changes in gene expression for LTM. Proteins newly synthesized during memory consolidation are likely to contribute to restructuring processes at the synapse, altering the efficiency of transmission beyond the scope of STM. Increased or, less often, decreased synthesis of proteins appears during specific time windows following learning. Recent evidence supports older data suggesting that two or even more waves of protein synthesis exist during the consolidation period. It is expected that the new molecular methods will help to identify and characterize molecules whose expression changes during LTM formation even in complex vertebrate learning paradigms.     

Effect of glucocorticoids injected into pregnant female mice and rats on weight of male sexual glands in adult offspring and testosterone level in fetus in genotype-dependent

Injection of corticosterone into CBA/Lac, C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice, or hydrocortisone into aggressive and domesticated rats, on days 16 and 18 of pregnancy decreased the weight of sexual glands in adult male offspring of the C57BL/6J and domesticated mothers but increased these values in male offspring of the CBA/Lac and aggressive mothers. When injected into pregnant aggressive and domesticated rats, corticosterone affected testosterone levels in 21-day-old male fetuses. The changes were also genotype-dependent and followed the course of changes in the weight of the accessory sex glands in adults. It is suggested that glucocorticoids given during the prenatal period can effect plasma testosterone levels of male fetuses and the development of the sexual glands in a genotype-dependent manner.