热声谐振管的实验研究

以氮气为工质进行了热声谐振管的自激振荡实验，通过实验对热声谐振管的起振温度差、自激振荡频率和压力振幅进行了研究，研究结果表明，热声谐振管的自激振荡频率随着驻波管长度的增加而减小，当驻波管长为２．２７m时，振荡频率为６５．８Ｈz；当驻波管长为３．７７m时，振荡频率为４２．１Ｈz；热声谐振管的振幅随着回热器两端温度差的增加而增加，实验中达到最大压力振幅为充气压力的４．９５％；回热器两端的起振温度差受到充气     

多级环形热声热机的起振条件及特性

基于线性热声网络理论,推导了多级环形行波热声热机的起振条件式,并对无负载系统的起振及稳态特性进行数值模拟分析.重点研究了不同工质、充气压力、回热器丝网水力半径及热声芯级数对热声热机起振温度、自激振荡频率以及相应声功率和效率的影响.模拟结果表明:不同充气压力下均存在获得最低起振温差的最优丝网水力半径,且在最优值附近存在一个合适的选值范围,使起振温差随充气压力的增加而降低,充气压力对振荡频率的影响不大;起振温差和振荡频率均随热声热机级数的增加而减小,当回热器温差一定时,增加级数会降低单个热声芯产生的声功率和效率.在一定加热功率条件下,采用混合工质可以获得比氦气工质更低的起振温差,且能获得与氦气工质相当的高声功率,因此混合工质有利于降低热机系统的工作温度和低品位热能的利用.     

3kHz微型驻波热声发动机的实验研究

以芯片冷却为应用背景,在线性热声学理论的指导下,以降低起振温度、获得较高的热声转换效率为目标,进行了机型的选择和热声热机核心段的设计.研制了一台3.3kHz微型驻波热声发动机,长度为55mm,由加热器、回热器、冷却器及谐振管4部分组成.在9W的加热量下,热端温度78℃时该发动机产生自激振荡,起振温差为26℃.稳定运行后...     

热声热机结构动力学分析

利用商业软件ANSYS建立热声热机模型,从结构动力学角度进行模拟研究,对其进行结构静力、模态和谐响应分析。在热声系统的关键位置布置监测点,得到热声系统内部位移、应力和应变等参数随压力和频率的变化关系。研究结果表明:随着充气压力的提升,应力应变基本呈现线性增大的趋势,且峰值点一一对应。随着结构模态的提高,热声热机的应力和应变因位置的不同而存在差异;热声系统的3阶和4阶模态下固有频率接近气体介质的振荡频率;由谐振管内表面布置的监测点所得结果可知,高密度的气体介质的振荡会在回热器中产生振动激励和声激励,并作用于谐振管,使声波和固体介质产生共振和耦合。     

Rijke管热声不稳定的实验研究

针对推进系统常发生的具有破坏性的热声振荡现象,为了获得热声振荡的共振频率信息并提供一种有效的抑制途径,自行搭建了Rijke管热声振荡实验测试平台,在不同热源位置、不同热源功率及不同空气流速等条件下测量了热声振荡的频率及声压。实验测得的热声振荡频率均在110~117Hz之间,属低频振荡,且热声振荡的频率和声压随热源功率和空气流量的增加整体呈现升高的趋势;相反,随着热源的后移,共振频率下降,当热源在Rijke管的1/4处时,热声振荡的发声强度达到最大。此外,随着热源功率和空气流速的增加,热声不稳定的区域随之增大。实验结果与理论计算结果吻合良好,从而可为推进系统热声振荡的主被动联合控制方法提供丰富、可靠的实验数据。     

热声板叠式回热器结构动力学分析

分别利用Solidworks和ANSYS软件对热声系统中回热器的热声机理从结构动力学角度进行模拟研究.建立三维板叠式回热器的物理模型,得到在0.5,0.6和0.7 MPa充气压力作用下和在系统内谐振动作用下回热器的各动力学参数的响应及其分布.从模拟结果得出:回热器在热声系统振动中存在多种模态;在低频段各点应力-应变基本吻合,高频段各点差异逐渐增大;在一阶固有频率3 300 Hz附近,回热器内各点的应力和应变达到最大值.     

热声热机谐振管截止频率选择机理

通过波导管理论的推导，对热声热机中谐振管的截止频率选择机理进行研究，导出谐振管中传播一维平面波的频率传播范围，阐述热声热机谐振管中一维平面波的传播机理，即谐振管截止频率选择的理论依据。理论研究结果表明：对于同样等效直径的矩形谐振管，其截止频率远大于圆形谐振波导管的截止频率；对于等效半径为2mm的微型热声制冷机的谐振管，当声速为343m／s时，谐振管的截止频率为50248Hz，实际的工作频率5500Hz，远小于谐振管的截止频率；在热声热机谐振波导管中只存在一维平面波传播，有利于合理布置热声热机的其他部件，达到优化热声热机的目的。     

高频驻波热声热机的数值研究

以1/4波长驻波热声热机为研究对象,建立了平行板叠结构回热器以及异形板叠结构回热器的数值模型,采用Fluent软件分析了这两种结构回热器产生的压力、速度以及流场.研究结果表明:异形板叠结构回热器自激振荡达到饱和所需的时间比较短,压力幅值比较高;非线性声场的扰动,导致不同时刻回热器冷热两端温度分布不稳定,相比平行板叠结构回热器,异形板叠结构回热器温度梯度比较小,有利于低品质热源的应用;针对板叠结构回热器,改变平板的结构,有利于实现热声系统的匹配;异形板叠结构回热器周围的流场明显强于平行板叠结构回热器,有利于流固之间的耦合,提高了热声转换的效率.     

过冷沸腾中热声振荡驻波自激形成的实验研究

借助工程信号处理的时域和频域方法,详细分析了竖直管内过冷沸腾中热声振荡特性,获得了热声振荡驻波自激形成与主流过冷度的关系．实验表明,当主流过冷度较大时,过冷沸腾声振荡具有多频性;随着过冷度的下降,多频的声振荡逐渐在管道长度方向上发展为具有单一高频的热声驻波;当过冷度下降到致使加热面接近饱和沸腾时,空泡群脉动所致低频压力波动将取代高频热声振荡驻波．在此基础上,提出了验证热声振荡驻波形成与否的相关判断原则,它可方便地应用于过冷沸腾传热工况的诊断之中．     

一种新型热压缩机运行特性实验研究

为了克服传统热压缩机的不足,提出了一种直线电机直接驱动、以气缸壁与活塞充当回热器的新型热压缩机系统。利用搭建的实验装置,实验研究了加热温度、直线电机驱动功率、工质种类和充气压力等对新型热压缩机系统运行特性的影响。研究结果表明:采用比热容比更大的工质有利于提高热压缩机系统性能;增大充气压力能提高系统内压力峰值,但效果不显著。以He4为工质,在充气压力为0.96 MPa、加热温度为330℃时,新型热压缩机系统压比达到1.14,能满足特定场合驱动脉冲管制冷机工作的需求;利用带小孔的气库进行了系统输出声功实验研究,发现存在最佳小孔开度使热压缩机系统对外输出功最大;保持工质种类和充气压力不变,当加热温度为603℃、小孔气库容积为0.518L时,实验测得热压缩机输出功最大为15.6 W。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the