细叶结缕草克隆植株生长发育时间节律初探

通过对克隆植物细叶结缕草（Zoysia tenuifolia Willd．）匍匐茎上复合节及各器官形态建成的时间观测，探讨其克隆植株生长发育的时间节律．研究表明：细叶结缕草的生长发育呈现出较强的节律性，主匍匐茎和二级匍匐茎的生长具有一定相似性．在主匍匐茎和二级匍匐茎上，一般3．3d左右形成一个复合节，而单个复合节间的发育一般需要持续7～8d时间．复合节间的30％的增长是在另外一个复合节形成并快速伸长的同时进行的．通过主匍匐茎的向前直线型生长和次级匍匐茎的侧向伸展，细叶结缕草分株种群规模扩大，提高了生态适应性和种间竞争能力．     

克隆植物结缕草在两种环境中的生长发育特征

以克隆植物结缕草为对象，研究了其在温室内、外两种环境条件下的生长发育特征.结果表明：在相同环境条件下，主匍匐茎上的复合节、根、Ta和Tb分蘖的形成顺序依次后移，且形成速率均呈相互平行的直线关系.但在温室内，主匍匐茎上的复合节及其它器官的形成时间一般均较温室外晚.复合节间的形成是逐渐完成的，在温室外，一个复合节间的70%完成于该复合节形成后和下一个复合节间形成前，而其余则完成于下一个复合节间形成之后.在温室外，二级匍匐茎上复合节及其它器官的形成规律与主匍匐茎相似，但Tb的形成速率较慢.这与各级匍匐茎之间以及各相应构件器官之间资源传输与分配格局存在差异有关.通过主匍匐茎的向前直线型生长和次级匍匐茎的侧向伸展，结缕草分株被放置到更加广阔的生态空间，分株种群规模扩大，资源摄取能力增强，从而有助于提高结缕草的生态适应性和种间竞争能力.     

密度对结缕草无性系构件生长的影响

以克隆植物结缕草为研究对象,在试验园内设置了低、中、高3个密度梯度,在生长季末调查了不同密度下结缕草无性系构件匍匐茎和分蘖的相关指标。结果表明,随着密度的降低,结缕草单株产生的匍匐茎数量增加、匍匐茎分枝结构变得复杂,匍匐茎总长度、节间长度和节数增加;低密度下分蘖数量明显增多,分别达到高密度、中密度处理的19倍和3倍。因此,结缕草无性系构件在不同密度下采取了不同的适应对策,低密度下迅速占领空间,高密度下则减缓生长,以降低种内构件间的竞争。     

热带不同植被边坡水文效应室内模型试验

结合海南地区台风强降雨规律,对三种植被条件的粉土边坡模型进行了人工降雨试验,为热带生态护坡的植被选择提供依据。通过测量两次降雨过程中的总降雨量、地表径流量、雨水渗出量、坡体储水量及相应时间,对三种植被条件边坡的水文效应开展了分析。相较于裸土边坡,细叶结缕草边坡和肾蕨边坡均具有较好的抗雨水冲刷能力,肾蕨边坡更占优势。降雨前后,裸土边坡渗透性大幅降低;细叶结缕草边坡渗透性有所下降,但不明显;肾蕨边坡渗透性则显著提高。肾蕨边坡良好的储水持水能力在一般情况下是有利于边坡稳定的,但在长期干旱后遭遇强降雨时,也有可能因其储水能力太强而给边坡稳定带来不利影响。相比之下,裸土边坡和细叶结缕草边坡的储水和持水能力均较差。综合比较来看,一般情况下,肾蕨的水文效应对于保持边坡的稳定性是最有利的。     

蕨麻生长过程中源和库的形成及相互关系

为了解蕨麻生长过程中源和库的形成及相互关系,进一步为蕨麻产量的形成和提高提供理论依据,从试验田随机选10株蕨麻,出苗后每15 d观测研究源器官的建成;待块根开始膨大后,每15 d调查5株蕨麻库器官形成指标,并设计了4个处理采用切断匍匐茎的方法了解同化物的运输情况。结果表明:蕨麻的源器官包括基株叶片和一级、二级匍匐茎及其分株,在源器官的增长中,一级匍匐茎及分株的重量和所占的比重高于66%,是最主要的源器官。蕨麻的库器官是块根,一级匍匐茎各分株形成的块根占块根总数的81.0%,其块根的重量占总重量的85.7%,块根的膨大率也是最高为43.3%。块根一般产生于紧靠基株的第2~3个分株下以及匍匐茎顶端的倒数第1~3个分株下,而位于匍匐茎中部的几个分株通常根不膨大。在二级匍匐茎上,块根一般产生在第1~3个分株下,中部和顶端的分株均不形成块根。说明蕨麻同化物在向库器官运输时,具有就近运输和优先供应生长中心的规律。蕨麻基株是主要的能源提供者,而一级匍匐茎运输能力最强。     

磷肥对结缕草生长及生理特性的影响

 追肥是草坪管理的一个重要环节, 为探讨草坪草生长期间是否需要追施磷肥及合理施肥量, 采用盆栽生长期追施磷肥的方法, 研究不同磷肥用量(0、30和60kg/hm² P₂O₅)对结缕草生长及生理特性的影响.结果表明, 30和60kg/hm²的磷肥均能使结缕草地上及地下生物量增加;30kg/hm²的磷肥提高了结缕草叶片可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖及脯氨酸含量, 而施用60kg/hm²磷肥则降低了可溶性蛋白质, 可溶性糖及脯氨酸的含量;施用30和60kg/hm²的磷肥均使结缕草叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、最大光量子效率及表观光电子传递效率提高, 但降低了水分利用率.生长期间施用磷肥能促进结缕草的生长发育, 提高草坪质量.其中施肥量为30kg/hm²时结缕草各项指标均优于60kg/hm²处理的.     

利用污泥建植结缕草草坪及生产结缕草草皮卷的试验研究

研究了不同污泥配比建植结缕草草坪、生产结缕草草皮卷的效果，结果表明污泥对结缕草的生长有很好的促进作用，其最佳配比为：50％污泥＋40％土＋10％沙。各处理间对草皮卷韧性的影响效果不显著。     

过路黄克隆生长对光照强度的反应

利用遮阳网产生光照梯度，以研究光照强度对克隆植物过路黄(Lysimachia christinae)形态特征和生物量分配的影响．结果表明：1)匍匐茎节间长度随光照强度的减弱而增大，遮荫明显增加过路黄的分枝角度，分枝强度没有对光强发生显著反应．遮荫使叶柄变长，而根长则变短．2)随光照强度的减弱，叶柄生物量逐渐增大；遮荫降低了叶生物量、根生物量、总生物量、根生物量比和地下生物量／地上生物量．3)在遮荫条件下，一级匍匐茎基部分株的叶生物量和分株总生物量显著大于顶部分株，而根冠比则相反．根的生物量在各分株间无显著差异．在不遮荫条件下，仅匍匐茎基部分株的叶生物量大于顶部分株，其它的生物量指标在各分株间无显著差异．在分株水平，分株的根冠比不受光强的影响．总之，过路黄的克隆生长在基株和分株水平都对光强作出了明显的反应，而且这种反应具有等级性．     

不同草种单播草坪蒸散量与脯氨酸含量的研究

对草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草、高羊茅、狗牙根、结缕草和野牛草6种常见草坪草草坪的蒸散量进行的研究表明在充分灌水的条件下，冷地型草坪的蒸散量显著大于暖地型草坪（P〈0．01）；三种冷地型草坪问差异较小；暖地型草坪中狗牙根和结缕草的蒸散量显著高于野牛草（P〈0．01）．限制灌水条件下，6种草坪的蒸散量差异均显著（P〈0．05或0．01），其顺序为：高羊茅〉早熟禾〉黑麦草〉狗牙根〉结缕草〉野牛草．结缕草蒸散量在一天内随温度的升高而增加，但在温度维持在较高时由于气孔关团导致蒸腾降低从而蒸散量降低．五种草坪草脯氨酸含量顺序为高羊茅〉多年生黑麦草〉草地早熟禾〉结缕草〉狗牙根．     

盐胁迫对草坪草金属离子吸收及分配的影响

研究了3种暖季型草坪草在土壤盐分胁迫时,根、茎、叶中5种金属离子含量的变化。结果表明:3种暖季型草坪草根、茎、叶的Na 含量均随盐分胁迫的加重而上升。同一处理,假俭草中的Na 含量高于结缕草和沟叶结缕草;2~6 g/kg NaCl浓度处理下,结缕草与沟叶结缕草的Na 含量差异不明显;8 g/kg NaCl处理时,结缕草的Na 含量高于沟叶结缕草。结缕草和沟叶结缕草受到盐分胁迫时,能维持较高的K 含量,这可能是耐盐性较强的原因之一,而假俭草在盐分胁迫下K 浓度下降,抗盐能力较差。因此,可以K 含量、Na 含量、Fe3 含量、K 与Na 含量比、RS(K ,Na )等指标的变化趋势来衡量草坪草的耐盐性能。此次试验中,抗盐性最强的是沟叶结缕草,其次是结缕草,假俭草抗盐能力最弱。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.