常州市城市生活垃圾热值测定的研究

利用物理化学的方法——燃烧热测定方法,研究不同种类生活垃圾的热值,得出以下观点：适于焚烧的生活垃圾应该是高热值生活垃圾,这种观点其实是片面的,垃圾是＂废物＂不是＂燃料＂,其实不然,通过研究发现垃圾中的热值可以得到充分利用。     

上海城市生活垃圾的组成及热值分析

对上海城市生活垃圾的组成、燃烧特性、元素分析及热值等试验结果的分析表明:粒径为40～120 mm的垃圾含量最大,试验的平均质量分数约为43.5%;其次是粒径为8～40 mm的垃圾,平均质量分数约为34.9%;粒径大于120 mm的约为15.7%,小于8 mm的约为5.8%.有机物质量分数高,约占65%,且含水率高,热值低,不适合焚烧;可燃物(塑料、纸类、纺织物、包装物、木块)质量分数约为30%,含水率较低,热值高,适合焚烧.由此说明,上海城市生活垃圾的处理不宜采用单一的方式,必须综合处理以利于垃圾资源化.     

呼和浩特市城市生活垃圾组成及特性分析

对呼和浩特市城市生活垃圾的物理和热解特性的研究表明:呼和浩特市城市生活垃圾组成以厨余为主,含量为32.00%,基本都属于生物质有机物,可进行生物堆制或发酵处理.生活垃圾中塑料和纸张有较大比例,分别占9.2和6.5%,可燃有机物质约占75%,垃圾热值达到5242kJ/kg,可用于热解或焚烧发电.可回收组份也占有较大比例.     

重庆市主城区生活垃圾理化性质分析及处理技术

目前，重庆市主城区生活垃圾以填埋方式为主，二次污染严重，采用“三化”方式处理生活垃圾势在必行。通过对主城区垃圾不同地点进行的生活垃圾取样，分析了垃圾的理化性质。实验结果表明：重庆市主城区生活垃圾组分以厨余垃圾为主，易燃烧的塑料、纸张含量较低；含水率高，可燃分和灰分较低，垃圾的热值基本满足燃烧要求；垃圾元素中C、H、O含量较高，并含有一定N、S和Cl。高含量的厨余垃圾，是影响垃圾焚烧质量的主要因素。若采取有效的措施，提高垃圾的热值，可采用焚烧方式处理部分生活垃圾。     

循环流化床纯烧城市生活垃圾的技术实现与工程应用

通过建模理论分析,得到了低位热值为3238.9kJ/kg的生活垃圾在循环流化床锅炉焚烧的理论数据。采用公司发明专利技术及其他相关技术工艺,实现了循环流化床纯烧城市生活垃圾,并在垃圾焚烧处理厂得到成功应用。     

提高生活垃圾热值的几种途径

本文结合我国生活垃圾热值普遍存在混合收集,垃圾热值偏低、含水率较高的特点,对影响生活垃圾热值的因素做了分析,总结了提高生活垃圾热值的两类方法。     

城市生活垃圾焚烧处理探究

随着我国城市化进程的不断加快,城市中产生的生活垃圾数量不断上升,处理好城市生活垃圾对环境保护有重要的作用。本文分析了垃圾焚烧技术的优点,阐述了几种焚烧炉的运作工艺以及焚烧烟气处理方法。     

木竹燃料锅炉烟气污染物排放量的分析研究

通过对木竹燃料及锅炉特性的研究,测定了有代表性企业木、竹燃料热值和含硫量,采用物料衡算法较为合理地预算了木竹燃料锅炉烟气污染物的排放量,可为山区排污费核定征收提供依据.     

二恶英零排放生活垃圾气化熔融技术

焚烧处理垃圾所带来的二恶英污染已广泛引起国内外环境专家的关注。介绍了一种新型的处理城市生活垃圾的焚烧技术——城市生活垃圾气化熔融焚烧技术。经处理．原垃圾中99．8％以上的二恶英可被分解，烟气中二恶英的排放量〈0．01ng-TEQ／m^3，熔融渣中二恶英的排放量〈0．003ng-TEQ／g。从而抑制了二恶英的排放，做到了从源头上控制二恶英的产生。     

三峡库区上游中小城镇生活垃圾焚烧处置

依据巴南区木洞镇生活垃圾产量、组分及热值,于2006年底动工兴建日处理生活垃圾50 t规模的焚烧厂,占地32.9亩,工程总建筑面积11 235 m2,投资估算3 750万元。主要焚烧设备采用双回路立式热解焚烧炉,配置有1条生产线,1套末端炉渣制砖系统,整套设计采用先进的焚烧工艺,自动化运行控制;按工厂寿命30 a计,平均1 t生活垃圾处理成本135元,运行成本100元。建设垃圾焚烧厂具有较好的社会、经济和环境效益,对三峡库区上游中小城镇生活垃圾的处置提供一种可行的方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the