MADOCA与MGEX产品定位性能对比分析

文章对比分析了精密全球卫星导航系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)轨道和钟差估计系统(Multi-GNSS Advanced Demonstration tool for Orbit and Clock Analysis,MADOCA)产品和多GNSS实验系统(The Multi-GNSS Experiment,MGEX)产品的定位性能。对2020年4月29日选取的4个测站分别下载了MADOCA产品和MGEX产品,使用全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)、格洛纳斯(GLObal NAvigation Satellite System,GLONASS)、北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,BDS)、伽利略卫星导航系统(Galileo satellite navigation system,GALILEO)及准天顶卫星系统(Quasi-Zenith Satellite System,QZSS)的数据进行了标准单点定位(standard point positioning,SPP)、静态精密单点定位(static precise point positioning,PPP-S)及动态精密单点定位(kinematic precise point positioning,PPP-K),并对定位性能进行了分析。SPP定位性能选取不同截止高度角下参与解算的卫星数、位置精度因子(position dilution of precision,PDOP)、定位解算成功率及定位精度4个指标,PPP定位性能选取收敛时间和定位精度2个指标。SPP实验结果表明:定位精度一般在m级到10 m级;随着截止高度角增大,各测站的PDOP值和定位误差均增大,而参与解算的卫星数和解算成功率均减小;与使用MADOCA产品相比,使用MGEX产品的定位表现更加优越。PPP实验结果表明:使用MGEX产品的PPP-S定位精度在5 cm以内,PPP-K定位精度在10 cm以内,且三维位置收敛到20 cm以内的时间均在15 min内;使用MADOCA产品的PPP-S定位精度在10 cm以内,收敛时间在30 min左右,而PPP-K定位精度在30 cm以内,三维位置收敛时间在120 min左右。     

北斗GEO卫星广播星历的直接拟合算法研究

针对因北斗地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星的小倾角特性,经典全球卫星定位系统(GPS)广播星历拟合算法不能直接应用于北斗GEO卫星这一问题,提出了一种基于无奇点变换的北斗GEO卫星广播星历直接拟合算法.该算法采用一组无奇点轨道根数代替经典轨道根数,解决了由GEO轨道的小倾角特性引起的经典广播星历拟合过程中法化矩阵奇异的问题;同时,避免了接收机GEO广播星历参数用户算法中坐标旋转的过程,减少了GEO用户算法的计算步骤.经仿真验证:该算法可很好地适用于北斗GEO卫星广播星历拟合,且拟合精度高,完全满足接收机导航定位的精度.但对于圆地球轨道(MEO)和倾斜地球同步轨道(IGSO)卫星,该算法实用性较差,仍须进一步研究和改进.     

基于CAPS的双天线共接收机无电离层影响的混合差分定位新方法

针对转发式中国区域卫星导航定位系统（CAPS）的构思与设计,给出了基于CAPS的导航定位解算的3种基本模式,并进行比较分析．根据电离层延迟与频率平方成反比,提出双天线共接收机的无电离层延迟影响的混合差分导航定位新方法,给出其基本原理,导出混合差分观测量,具体推导了单历元和多历元的解算公式和算法．该方法消除了CAPS导航信息发射、传播、转发和接收等环节的电离层延迟、硬件延迟、时钟误差等公共误差,方便于实现单历元解算和多历元导航定位,可有效提高CAPS的导航定位精度和实时性．该方法不但能同时对CAPS星座的GEO和IGSO卫星进行几何定轨和导航定位解算,而且还可以求解对流层天顶延迟,用于研究大气中水汽含量的变化．在有限时间间隔内,利用多项式表示天顶延迟和CAPS卫星轨道,可有效减少未知参数个数,提高解算速度和实时性．     

GPS双星定位方案研究

全球卫星定位系统（GPS）作为迄今最好的导航定位系统之一,获得了日益广泛的应用。但GPS信号容易受到干扰或是中断,从而使定位出现较大误差,甚至是不能正确定位。本文提出用两颗GPS卫星、具有精密时钟的GPS接收板和气压高度表对载体导航定位的方案,并检验此了方案是否能达到在GPS接收机不能正常定位时实现连续定位。     

GPS卫星小高度角下多普勒频移的实验分析

实时卫星位置解算在整个GPS接收机导航解算过程中占有极其重要的地位.正常情况下,多普勒频移应随着卫星高度角的增大而减小.然而,在对实时卫星位置解算实验进行结果分析时,却出现了高度角(仰角)较小的卫星所解算出的多普勒频移不成反比的现象.针对这一现象,文中设计实验进行分析得出:在高度角小于11°时,高度角大小与多普勒频移不成反比.     

GPS接收机自主完好性监测算法可用性分析

以全球定位系统(GPS)为研究对象,研究水平定位误差保护级(HPL),阐述自主完好性监测(RAIM)算法故障监测和可用性原理.结合导航性能在航空应用中的需求,对影响RAIM可用性的因素进行数据仿真分析.结果表明,漏检率一定时,RAIM可用性随着误警率降低而降低;误警率一定时,RAIM可用性随着漏检率降低而降低.RAIM算法的可用性随着截止高度角降低和可视卫星数增加而提高.研究结果为采用RAIM算法进行故障卫星的检测和隔离提供了一定依据.     

基于单站GPS数据的GPS系统硬件延迟估算方法及结果比较

从GPS数据中解算电离层总电子含量(TEC)的最大误差源是硬件延迟。作者介绍了两种解算电离层TEC和硬件延迟的方法。利用单站的GPS双频数据,计算了2004年电离层TEC和硬件延迟,对两种方法得到的硬件延迟进行了比较,并且和欧洲定轨中心的公布结果进行了对比,同时分析了不同纬度台站数据解算硬件延迟的误差特点。结果表明：这两种方法均可以解算TEC和硬件延迟,结果是可靠的。解算的硬件延迟的标准偏差与观测站的纬度有关,在中国区域,纬度越低,估算的硬件延迟偏差越大,对这一情况进行了分析。     

基于BDS/GPS双系统的全球电离层建模

借助当前比较完善的GPS系统,建立基于BDS/GPS双系统的全球电离层模型,是克服BDS单系统建模弊端,提高全球电离层模型和硬件延迟(DCB)监测精度的一种有效途径.本文分析了基于BDS/GPS双系统的电离层模型所能达到的精度,以及GPS观测对DCB监测的辅助作用.文中选用了太阳活动峰年2013年2月11日–2014年1月13日336天的BDS/GPS双系统观测资料,利用15×15阶球谐函数模型建立了全球电离层模型(GIM/SHA),并利用IGS最终电离层产品(GIM/IGS)、双频实测VTEC和海洋测高数据对该双系统模型的电离层产品进行了全面的精度评估.结果表明:(1)通过与三种基准数据比对,GIM/SHA的外符合精度在3–6 tecu范围内,且系统性偏差较小;(2)GPS卫星P1P2频点DCB与IGS最终产品结果比较BIAS在0.1 ns内,RMS最大不超过0.2 ns;(3)通过比较BDS单系统与双系统生成的卫星和接收机B1B2频点DCB发现,两种方法解算的DCB均值差别为0.01–0.227 ns,双系统解算BDS卫星DCB稳定性稍优于单系统结果,但是GPS观测资料的加入能够明显地提高接收机DCB的稳定性;从14颗BDS在轨卫星B1B2频点DCB长期稳定性统计可见,各卫星DCB长期稳定性为0.2–0.3ns,其中GEO卫星稳定性水平稍差.     

在GPS基线解算中卫星高度截止角的确定

本文研究了卫星高度角的设置对GPS基线解算质量的影响,介绍了设置卫星高度截止角的原则方法,合理设置高度截止角,解算结果精度明显提高。     

航弹SINS/GPS组合导航系统半实物仿真试验设计

针对某型远程航空弹药SINS/GPS组合导航系统的组成,设计了SINS/GPS组合导航的半实物仿真试验框架结构,探讨了在试验过程中多机时钟同步的问题,检验了捷联惯导系统导航计算机的解算性能和GPS信息的修正效果.试验结果表明,捷联惯导系统的算法正确,解算精度和解算时延满足控制系统的要求,GPS信息修正效果良好,SINS/GPS组合导航系统可以应用到航空弹药的制导与控制系统中.     

北斗GEO卫星微动条件下的GNSS-R土壤湿度反演

全球定位系统GPS发射的L波段导航信号源已被用于估测地球表面的土壤湿度,但由于卫星具有一定的重返周期,所以对固定区域土壤湿度反演的性能受到不断变化的星下点轨迹的限制。北斗GEO（geostationary earth orbit）卫星是地球静止轨道卫星,同时又存在着周期性的微动,利用它的反射信号来反演土壤湿度受到其微动特性的影响。针对这个问题,本文研究了利用GEO卫星反射信号功率进行固定区域内土壤湿度反演的可行性。本文首先分析了GEO卫星的微动特征和反射区域的变化;然后采用包络提取和三次多项式插值的方法来恢复SNR的趋势变化规律,以消除因为GEO卫星轻微运动带来的周期性波动和噪声,并且根据现场收集的部分实验数据确定的校准参数值对反射系数进行校正;最后,我们使用测试数据进行土壤湿度反演,得到每半小时固定区域的连续土壤湿度反演值。结果表明,土壤湿度反演值与原位土壤湿度值的变化趋势基本一致,反演的平均绝对误差小于4.63％。可见,BDS GEO卫星信号可以作为GNSS反射计的重要数据来源。     

Performance Analysis for Regional Satellite Positioning System Based upon GEO/HEO Hybrid Constellation

Scheme of positioning constellation would greatly influence the positioning performance. In this paper, a GEO/HEO hybrid constellation with 3 HEO satellites deployed in 3 orbits and 3 GEO satellites for regional positioning is presented. Firstly, elements for 3 GEO and 3 HEO are optimized from regional visibility for the selected region of interest. Secondly, positioning performance is provided through GDOP(geometric dilution of precision) and PDOP(positional dilution of precision). Simulation results show that similar accuracy with GPS can be gained by this constellation.     

Performance Analysis for Regional Satellite Positioning System Based upon GEO/HEO Hybrid Constellation

Scheme of positioning constellation would greatly influence the positioning performance. In this paper, a GEO/HEO hybrid constellation with 3 HEO satellites deployed in 3 orbits and 3 GEO satellites for regional positioning is presented. Firstly, elements for 3 GEO and 3 HEO are optimized from regional visibility for the selected region of interest. Secondly, positioning performance is provided through GDOP(geometric dilution of precision) and PDOP(positional dilution of precision). Simulation results show that similar accuracy with GPS can be gained by this constellation.     

Improvement of orbit determination for geostationary satellites with VLBI tracking

China’s COMPASS satellite navigation system consists of five or more geostationary (GEO) satellites.The roles of GEO satellites are to improve the regional user’s positioning accuracy and provide the continuous Radio Determination Satellite Service.The motion of GEO satellites relative to a ground tracking station is almost fixed,and regular orbit maneuvers are necessary to maintain the satellites’ allocated positions above the equator.These features present difficulties in precise orbit determination (POD).C-band ranging via onboard transponders and the L-band pseudo-ranging technique have been used in the COMPASS system.This paper introduces VLBI tracking,which has been successfully employed in the Chinese lunar exploration programs Chang’E-1 and Chang’E-2,to the POD of GEO satellites.In contrast to ranging,which measures distances between a GEO satellite and an observer,VLBI is an angular measurement technique that constrains the satellite’s position errors perpendicular to the satellite-to-observer direction.As a demonstration,the Chinese VLBI Network organized a tracking and orbit-determination experiment for a GEO navigation satellite lasting 24 h.This paper uses the VLBI delay and delay-rate data,in combination with C-band ranging data,to determine the GEO satellite’s orbit.The accuracies of the VLBI delay and delay rate data are about 3.6 ns and 0.4 ps/s,respectively.Data analysis shows that the VLBI data are able to calibrate systematic errors of the C-band ranging data,and the combination of the two observations improves orbit prediction accuracy with short-arc data,which is important for orbital recovery after maneuvers of GEO satellites.With the implementation of VLBI2010,it is possible for VLBI to be applied in the COMPASS satellite navigation system.     

Development & performance analysis of korean WADGPS positioning algorithm

Today, many countries are developing their own WADGPS-type systems. The U.S. WAAS is already available for non-aviation users and its full operation is expected by the end of 2003. The European EGNOS and the Japanese MSAS is also in progress. China now propels the SNAS (Satellite Navigation Augmentation System) project,and India made the plan for its GAGAN (GPS And GEO Augmented Navigation) project. Recently, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of Korea decided to develop Korean WADGPS. It is a very first step for the implementation of practical system. Till now, we have contrived the algorithm for the WADGPS in Korea & East Asia and evaluated its performance by simulations. In this paper, we complemented the positioning algorithm for the actual data processing. We analyzed the performance of the proposed algorithm with the actual data from the reference stations of Korean NDGPS network, which covers almost the whole country.     

DGPS/INS Data Fusion for Land Navigationa

The interest for land navigation has increased for the recent years. With the advent of the Global Position System (GPS) we have now the ability to determine the absolute position anywhere on the globe. The problem is that the GPS systems work well only in open environments with no overhead obstructions and they are subject to large unavoidable errors when the reception from some of the satellites are blocked. This occurs frequently in urban environments, forests and tunnels. GPS systems require at least four "visible" satellites to maintain a good position fix. In many situations in which higher level of accuracy is required, the navigation cannot be achieved by GPS alone. This paper discusses the design of a reliable multisensor fusion algorithm using GPS and Inertial Navigation System in order to decrease the implementation cost of such systems on land vehicles. The major contribution of this paper is in the definition of the possible developments and research axes in land navigation.     

星载原子钟性能分析方法比较研究

卫星导航时间系统是影响导航系统性能的决定性因素。原子时钟作为频率标准,能够产生高准确度和高稳定度的标准频率信号,可以实现精确计时。因此在导航卫星上广泛使用原子钟作为频率标准。讨论了原子时钟频率稳定度的Allan方差、重叠Allan方差、Hadamard方差及重叠Hadamard方差算法,并对GPS卫星真实数据进行了频率稳定度分析。得出了不同的GPS卫星,星载卫星钟的稳定度不同。对于同一种类的GPS卫星,卫星钟的稳定度也存在差异,且GPS BLOCK IIR卫星具有较好的频率稳定度。     

北斗导航卫星伪距偏差特性及减弱方法

导航卫星信号的非理想特性会引起伪距测量产生偏差,具体表现为相同类型接收机具有相同伪距偏差,不同类型接收机的伪距偏差不一致.当提供导航定位服务产品的接收机技术状态与用户端不一致时,伪距偏差将引起导航定位服务性能降低.本文利用超短基线双差伪距O?C(Observation Minus Computation)方法计算了BDS(Beidou Satellite Navigation System)的伪距偏差,发现在早期试验卫星阶段的不同状态接收机之间存在较大的伪距偏差现象,设计了接收机环路参数调整、改变抗多径算法和卫星预失真滤波器参数调整三种减弱伪距偏差的方法.分别试验验证结果表明,接收机环路参数调整能大幅降低卫星之间的伪距偏差,B1I各颗卫星伪距偏差标准差由0.63 m降低至0.36 m;抗多径算法会造成额外的伪距偏差,窄相关算法能大幅减小伪距偏差,B1I各颗卫星伪距偏差标准差由0.36 m降低至0.18 m;调整卫星预失真滤波器参数能在一定程度上减小伪距偏差,单颗卫星伪距偏差降低约0.3–0.4 m.最后,针对BDS卫星伪距偏差解算无固定参考基准的问题,设计了一种基于外频标非实时双差O?C方法,利用该方法分别处理了BDS和GPS(Global Positioning System)数据,并对两个系统卫星伪距偏差的特性进行比较分析.结果表明,BDS和GPS卫星都存在伪距偏差;GPS卫星L2C伪距偏差与BDS-3卫星B1C数据支路相当;GPS卫星L1CA伪距偏差与其兼容互操作的BDS-3卫星B1C导频支路相当;L5C与其兼容互操作的BDS-3卫星B2a信号相比伪距偏差更大.     

Variation of satellite transponder delay

For precise orbit determination of geosynchronous earth orbit(GEO)satellites using transfer ranging observations,it is generally assumed that the variation of the satellite transponder delay is very small and that it can be solved as a constant parameter together with satellite orbit parameters.However,this assumption is too general and it reduces the accuracy of orbit determination for GEO satellites.To study and analyse the impact of the satellite transponder delay on GEO satellites orbit determination,two schemes were proposed.First,the satellite transponder delay was eliminated by forming single-difference observations between two ground stations;second,the satellite transponder delay was described as a constant parameter.The preliminary results demonstrate a difference of about1–2 m between the two schemes when used for precise orbit determination of GEO satellites.By fixing the GEO satellite orbit and other relevant parameters estimated by single-difference model,we inversed the instantaneous transponder delay from non-difference observation.It was found that the satellite transponder delay has a distinct diurnal variation,with an amplitude of 3–4 m.The findings of this paper are helpful in establishing an accurate model of satellite transponder delay and in improving the accuracy of GEO satellites orbit determinations and predictions.