污水处理厂气味测量初探

污水处理厂的气味问题一直是目前污水处理过程中需解决的重问题,本文主围绕现有工程或建设发展工程中遇到的污水处理厂气味儿来源、气味儿对环境的影响以及气味消除和控制等是污水处理问题展开测量研究。分析测量由于有复杂的气味的大量存在常在浓度接近检测限,我们不完全理解的气味感知连接分析和感官测量。本文的研究可以应用到污水处理厂的气味测量、感觉和分析测量结果检测方面,为工程中遇到的气味测量提供了可靠的依据。     

城市污水处理厂污泥处理与控制对策

污泥是污水处理厂在处理污水之后留下的渣滓,但是由于其中含有大量有毒的工业化合物、农业化合物,使其已经成为目前我国污染物处理急需解决的问题之一。本文就城市污水处理厂污泥处理的方法进行简单的介绍,并提出一些控制污泥产生的对策,希望能对我国污泥处理有所帮助。     

生物除臭技术在城市污水处理厂的应用技术探讨

在污水处理过程中会有大量的恶臭气体产生,主要含有硫化氢和氨等发臭物这些臭味物质逸散到空气中,易对污水处理厂及其周边的空气环境造成危害。本文分析了城市污水处理厂恶臭处理技术进行了应用分析,并对HBR技术进行技术分析。     

变废为宝：生物科技创造环保新经济

水是生命之源。在人类对水资源的利用过程中，产生了大量的工业、农业污水和生活污水，使水资源受到严重的污染，如印染厂、食品厂、制药厂、造纸厂、味精厂、屠宰厂、养殖场等排放的污水，还有大量的固体废弃物……如何使被污染的水经过处理后变为可以重新利用的再生水，在科学技术高速发展的今天已成现实。为提高水资源的循环利用，一些大中城市、企业建起了污水处理厂，使浑浊不堪、颜色深沉，乌黑发臭的污水变为清澈透明的、可以重新利用的再生水。然而，这些污水处理厂在污水处理过程中沉淀下来的大量有机废污物料，以及造纸排放的污泥等，其中蕴含着大量的植物必需的营养物质。这些有机废污物料绝大部分没有经过循环利用直接进入环境，这又成了清理、运输、堆放等新的难题和新的污染来源。     

上海地区水环境中邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物的浓度水平及分布特征

选取了上海地区5家污水处理厂以及黄浦江流域11处采样点的水样作为研究对象,采用固相微萃取(solid phase micro-extraction, SPME)气相色谱-质谱联用的方法测定了水样中邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalate esters, PAEs)的含量. 结果表明, 邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(diisobutyl phthalate, DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯(benzyl butyl phthalate, BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DEHP)对PAEs 浓度的贡献很大, 是上海地区黄浦江流域中主要的PAEs 污染物, 其中DIBP 对污水处理厂进水中PAEs 的浓度贡献远大于其他PAEs, 而出水中PAEs 的浓度大大降低, 远低于进水中的浓度. 5 家污水处理厂的PAEs 平均去除率均超过了70%. 黄浦江流域水样中的PAEs 浓度变化范围为18.071~346.662 μg/L, 且PAEs 在黄浦江上游农业区的浓度远低于在中下游工商业区的浓度. 对污水处理厂出水排放和黄浦江流域水样中的PAEs 浓度进行了相关性分析, 结果表明二者没有明显的相关性, 黄浦江水污染的具体来源还需要进一步的研究.     

中小城市生活污水处理厂处理目的与技术关系的探讨

城市生活污水处理厂的主要目的是使城市生活污水经过处理后,水体中的有机污染物和无机污染物浓度水平降低,减少对环境水体的污染。就此提出的主要观点是：城市生活污水处理厂处理目的是使城市生活污水处理厂处理出水成为一种清洁安全的城市水资源,而在这种前提条件下,城市生活污水处理厂（或者准确讲是中小城镇污水处理厂）所选择和采用的技术手段就必须根据该目的进行变化与目的。     

城镇污水处理厂对周边大气中温室气体本底浓度的影响

针对城镇污水处理厂温室气体排放检测需求,采用双检测器模式,构建了同时检测污水处理厂排放的甲烷(CH4)、二氧化碳(CO2)和氧化亚氮(N2O)浓度的气相色谱法监测技术,该方法采用HAYESEP Q色谱柱以及FID和μECD检测器对3种温室气体进行定量分析.结果表明:该色谱体系检测CH4、CO2和N2O浓度的精密度相对标...     

酶联免疫检测技术在水环境雌激素快速筛选中的应用研究

采用酶联免疫(ELISA)检测技术,对长江口水样和污水处理厂水样中的典型雌激素雌二醇(E2)进行分析,并与化学检测浓度进行验证比较.结果表明:ELISA的检测限可低至0.5 ng·L-1,试验的变异系数小于30％,具有较高的灵敏性和良好的重复性;ELISA检测长江口采集的水样中E2浓度范围在0.5 ng· L-1以下到0.7 ng·L-1,污水处理厂水样中E2浓度范围在2.5～11.5 ng· L-1,与液相色谱串联质谱( LC - MS/MS)的分析结果相比,相关系数R2为0.9147,表明两种方法具有良好的相关性;ELISA检测所需的水样量比LC - MS/MS更少,使用96微孔板可同时对43个样品进行检测,从而缩短了单个样品的分析时间,具有快速简便和经济适用性.     

试论如何做好污水处理厂污水水质检测

随着社会经济的不断发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,污水的排放量越来越大,提高污水处理厂处理污水的能力就成为一个越来越突出的社会问题,而要对污水进行处理,首要的问题就是要做好污水处理厂污水水质的检测,该文从对污水水质检测人员进行专业技术教育以提高其自身综合素质;加大对污水处理厂污水水质仪器设备的投资力度;优化污水处理厂水质检测的项目;正确选择合适的污水水质检测仪器仪表并做好日常维护等六个方面进行论述,提出了如何做好污水处理厂污水水质检测的几个途径。     

芬顿氧化-混凝深度处理二级出水试验研究

为了解决污水处理厂二级出水中有机物、总磷(TP)等污染物的超标问题,采用芬顿氧化-混凝工艺对污水进行深度处理,通过正交试验和单因素试验探讨了该工艺对污水的处理效果。研究表明:在芬顿氧化反应时间为40min,初始pH值为6.0,FeSO_4·7H_2O和H_2O_2投加量(质量浓度)分别为600mg/L和850mg/L,且混凝反应pH值为8.0,阴离子聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)投加量(质量浓度)为3.0mg/L的最优反应条件下,出水化学需氧量(COD)、色度和TP的去除率分别为97.5%,96.7%和99.2%,且均达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准。该工艺作为污水深度处理技术,可广泛应用于城镇污水处理厂对难降解污染物的深度处理。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the