Si含量对TiAlSiN纳米复合涂层的微观结构和力学性能的影响

采用不同Si含量的TiAlSi复合靶,在Si基底片上用射频磁控溅射工艺沉积了TiAlSiN纳米复合涂层,采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）和纳米压痕技术研究了Si含量对TiAlSiN涂层的微观结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明：TiAlSiN涂层内部形成了Si₃N₄界面相包裹TiAlN纳米等轴晶粒的纳米复合结构.随着Si含量的增加,TiAlSiN涂层的结晶程度先增加后降低,涂层内部的晶粒尺寸先减小后趋于平稳,涂层的力学性能先升高后降低.当Si与TiAl原子比为3：22时获得的最高硬度和弹性模量分别为37.1 GPa和357.3 GPa.     

TiO2对磁控溅射Ti-TiO2纳米复合涂层抗菌性能的影响

为预防种植体周围炎,采用反应磁控溅射法在纯Ti片表面制备了Ti-TiO₂纳米复合涂层,改变Ti靶材与TiO₂靶材的拼接比例,研究纳米TiO₂体积分数对涂层微观结构和抗菌性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜、接触角测量仪对样品进行微观组织的表征以及表面粗糙度和润湿性能的测量,采用CCK-8法(cell counting kit-8,CCK-8)对涂层进行细胞毒性测试,采用平板涂布计数法对涂层进行抗菌性能评价。结果表明,当Ti靶材与TiO₂靶材的拼接比例为95∶5时,Ti-TiO₂涂层含纳米TiO₂量最多,涂层的表面粗糙度以及与液相接触角达到最大值,分别为1.28 nm和100.42°,涂层无细胞毒性,符合生物安全性材料的标准,涂层的抗菌性能最佳,涂层的抑菌率达到了90.94%。     

自燃烧法制备羟基磷灰石及在钛表面电泳沉积

采用自燃烧法制备羟基磷灰石(HA)粉末,通过调节试剂配比、燃烧温度等实验参数,得出最佳的制备工艺,并对粉体进行了结构、粒度和比表面积的测试。采用电泳沉积法在经阳极氧化的钛板表面形成羟基磷灰石涂层,研究了电解液质量分数、电压、时间对氧化膜及涂层的影响,并进行了XRD和SEM表征;得出阳极氧化的最佳工艺:H2SO4电解液质量分数为20%,电压为120 V,氧化时间为10 min;电泳沉积的最佳工艺:悬浮液质量浓度为15 g/L,沉积电压为250 V,沉积时间为3 min。     

ZrO2涂层对基底阻尼特性的影响

通过电子束物理气相沉积的方法在TC4基体上制备ZrO₂涂层,探究其对基底阻尼作用的影响机理.通过SEM和XRD对涂层的表面形貌和结构特性进行表征,并利用动态力学分析仪(DMA)检测涂层的阻尼性能.结果表明:随着基体温度的升高,晶粒尺寸变大,微缺陷减小,薄层损耗因子产生混合取向,损耗因子增加,阻尼性能提高.在高频下,由于补偿效果,涂层中混晶取向的晶界缺陷消失,阻碍了涂层阻尼性能进一步提高.基底温度为400℃, 激振频率为55Hz时阻尼性能最好.     

正火对高Cr马氏体耐热钢组织和性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、透射电镜(TEM)及扫描电镜(SEM)分析,研究了正火处理对高Cr马氏体耐热钢显微组织、力学性能及断裂机理的影响.结果表明,900~970℃正火后,晶粒尺寸十分细小,在10μm以下.1060~1200℃正火晶粒尺寸迅速增长,1060℃正火晶粒尺寸约为33μm.经过1060℃×2h正火+760℃×3h回火热处理后,室温和600℃高温拉伸屈服强度分别达到535MPa和380MPa,综合力学性能优良,而1060℃长时间正火对力学性能并无明显影响.1060℃×2h正火+760℃×3h回火热处理后得到破碎的晶粒细小回火马氏体组织,晶界上200~300nm M₂₃C₆和晶内5~50nm MX型弥散析出有效地阻碍位错运动,进而提高了材料力学性能.     

钛表面微弧氧化羟基磷灰石陶瓷膜的结构及其生物活性

采用微弧氧化技术(MAO), 以纯钛(TA2)为基体, 在醋酸钙和磷酸二氢钠电解液体系中, 制备含羟基磷灰石(HA)的生物活性陶瓷膜, 并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)、 X射线[KG*8]能谱(EDS)和红外光谱(FT IR)对膜层进行表征, 通过体外模拟体液浸泡实验检测膜层的生物活性. 结果表明, 纯钛经微弧氧化处理10 min后, 在其表面能生成一层含羟基磷灰石成分的多孔陶瓷膜, 该膜层经模拟体液浸泡48 h后, 其表面覆盖一层含有CO^2-₃的羟基磷灰石（类骨磷灰石）, 即该陶瓷膜层具有良好的生物活性.     

Effect of the synthesis route on the structural and dielectric properties of SrBi<Subscript>1.8</Subscript>Y<Subscript>0.2</Subscript>Nb<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>9</Subscript> ceramics

This work is devoted to the synthesis and characterization of yttrium-doped SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ ceramics prepared by three methods: solid state reaction, co-precipitation, and hydrothermal. Multiple characterizations, specifically scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were used to validate the structural feature. The crystallite size was estimated by Scherrer’s formula and the Williamson–Hall plot. The effect of the process on the band intensities of the FTIR spectra was investigated. The crystallite size and microstructure of ceramics prepared from different synthesis processes were strongly influenced by the sinterability. SEM images revealed nanograin ceramics for materials prepared by co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods and micrograin ceramics prepared by the solid state method. The synthesized compounds underwent phase transitions at 480–465°C. The dielectric and electrical properties of these Y-doped SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ ceramics appear to be dependent on the grain size.     

一维La2O3:Eu纳米纤维的制备及荧光性质

采用高压静电纺丝技术, 经高温焙烧制得掺杂Eu3+的一维六方晶相La2O3纳米纤维。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X 射线衍射(XRD)、差热-热重分 析(TG DTA)及荧光光谱(PL)等测试手段对纤维的表面形貌、纯度、晶型及荧光性质进行了表征。由扫描电镜照片可以看出所制得的纤维较为均匀,纤维直径分布在370～430?nm之间,经过1?100?℃焙烧后 直径减小至245?nm左右。荧光光谱测试显示出样品具有较好的荧光性质,尤其是Eu3+的f f跃迁激发及电荷转移跃迁引起较强发光。     

钌铱钛锡钴五元氧化物纳米晶涂层的制备

采用热分解法在５００℃氧化烧结获得五元金属氧化物涂层的制备方法，可获得７ｎｍ晶粒的纳米涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜，透射电子显微饶和Ｘ射线衍射技术分析该涂层的表面形貌、内部晶粒形貌和晶体结构特点。     

TiC/Fe cermet coating by plasma cladding using asphalt as carbonaceous precursor

A new Ti-Fe-C compound powder for plasma cladding was prepared by heating a mixture powder of ferrotitanium and asphalt pyrolyzed as carbonaceous precursor. The carbon by the pyrolysis of the asphalt acts as a reactive constituent as well as a binder in the compound powder. TiC/Fe cermet coatings were prepared by plasma cladding with the compound powder. Results show that the Ti-Fe-C compound powder has a very tight structure, which can avoid the problem that reactive constituent particles are separated during cladding. The TiC/Fe cermet coating presents a typical morphology of plasma cladding coatings with two different laminated layers: one is the composite layers in which the round fine TiC particles (<500nm) are dispersed within a Fe matrix, the other is the paragentic layers of TiC and Ti₂O₃. The coating shows high hardness and excellent wear resistance. The surface hardness of the coating is 68±5(HR30N). In the same fretting conditions, the wear area of Ni60 coating is about 11 times as much as the TiC/Fe cermet coating.     

TiC/Fe cermet coating by plasma cladding using asphalt as carbonaceous precursor

A new Ti-Fe-C compound powder for plasma cladding was prepared by heating a mixture powder of ferrotitaniurn and asphalt pyro- lyzed as a carbonaceous precursor. The carbon by the pyrolysis of the asphalt acts as a reactive constituent as well as a binder in the compound powder. The TiC/Fe cermet coatings were prepared by plasma cladding with the compound powder. Results show that the Ti-Fe-C compound powder has a very tight structure, which can avoid the problem of the reactive constituent particles being separated during cladding. The TiC/Fe cermet coating presents a typical morphology of plasma cladding coatings with two different laminated layers： one is the composite layer in which the round fine TiC particles （〈500 nm） are dispersed within a Fe matrix, the other is the paragentic layer of TiC and Ti2O3. The coating shows high hardness and excellent wear resistance. The surface hardness of the coating is 68 ± 5（HR30N）. In the same fretting conditions, the wear area of Ni60 coating is about Ⅱ times as much as the TiC/Fe cermet coating.     

Microstructure of Ni–Al powder and Ni–Al composite coatings prepared by twin-wire arc spraying

Ni–Al powder and Ni–Al composite coatings were fabricated by twin-wire arc spraying (TWAS). The microstructures of Ni-5wt%Al powder and Ni-20wt%Al powder were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the obtained particle size ranged from 5 to 50 μm. The morphology of the Ni–Al powder showed that molten particles were composed of Ni solid solution, NiAl, Ni₃Al, Al₂O₃, and NiO. The Ni–Al phase and a small amount of Al₂O₃ particles changed the composition of the coating. The microstructures of the twin-wire-arc-sprayed Ni–Al composite coatings were characterized by SEM, EDS, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the main phase of the Ni-5wt%Al coating consisted of Ni solid solution and NiAl in addition to a small amount of Al₂O₃. The main phase of the Ni-20wt%Al coating mainly consisted of Ni solid solution, NiAl, and Ni₃Al in addition to a small amount of Al and Al₂O₃, and NiAl and Ni₃Al intermetallic compounds effectively further improved the final wear property of the coatings. TEM analysis indicated that fine spherical NiAl₃ precipitates and a Ni–Al–O amorphous phase formed in the matrix of the Ni solid solution in the original state.     

改进旋涂法制备纳米粉体分析样品

介绍了一种改进旋涂法——DDS涂膜法(Deposit-Dip-Spin-coating),主要用来制备纳米粉体原子力显微镜(AFM)分析样品。DDS法在保证有足够多的纳米颗粒吸附在云母表面的同时,还增大了溶剂的挥发速度,颗粒的运动局限在一个很小的区域,减小了干燥过程中的团聚,纳米颗粒得到很好的分散。采用DDS法制备PbZr0.90Ti0.10O3-Fe0.003(PZT-Fe)纳米粉体样品,得到了清晰的AFM图像。结合扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析,对样品均匀性、可调因素和测量准确性进行了探索,表明DDS法制备的样品质量好,AFM图像直观、真实地反映了纳米晶体的粒径分布情况。     

Influences of 2.5wt% Mn addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys

The influences of 2.5wt% Mn addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Cu-11.9wt%Al-3.8wt%Ni shape memory alloy (SMA) were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The experimental results show that Mn addition influences considerably the austenite-martensite transformation temperatures and the kind of martensite in the Cu-Al-Ni alloy. The martensitic transformation changes from a mixed xed β₁→β'₁+γ'₁ transformation to a single β₁→β'₁ martensite transformation together with a decrease in transformation temperatures. In addition, the observations reveal that the grain size of the Cu-Al-Ni alloy can be controlled with the addition of 2.5wt% Mn and thus its mechanical properties can be enhanced. The Cu-Al-Ni-Mn alloy exhibits better mechanical properties with the high ultimate compression strength and ductility of 952 MPa and 15%, respectively. These improvements are attributed to a decrease in grain size. However, the hardness decreases from Hv 230 to Hv 140 with the Mn addition.     

铝合金表面ZSM-5型分子筛涂层耐蚀性研究

【目的】探究分子筛作为填料添加到水性涂料中对涂层防腐性能的影响。【方法】利用光学显微镜、XRD及SEM对涂层的中分子筛填料分散效果和涂层微观形貌进行表征,利用极化曲线分析分子筛水性涂层的电化学性能。【结果】分子筛粉末在水性漆中的最大添加比例为15%,超过此比例会出现大块团聚现象。其中10%的分子筛粉末对涂料耐蚀性提升最大。【结论】分子筛良好的高温水热稳定性有助于提高涂料的耐蚀性,但由于水性树脂不能够将分子筛颗粒紧密粘结,其添加量过大时会导致涂层耐蚀性能下降。     

铝及铝镁合金的室温电沉积制备

采用氯化铝-氢化铝锂-四氢呋喃-苯的有机体系电沉积铝,并在此基础上,研究n（氯化铝）∶n（氯化镁）=10∶1时电沉积铝镁合金的工艺条件.结果表明,采用该法在室温下能够成功制备铝及铝镁合金,电沉积铝比沉积铝镁合金条件容易控制,沉积效果也优于铝镁合金.当电流密度为0.010A/cm2,苯与四氢呋喃的体积比为8∶7,氢化铝锂的质量为1.27g时,成功获得了灰黑色粉末状的铝镁镀层,但晶粒较大,镀层与铜基体的结合力差.通过SEM和XRD对镀层进行形貌观察和成分检测可知,该铝镁合金成分为Al3Mg2,且随着电沉积时间的加长,镀层厚度随之增加.     

聚多巴胺对氧化处理后钛合金表面沉积羟基磷灰石的影响

利用阳极氧化法和微弧氧化法分别对医用钛合金表面进行处理,再经聚多巴胺薄膜表面修饰后,利用仿生溶液矿化法制备羟基磷灰石生物活性涂层,并研究聚多巴胺对经不同氧化处理的医用钛合金生物诱导沉积能力的影响;采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱仪和X射线衍射仪对经不同氧化处理及其生物诱导沉积羟基磷灰石涂层的表面形貌、元素组成和相结构进行表征分析.结果表明：阳极氧化和微弧氧化处理后的钛合金表面分别形成了纳米管和微米孔结构;再经聚多巴胺修饰后,可以显著提高羟基磷灰石涂层的生物诱导沉积能力,而且使得羟基磷灰石的排列致密、规则.     

电刷镀纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层组织结构与性能的研究

采用可溶性阳极电刷镀技术制备Ni-Co合金镀层,利用用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)等方法研究合金元素钴对镀层组织结构和性能的影响.结果表明:刷镀工艺下制备的镍钴合金镀层的晶粒尺寸都是纳米级;镍钴合金镀层都是单相面心立方固溶体结构,合金元素Co在镀层中具有固溶强化和细化晶粒的作用,随Co含量的增加,刷镀层的晶粒尺寸减小,硬度提高,耐磨性与耐腐蚀性能提高.     

Effects of gravity on the electrodeposition and characterization of nickel foils

The effects of gravity on nickel electrodeposition, the morphology and mechanical properties of deposits were studied in a super gravity field. Predictions in a microgravity field were also presented based on the obtained experimental tendency. Linear sweep voltammetry reveals that the nickel electrodeposition process is enhanced by increasing the gravity coefficient (G). The limiting current density changes from 10.2 to 293.0 mA·cm-2 with the increase of the G value from 10-4 to 354. The morphology of deposits was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The images show that the morphology deposited in the super gravity field has finer grain sizes and denser and smoother surfaces. The roughness reduces from 48.3 to 4.9 nm with the increase of the G value from 10-4 to 354. Meanwhile, mechanical tests indicate that the mechanical properties of nickel foils are greatly improved due to introducing a super gravity field during electrodeposition.     

Mo-P合金机械合金化研究

采用高能球磨机,对Mo100-xPx(x=15,25,38,43,50,66.7,85,95 at.%)二元系统进行机械合金化研究,用X射线衍射仪对球磨后的合金粉末的结构进行了分析,用扫描电子显微镜对样品的形貌和粒度作了分析.结果表明在球磨100h后Mo-P系统的晶粒尺寸平均约为60nm.Mo和P在等成份附近时有相应的化合物MoP生成,其它成份时产生Mo(P)过饱和固溶体.