东亚钳蝎蝎毒免疫检测技术研究

应用免疫液流泳和对流免疫电泳技术对东亚钳蝎蝎毒进行了免疫检测技术研究。试验结果表明：上述两种试验技术在应用兔抗东亚钳蝎蝎毒血清进行蝎毒蛋白检测时是可行的、快速的、灵敏的。     

东亚钳蝎蝎毒的免疫电泳试验

全蝎是一种名贵的中药,用于临床已有悠久的历史。但对蝎毒的研究近年来才逐渐增多,对蝎毒的结构,性质及生物活性等方面的研究取得了一定的进展,但在蝎毒免疫学方面在国内尚未见正式报道,鉴于蝎毒的本质主要是蛋白质,为揭示蝎毒的一些免疫学活性及建立免疫检测技术方法等,我们作了东亚钳蝎(Buths marsensic karsch)蝎毒的一些免疫学试验。现将免疫电泳试验及结果报告如下:     

中药全蝎的组方配伍及应用

全蝎为钳蝎科动物东亚钳蝎的干燥体,具有抗惊厥、抗帕金森、镇痛、抗癫痫、抗肿瘤和免疫兴奋作用,因此广泛应用于中医药配伍及中成药生产。本文综述了全蝎的中药组方配伍与全蝎提取物、蝎毒的生物医药及应用,以为资源药物全蝎的挖掘、保护和利用提供有益参考。     

东亚钳蝎神经毒素的研究进展

蝎毒中的神经毒素是一类具有特异生物活性的多肽物质。开展对蝎神经毒素的研究是近几年国内外较关注的课题之一。东亚马氏钳蝎（ＢｕｔｈｕｓｍａｒｔｅｎｓｉＫａｒｓｃｈ，ＢｍＫ）是中国分布最广的一种。本文综述了近几年来Ｂｍｋ神经毒素的一级结构研究的一些进展概况     

东亚钳蝎提取物对致痫小鼠大脑GABAA受体活性的影响

目的:研究东亚钳蝎提取物对戊四氮致痫小鼠发作潜伏期的作用并探讨其机理。方法:采用戊四氮致痫小鼠模型,给予实验动物东亚钳蝎提取物灌胃,并以丙戊酸钠为对照,观察其对致痫小鼠发作潜伏期和大脑GABAA受体结合活性的影响。结果:东亚钳蝎提取物中剂量组(500 mg/kg)的惊厥潜伏期比模型鼠明显延长(p<0.05),大脑皮层GABAA受体的结合活性显著提高(p<0.001)。低剂量(250 mg/kg)和高剂量(1 000 mg/kg)治疗组与阳性对照药的作用相当。结论:东亚钳蝎提取物的抗癫痫作用机理可能与提高大脑皮层GABAA受体的结合活性有关。     

应用血清学方法检测棉田蜘蛛捕食棉蚜的研究

本文对检测棉田蜘蛛捕食棉蚜的免疫电泳法进行了研究。结果表明对流免疫电泳法是一种灵敏性和特异性最高的方法,而应用免疫电泳法以棉蚜抗血清来检测棉田蜘蛛捕食棉蚜是可行的。     

太原市“十一五”期间科学技术杰出贡献奖

山西大学和山西省农业生物技术研究中心从我国特色资源东亚钳蝎的应用出发。采用现代生化和分子生物学研究手段，对其中的昆虫特异性毒素基因（BmKIT）和神经胶质瘤特异，眭毒素基因（BmKCT）进行克隆、定向改造，对其基因产物的性质、     

彼得异蝎蝎毒的毒力测定

目的：利用寇氏法测定彼得异蝎蝎毒腹腔注射对小鼠的半致死量。方法：取70只小鼠,雌雄各半,体重（25±2）g,随机分成7组。腹腔一次注射0．2ml／20gN同浓度的蝎毒溶液,观察小鼠的行为表现,并计算蝎毒的半致死量及95％可信区间。结果：半数致死量为164．63mg／kg,95％可信区间为（164．63±27．95）mg／kg。结论：该蝎毒毒性低,小于马氏正钳蝎,不会对人构成严重危害。     

生化检验技术在昆虫分类上的应用

本文从理论和实践的结合上论述了生化检验技术在昆虫分类上应用的方法：即运用 琼脂免疫电泳法区别鳞翅目幼虫近似种；聚丙烯酞胺凝胶电泳测同功酶；染色体分析法。     

东亚飞蝗消化系统蛋白质组双向电泳的分析

为了优化东亚飞蝗消化系统双向电泳技术,建立东亚飞蝗消化系统蛋白表达图谱,探讨雌、雄东亚飞蝗消化系统蛋白组分的差异,利用pH值为3~10和pH值为4~7的胶条分别对雌、雄东亚飞蝗消化系统进行双向电泳分析,进行蛋白组学分析.研究结果发现:雌性东亚飞蝗消化系统蛋白种类多于雄性,雌性东亚飞蝗消化系统特异蛋白中偏酸性蛋白数量与偏碱性蛋白相当,而雄性东亚飞蝗消化系统特异蛋白中酸性蛋白多于碱性蛋白.在雌、雄东亚飞蝗消化系统相匹配蛋白中,含量差异达3倍以上的蛋白约占总匹配蛋白的50;.可见,雌、雄东亚飞蝗消化系统蛋白组分存在差异.     

Toxin-induced conformational changes in a potassium channel revealed by solid-state NMR

The active site of potassium (K+) channels catalyses the transport of K+ ions across the plasma membrane--similar to the catalytic function of the active site of an enzyme--and is inhibited by toxins from scorpion venom. On the basis of the conserved structures of K+ pore regions and scorpion toxins, detailed structures for the K+ channel-scorpion toxin binding interface have been proposed. In these models and in previous solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies using detergent-solubilized membrane proteins, scorpion toxins were docked to the extracellular entrance of the K+ channel pore assuming rigid, preformed binding sites. Using high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy, here we show that high-affinity binding of the scorpion toxin kaliotoxin to a chimaeric K+ channel (KcsA-Kv1.3) is associated with significant structural rearrangements in both molecules. Our approach involves a combined analysis of chemical shifts and proton-proton distances and demonstrates that solid-state NMR is a sensitive method for analysing the structure of a membrane protein-inhibitor complex. We propose that structural flexibility of the K+ channel and the toxin represents an important determinant for the high specificity of toxin-K+ channel interactions.     

运用现代生物技术防治作物病虫害

简要介绍了防治作物病虫害的现代生物技术的最新研究进展，包括一种转基因水稻新品种、激活抗性基因增强作物免疫力、人工合成杀虫基因以及含有蝎毒基因的杀虫病毒等。     

Forcing mechanisms for East-Asia monsoonal variations during the late pleistocene

Based on the climate records derived from loess deposits in north-central China, the characteristics of the East-Asia paleomonsoonal changes during the Late Pleistocene are summarized as follows: (ⅰ) The 0.1_Ma climate period is predominant in both summer and winter monsoonal changes over East Asia; (ⅱ) The East-Asia monsoonal variation is different from the Indian monsoon during the Late Pleistocene; (ⅲ) There is a ～5_ka time lag of the East-Asia monsoon changes relative to the theoretically calculated solar radiation changes; (ⅳ) There is a general trend toward increase in winter monsoon and decrease in summer monsoon in the last glaciation; (ⅴ) In the East-Asia monsoonal region, the amplitude of glacial-to-interglacial cycles shows a remarkable increase from south to north. To explain these characteristics, a conceptual model is developed and the forcing of global ice volume variations in the monsoonal history is emphasized.     

Molecular characterization of a K+ channel blocker in the scorpionButhus martensii Karsch

K⁺ channel blockers of scorpion venoms are of important value in studying pharmacology and physiology of specific K⁺ channel of cells. Based on the amino acid sequences of BmP01 previously characterized as a small-conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channel blocker, two “back to back” degenarate primers have been designed and synthesized for inverse PCR strategy, its full-length cDNA has been cloned from the venom gland of the Chinese scorpionButhus martensii. The cDNA is composed of 3 parts: 5′ UTR, ORF and 3′ UTR. The flanking sequence of translation initiation codon ATG is AAAATGA, which is highly conserved in scorpion Na⁺ channel toxin and protozoan genes, suggesting that these genes may have followed a common mechanism for translation initiation. The 3′ UTR contains poly(A) signal AATAAA. The open reading frame encodes a precursor of 57 residues with a signal peptide of 28 residues and a mature peptide of 29 residues. The signal peptide is rich in hydrophobic amino acid residues and its length is significantly different from that of the determined scorpion Na⁺ channel toxin. The deduced amino acid sequence of mature peptide is completely consistent with BmP01 previously determined by primary structure analysis.     

"昆仑-黄河运动"与我国自然地理格局的形成

"昆仑-黄河运动"是发生在早、中更新世之交的一次强烈的构造运动.这次构造运动不仅影响到了整个青藏高原,把高原面抬升至3000～3500 m,局部地区的山地上升到4500～5000 m的高度,导致青藏高原进入冰冻圈,而且影响大气环流型式,形成了东亚季风的现代格局.冬季风加强和夏委风减弱使得我国北方干旱化加剧,沙漠面积扩大,湖泊消退,亚热带植物从秦岭以北南撤到南方,而且使得黄土堆积范围得到扩展,黄土堆积速度加快.这次构造运动后基本形成了我国自然地理的现代格局.     

Construction of an improved baculovirus insecticide containing an insect-specific toxin gene

Baculoviruses provide alternatives to chemicals for controlling insect pests and can be applied by spraying. Baculoviruses have a limited host range, but work relatively slowly. They are dissolved in the midgut of insect larvae to release infectious virions which enter gut epithelial cells and begin to replicate. Replication in other organs causes extensive tissue damage and eventually death. This process can take 4-5 days, but in the field may last for more than a week, allowing the larvae to feed for longer and thereby damaging the host plant. Baculovirus expression vectors expressing foreign genes, such as those for insect-specific toxins, hormones or enzymes, might alleviate this problem. We have now constructed a recombinant baculovirus derived from Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus containing an insect-specific neurotoxin from the venom of the North African (Algerian) scorpion, Androctonus australis Hector. The neurotoxin acts by causing specific modifications to the Na+ conductance of neurons, producing a presynaptic excitatory effect leading to paralysis and death; it has no effect in mice. Expression of the neurotoxin by the virus causes a reduction in the time required to kill the host insect.     

贝类分泌液保护作用的实验研究

探讨贝类分泌液对烧伤伤口保护作用的机理。实验采用背角无齿蚌、圆顶珠蚌、河蚬、中华圆田螺、铜锈环棱螺、耳河螺的分泌液制成四种不同浓度的药敏纸片和离心得到可溶性及不溶性组分,分别对金葡菌、表皮葡萄球菌、乙型链球菌、甲型副伤寒杆菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、变形杆菌、绿脓杆菌进行了药敏和生长影响试验。结果表明,其机理不是抑菌,而是生物保护膜的作用。从而,为贝类分泌液的临床应用提供了重要的科学依据。