锰系低碳白口铸铁磨球的热处理

研究了砂型铸造锰系低碳白口铸铁磨球经不同温度回火及不同温度空淬处理的硬度、抗多冲碎裂性能与抗磨性．结果表明，■６０磨球含锰５％以下，空冷未能淬硬．低碳白口铸铁磨球含锰量不宜高于３％．     

铸态奥氏体贝氏体球铁的初步实验研究

探讨了在高碳和高碳当量(C·E≈4.7％)的情况下,生产铸态奥贝球铁的可能性。在铜钼加入量一定时,得到了降低镍加入量获得奥贝组织的极限值,得出镍是有效推迟奥氏体相交和获得贝氏体基体的元素。为了在低镍含量下获得较高强度的铸态奥氏体贝氏体球铁,探讨了加入微量硼提高基体淬透性以获得以下贝氏体为主的基体的可能性,得出微量硼是降低镍的加入量,较大幅度提高球铁的强度和硬度的有效元素。通过四元两水平正交实验法,得出镍铜钼硼在一定的配比下可获得高强度的铸态奥贝球铁。     

应用相似理论设计球磨机模型装置及耐磨试验

应用相似准则推导了球磨机模型的设计条件，确定模型的设计参数。利用设计的模型装置对 稀土低碳白口铸铁及中锰球铁磨球进行模拟对比耐磨试验，并与工业对比耐磨试验进行比较，二 者结果吻合较好，其磨损曲线和磨损形貌很相似。文中对磨球的失效机理也进行了分析。     

铬镍铜合金铸铁的成份和性能探讨

本文介绍一种制做内燃饥气阀座的新材质——铬镍铜合金铸铁。该铸铁具有合金元素用量少,生产成本低、抗生长、抗氧化及抗腐蚀等性能优良的特点。     

用于水泥球磨的低合金铸铁球

低合金铸铁球的制造,采用冲天炉熔炼,金属型浇铸,浇口采用保温材料,因而提高了铁水的利用率和铸件的成品率、铸球经热处理后,充分发挥了合金元素对基体组织的固溶强化作用,改善了碳化物的分布形态,显著提高了铸件耐磨性,延长了使用寿命。     

铜对无磁铸铁组织和性能的影响

实验研究了铜对Ｎｉ－Ｍｎ系奥氏体无磁铸铁组织和电磁性能的影响，测定了不同加铜量时铸铁的磁化强度，当Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ量不足时，组织中出现马氏体，磁化强度较高，加入一定量的铜，马氏体消失，磁化强度降低，为用冲天炉生产无磁铸铁大型铸件提供了炉前质量控制的可靠方法。     

钨渣在耐磨球中的应用

将钨渣应用于铸铁中研制出含W、Mn、Nb、Ta的钨渣合金耐磨球。通过矿山、水泥厂及模拟磨损试验和生产应用，结果证明其耐磨性可与高铬铸铁媲美。     

消失模铸造灰铸铁石墨形态的研究

在消失模铸造条件下,文章研究了冷却速度、碳当量、硫质量分数及孕育方法对亚共晶灰铸铁石墨形态的影响.结果表明:当铸铁的碳当量降低时,在铸件的薄壁处极易出现过冷石墨,E型石墨数量增多;通过瞬时孕育,可显著改善石墨形核的条件,控制过冷石墨的形成;灰铸铁中,含硫量对石墨组织也具有很重要的影响,当灰铸铁的含硫量为0.08％～0....     

含碳量对高铬白口铸铁组织、硬度及冲击韧性的影响

进行了合碳量对１６％Ｃｒ白口铸铁组织和性能影响的实验研究,结果表明：随着碳量增加,碳化物的含量增加,并且由连续的网状逐渐变成孤立的花状、杆状和块状;当碳量合适时,硬度和冲击韧性均出现峰值,综合性能最佳。     

球磨过程中粉末的行为变化

在不同的球径、转速、球料比和球磨介质等条件下,对多种微细粉末（Ｆｅ,Ｃｒ,Ｎｉ,Ｍｏ,Ｃ,ＷＣ和ＴｉＣ）进行了一系列球磨试验．结果发现,采用高转速、大球料比、合适的球径以及湿磨状态可以改善球磨效果．另外,单质粉末的晶体结构类型是决定其球磨难易程度的一个重要因素．对于金属碳化物,则主要归因于其脆性的影响．此外,还探讨了单质铁粉在球磨过程中粒度与时间的数学关系．     

铁素体球墨铸铁低温冲击韧性

为了优化生产工艺,探究化学成分对低温冲击韧性影响规律,通过夏比冲击试验方法研究了三组铸态全铁素体球墨铸铁低温冲击韧性,分析了硅碳含量对低温冲击韧性影响及断口形貌。结果表明：三组试样中,冲击韧性随碳含量增多和硅含量降低而升高;冲击韧度值随着温度的降低而下降,-20 ℃下可以达到15.20 J,冲击韧度值在温度低于-40 ℃后变化不大,韧脆转变温度在-40 ℃以上。冲击断口形貌表明,随温度降低,球墨铸铁的断裂机制由韧性断裂转为韧脆混合断裂,最后变为脆性断裂。可见碳硅含量会对低温冲击韧性造成一定影响。     

高碳变质铸铁中石墨漂浮缺陷的防止

高炉铁液经变质处理后,原生铁中粗大片状石墨成为球状或蠕团状,从而使其抗拉强度由约10kg/mm~2提高至35～63kg/mm~2,但变质高炉铁液直接用于生产遇到的首要障碍是由于生铁含碳量高(4.0～4.8％)所引起的石墨漂浮缺陷。本文从分析铸铁凝固特点出发,对高碳变质铸铁中石墨漂浮的形成机理提出了新的看法,并通过工艺试验提出了防止措施。     

高铬铸铁三体腐蚀磨损机理及影响因素的研究

本文研究了24%Cr 高铬铸铁在弱酸性介质条件下的三体腐蚀磨损机理及含碳量、稀土残留量等因素对高铬铸铁腐蚀及腐蚀磨损特性的影响,建立了高铬铸铁三体腐蚀磨损机理的解析模型.结果表明:在三体腐蚀磨损过程中,高铬铸铁腐蚀与磨损交互作用特点为铸态条件下以磨损促进腐蚀为主,淬火条件下以腐蚀促进磨损为主;随着含碳量的增加,三体腐蚀磨损抗力呈下降趋势;当铸铁中残留一定数量的稀土元素时,铸态高铬铸铁腐蚀与磨损交互作用的特点转变为以腐蚀促进磨损为主;当有合适的稀土残留量时,高铬铸铁的腐蚀特性与三体腐蚀磨损特性最佳.     

奥氏体——贝氏体球铁显微组织及等温转变过程的研究

本文作者利用X射线衍射及电子显微技术对不同热处理工艺的奥氏体——贝氏体球铁的显微组织进行了定性及定量分析,并在此基础上着重讨论了球铁等温淬火的转变过程,在本文中论述了奥氏体化温度、时间,等温温度、时间对残余奥氏体含量、合碳量、硬度HV值以及贝氏体形态的影响,还讨论了残余奥氏体含量与含碳量之间的关系。     

Microstructure of ultrahigh carbon martensite

Recent experimental investigations suggest that the martensite formed by quenching carbon steels(0.2–1.26 mass %C) are composed of twins and nanoscale ω particles in twin boundaries, rather than carbon supersaturated uniform solutions. In order to probe the microstructure of the martensite with ultrahigh carbon content, a novel strategy is employed in the present study to obtain ultrahigh carbon martensite(approximate2.1 mass %C) by quenching ductile cast iron. The microstructure of the martensite was intensively characterized by high resolution transmitting electron microscopy. It is indicated that the microstructure of the ultrahigh carbon martensites is composed of ultrafine {112} 111 -type twins and high-density nano-scaled ω particles embedded in twin boundaries. These ω nanoparticles in twin boundaries could remarkably impede the deformation of the movement of the nanotwins in martensites, leading to poor ductility and strength of the quenched ductile cast iron. These findings not only reveal the substructures of ultrahigh carbon martensite, but also enhance the understanding of the mechanical behavior of high carbon steels and ductile cast irons.     

Growth in solution of hooked Ni–Fe fibers by oriented rotation and attachment approaches

Inspired by the curved branches of fractal trees, hooked Ni–Fe fibers were grown in situ in Ni–Fe composite coatings on a spheroidal graphite cast iron substrate. These hooked Ni–Fe fibers exhibited inclination angles of about 39°, which was in accordance with the theoretical prediction of 37°. Ni–Fe nanostructures self-assembled to form dendrites and evolved into hooked fibers by an oriented attachment reaction. The orientation rotation of Ni–Fe nanostructures played an important role in the growth of curved hooked Ni–Fe fibers. During sliding wear tests, the volume loss of the spheroidal graphite cast iron substrate was 2.2 times as large as that of the Ni–Fe coating reinforced by hooked fibers. The good load-transferring ability of hooked Ni–Fe fibers led to an improvement in their wear properties during wear tests.     

钒对贝氏体球墨铸铁组织与硬度的影响

研究了钒在连续冷却淬火贝氏体球墨铸铁中的存在形式和作用,以及对球墨失贝氏体组织和性能的影响机制,结果表明：钒在贝氏体球墨铸铁以固溶和弥散碳化物２种形式存在,它能有效地增加贝氏体形核率,促进贝氏体转变,细化贝氏体组织,强化基体,提高硬度,因此,钒可替代钼、镍、硼等元素生产贝氏体球铁。     

Effects of Ni content on the cast and solid-solution microstructures of Cu-0.4wt%Be alloys

The effects of Ni content (0–2.1wt%) on the cast and solid-solution microstructures of Cu-0.4wt%Be alloys were investigated, and the corresponding mechanisms of influence were analyzed. The results show that the amount of precipitated phase increases in the cast alloys with increasing Ni content. When the Ni content is 0.45wt% or 0.98wt%, needle-like Be₂₁Ni₅ phases form in the grains and are mainly distributed in the interdendritic regions. When the Ni content is 1.5wt% or greater, a large number of needle-like precipitates form in the grains and chain-like Be₂₁Ni₅ and BeNi precipitates form along the grain boundaries. The addition of Ni can substantially refine the cast and solid-solution microstructures of Cu-0.4wt%Be alloys. The hindering effects of both the dissolution of Ni into the matrix and the formation of Be–Ni precipitates on grain-boundary migration are mainly responsible for refining the cast and solid-solution microstructures of Cu-0.4wt%Be alloys. Higher Ni contents result in finer microstructures; however, given the precipitation characteristics of Be–Ni phases and their dissolution into the matrix during the solid-solution treatment, the upper limit of the Ni content is 1.5wt%–2.1wt%.     

漳州市区热水对材料腐蚀的试验研究

种金属试样、６种玻璃钢试样、５种涂料试样在高温高盐份的漳州流动地热水中浸渍一年以估计其腐蚀性能．结果表明，Ｔｉ、０Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ１１Ｔｉ、１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ耐蚀良好；铸铁、碳钢、１６Ｍｎ和铝腐蚀严重；铜的腐蚀轻微；所有玻璃钢试样表面无明显变化．但分别降低各自的强度；涂料试样中，只有生漆和环氧改性沥青漆二种是耐蚀的     

Effects of Carbon Content and Solidification Rate on the Thermal Conductivity of Grey Cast Iron

The thermal conductivity/diffusivity of pearlitic grey irons with various carbon contents was investigated by the laser flash method. The materials were cast in controlled thermal environments producing three dissimilar cooling rates. The cooling rates together with the carbon content largely influence the thermal conductivity of grey iron. Linear relationships exist between the thermal conductivity and the carbon content, the carbon equivalent, and the fraction of the former primary solidified austenite transformed into pearlite. The results show that the optimal thermal transport properties are obtained at medium cooling rates. Equations are given for the thermal conductivity of pearlite, solidified as pre-eutectic austenite, and the eutectic of grey iron. The thermal conductivity of pearlitic grey iron is modelled at both room temperature and elevated temperatures with good accuracy.