热压烧结ZrB_/B_4C陶瓷材料的组织与性能

以B_4C、C、ZrO_2为主要原料,采用反应热压法制备ZrB_2/B_4C陶瓷材料。通过对ZrB_2/B_4C陶瓷材料的显微组织及力学性能的综合分析,发现第二相ZrB_2含量为20 wt%时,材料具有较好的综合力学性能,相对密度为99.3%,维氏硬度为36.1 GPa,抗弯强度为533.3 MPa,断裂韧性为6 95 MPa·m~(1/2),比纯B_4C陶瓷材料的性能均有所提高。材料为穿晶和沿晶断裂的混合断裂模式。     

陶瓷材料微波烧结动力学机理研究

根据微波烧结的特点，结合陶瓷材料常规烧结过程的烧结机理，探索了以离子电导扩散为主的微波烧结动力学机理，采用平板－球模型，推导出了陶瓷材料微波烧结初期的烧结动力学方程，并以TZP，ZrO2-Al2O3陶瓷材料为例，对微波烧结初期的理论模型进行了验证．结果表明：微波烧结所获得的材料收缩率与烧结时间成2／3次方，与粉料的粒度尺寸成-4/3次方关系；而常规烧结收缩率与烧结时间成2／5次方，表明达到同样致密度时微波烧结所需的时间比常规烧结更短，与大部分实验规律相符（如TZP，ZrO2-Al2O3陶瓷材料）．     

CeO2对锂离子电池正极材料LiMn1/3CO1/3Ni/3O2的包覆改性

采用溶胶凝胶法对LiMn1/3CO1/3Ni/3O2表面包覆了1．0wt％的CeO2．采用X射线衍射（XRD），扫描电镜（SEM），循环伏安（CV）和恒流充放电对包覆和未包覆的LiMn1/3CO1/3Ni/3O2进行了结构表征与性能测试分析．研究显示，CeO2并没有改变电极材料的晶体结构，仅在电极材料表面形成均匀的包覆层．包覆1．0wt％CeO2后的材料的放电容量和循环性能均明显优于未包覆的材料．在20mA·g^-1的电流密度下，包覆1．0wt％CeO2后的材料的放电容量为182．5mAh·g^-1而未包覆的材料仅为165．8mAh·g-1．包覆1．0wt％CeO2后的材料在3．0C下循环12周后的容量保持率达93．2％，而未包覆的材料的容量保持率仅为86．6％．CV测试表明，CeO2包覆层可以有效的防止正极材料与电解液的直接接触，抑制了材料结构的转变或抑制了与电解液的副反应，从而提高了材料的电化学性能．     

前驱体中Bi含量对Bi3．4Ce0．6Ti3O12薄膜结构和性能的影响

分别配制了Bi含量为90，100和110mole％的前驱体，在Pt／Ti／SiO2／Si衬底上制备Bi3．4Ce0．6Ti3O12薄膜，研究前驱体中Bi含量对其微观结构和铁电性能的影响．前驱体中Bi含量增加可以有效地改善薄膜的结晶性能和表面形貌．对Pt／Bi3．4Ce0．6Ti3O12／Pt电容结构进行电学性能测量，发现Bi过量10％的前驱体制备的Bi3．4Ce0．6Ti3O12薄膜具有较好的性能：室温下，在测试频率1kHz时，其介电常数为172，介电损耗为0．033；在测试电场为600kV／cm时，其剩余极化值（2Pr）和矫顽电场（2Ec）分别达到67．1gC／cm^2和299．7kV／cm；同时还表现出良好的抗疲劳特性和绝缘性能．     

微弧氧化法制备TiO2／Ti电极及其光催化性能研究

采用微弧氧化的方法，分别在2，4，8，12和16g／l的NaH2PO4溶液中制备了不同的TiO2／Ti电极，并在主波长为365nm的250W高压汞灯照射下，对所制备的TiO2／Ti电极的光催化性能进行了测试。结果表明：在NaH2PO4电解质溶液浓度为4mg／l时制备的TiO2／Ti电极效果最好。辐照浓度为5mg／1的若丹明B溶液120min时，若丹明B降解速率达到85％。试验结果模拟证实，在该实验条件下，TiO2／Ti电极降解若丹明B溶液反应符合准一级反应。     

分子印迹基质固相分散．液相色谱法测定水产品中的磺胺类抗生素残留

以获得的对磺胺类抗生素具有特异选择性的分子印迹聚合物作为吸附材料，建立分子印迹基质固相分散萃取技术；对水产品中的SAs进行富集、纯化，进一步结合高效液相色谱法；建立基于分子印迹技术的水产品中SAs检测的新方法。结果表明，虾和鱼样品中磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲嘧啶、磺胺15-甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲唿唑、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶的最低检测限分别为11．8、11．1、11．4、10．8、9．8、9．4μg／kg和10．7、11．2、11．4、10．6、9．4、9．9μg／kg，最低定量限分别为27．1、31．6、28．8、27．3、29．3、28．3μg／kg和26．2、28．0、27．2、28．6、25．0、25．6μg／k，六种SAs回收率均达80％以上．可应用于水产样品中SAs的定号检测．     

小鼠皮肤局部缺血模型的建立

目的研究建立稳定的昆明小鼠皮肤局部缺血模型。方法取40只雌性昆明小鼠，随机分为A／B两组，每组20只。分别在小鼠背部建立深达皮下筋膜层的u型皮瓣。A组为3．3×1．5cm皮瓣组．B组为2．5×1．5CITI皮瓣组。皮瓣游离缘垫以医用橡胶，缝合切口，造成皮肤缺血模型，术后观察皮瓣发绀水肿及坏死情况，并用散斑全景实时血流成像仪（MoorFLH）检测皮瓣血流。结果肉眼观察，3．3×1．5cm皮瓣组在术后第2天，50％小鼠皮瓣末端坏死，坏死面积达皮瓣面积的（37．20±4．83）％。术后第3天100％小鼠皮瓣末端坏死。并随时间的延长，坏死面积逐渐扩大。2．5×1．5皮瓣组在术后第1天皮瓣出现发绀，水肿，发绀水肿面积占（77．46±4．51）％，术后第3，第5天发绀水肿区面积逐渐减小，至术后第7天，发绀、水肿完全消退。散斑全景实时血流成像仪（MoorFLPI）检测皮肤血流显示，术后第1天皮瓣显著性缺血（P〈0．05），术后第7天血流基本恢复到术前水平。结论成功建立了昆明小鼠皮肤局部缺血模型，为进一步研究组织微血管再生的机理和策略提供简单而稳定的动物模型。     

颗粒强化氧化铝基复合陶瓷断裂特性的预测

计算了颗粒强化的氧化铝／碳化硅和氧化铝/莫来石复合陶瓷的残余微应力．结果表明，这两种复合陶瓷基体中的微应力与颗粒含量成线性关系．分析了应力状态对裂纹扩展和晶界强化的影响．从微应力作用的角度计算了氧化铝／碳化硅和氧化铝／莫来石复合陶瓷基体晶界与晶粒韧性比，并进一步得到断口的穿晶断裂百分比，从而建立了这两种复合陶瓷微观结构及成分、基体微应力、穿晶断裂百分比三者的对应关系．这样根据颗粒强化复合陶瓷的微观结构、第二相含量及分布可以预测复合陶瓷的断裂特性．     

GaN基β辐射伏特效应微电池的优化设计研究

β辐射伏特效应同位素微电池具有体积小、工作稳定性好、寿命长、能量密度高、抗干扰性强等优点，逐渐成为微能源研究的方向．本文以半导体物理理论为基础，提出基于宽禁带半导体材料GaN和放射性同位素^147Pm的同位素微电池最优化设计方案．引入对同位素源自吸收效应的考量，通过蒙特卡罗程序MCNP模拟计算β粒子在半导体材料中的输运过程，对同位素源与半导体材料的最优化厚度，半导体材料PN结结深、耗尽区厚度、掺杂浓度，以及电子空穴对的产生及收集情况进行了研究和分析．提出的β辐射伏特效应同位素微电池最优化设计方案可实现：^147Pm单次衰变在能量转换单元中沉积的能量为28．2keV；同位素电池的短路电流密度为1．636μA／cm^2，开路电压为3．16V，能量转化率为13．4％．     

刚地弓形虫RH株感染对BALB／c小鼠情绪行为的影响

目的研究刚地弓形虫RH株感染对BALB／c小鼠学习记忆行为的影响及可能机制。方法将72只周龄、大小相近的雄性BALB／c小鼠采用随机数字表分为生理盐水对照组与不同数量（3×10^3／ml、3×10^4／ml、3×10^5／m1）弓形虫RH株感染组，每组18只。于感染第5周从每组各随机抽取6只分别进行高架十字迷宫实验、旷场实验及强迫游泳实验，观察各组小鼠在实验中情绪行为变化。并记录各项指标进行统计分析。结果在高架迷宫试验与旷场实验中，3×10^3／ml弓形虫感染组小鼠与生理盐水对照组小鼠比较，各项行为学指标无明显差异。在3×10^4／ml、3×10^5／ml弓形虫感染组小鼠与对照组小鼠比较出现明显降低（P〈0．05）．以3×10^5／ml感染组最为明显，其小鼠运动活力（0E＋cE）、进入开放臂次数比例（OE％）、开放臂停留时间比例（OT％）小鼠爬行总格数、中央格在总格数中比例分别为11．08±2．12、28．73±0．59％、25．62±2．33％、32．30±17．26、2．42±0．65％。在强迫游泳试验中，各弓形虫感染组小鼠游泳的静止时间均高于对照组小鼠（P〈0．05），3×10^5／ml感染组静止时间最长，达226．6±1．9S。结论刚地弓形虫RH株感染可引起小鼠情绪行为改变，具有焦虑抑郁倾向。     

Dielectric properties of BST/MZO ceramic composites

Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Mg1-xZnxO(MZO,x=0,0.05,0.10,0.15 and 0.20) ceramic composites were prepared by traditional ceramic processing.The crystal structure,fracture surface morphology,and dielectric properties were investigated.The samples with x=0,0.05 and 0.10 exhibited favorable sintering behavior,and homogeneous diphase microstructure was obtained. Nevertheless,the microstructure of the samples with x=0.15 and 0.20 was inhomogeneous and abnormal grain growth could be observed,and the abnormal grain growth induced the degradation of dielectric strength.The sample with x=0.10 has relatively low dielectric loss(1.26×10-3) and the optimal FOM value(about 174) .     

HJ-1B卫星遥感数据在重庆市城市热环境监测的应用分析

本文以MODIS反演大气透射率,以HJ-1B/CCD分类结果反演地表比辐射率,并基于单窗算法,利用HJ-1B/IRS4数据反演地表温度.在此基础上,提取研究区的热场变异指数来分析重庆热岛空间分布特征,并就NDVI与NDBI对热岛效应的影响进行了分析.其结果如下:1)重庆城市热岛大致位于中梁山、铜锣山之间,呈东北、西南走向分布;2)热岛中心不在市中心,而是集中在大渡口工业园区、江北机场这些能耗大、人口密集区域,热岛强度范围在5?C-10?C之间;3)接近长江、嘉陵江水域的建筑用地密集区域,其热岛效应并不明显;4)NDVI与热岛强度呈负相关关系,NDBI与热岛强度呈现较为明显的正相关关系,二者对热岛都有重要影响,而NDBI的影响更大.因此,利用HJ-1B数据监测城市热环境,能较好地揭示重庆城市热岛空间分布特征,为城市环境监测与改善提供参考.     

稀土Ho3＋/Yb3＋共掺SrBi4Ti4O15高温铁电陶瓷的上转换发光及其温度传感特性

Sr Bi4Ti4O15是一种具有高居里温度（Tc）、高机械品质因数和大电阻率的铋层状结构铁电、压电多功能材料,通过掺入稀土离子的手段,可使其具有上转换发光的特性,并且可以在一定程度上改善其电学性能.在本文中,同时将Ho3＋和Yb3＋对A位的Bi进行取代,其中Ho3＋的取代量为0.06 mol-1,Yb3＋的取代范围为0≤x≤0.3,采用传统的固相烧结法制备了Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷.主要通过控制Ho3＋离子的量不变,调节Yb3＋离子的浓度来研究不同稀土离子掺杂量对Sr Bi4Ti4O15陶瓷的形貌、上转换发光特性、以及介电性能的影响.在使用980 nm的红外激光器对Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷进行激发下,从上转换发光图谱中可以观察到三个峰,分别为峰位在547 nm附近较强的绿色发光、659附近以及759 nm处的较弱的红色发光.同时可以看到,随着Yb3＋浓度的增加,绿色上转换发光的强度表现出先增强,后减弱的规律,且当Yb3＋取代量为x=0.15时,绿色上转换发光强度达到最大值.通过研究上转换发光强度与激发光功率的关系得到,绿色和红色上转换发光均为双光子吸收过程.在研究Sr Bi3.79Ho0.06Yb0.15Ti4O15样品上转换发光与温度的关系时,可以观测到随着温度的增加,547 nm处的绿色上转换发光和659 nm处的红色上转换发光的强度均随之减弱,且I659 nm与I547 nm的荧光强度比与温度存在线性关系,利用这种温度与上转换发光强度的关系,可将Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷应用于光学温度传感器.     

Role of the A chain in thrombin function

The A chain of thrombin is covalently linked to the catalytic B chain but is separate from any known epitope for substrate recognition. In this study we present the results of the Ala replacement of 12 charged residues controlling the stability of the A chain and its interaction with the B chain. Residues Arg4 and Glu8 play a significant role in substrate recognition, even though they are located > 20 A away from residues of the catalytic triad, the primary specificity pocket and the Na+ site. The R4A mutation causes significant perturbation of Na+ binding, fibrinogen clotting and PAR1 cleavage, but modest reduction of protein C activation in the presence of thrombomodulin. These findings challenge our current paradigm of thrombin structure-function relations focused exclusively on the properties of the catalytic B chain, and explain why certain naturally occurring mutations of the A chain cause serious bleeding.     

JNK1-dependent antimitotic activity of thiazolidin compounds in human non-small-cell lung and colon cancer cells

We recently identified two thiazolidin compounds, 5-[(4-methylphenyl)methylene]-2-(phenylamino)-4(5H)-thiazolone (MMPT) and 5-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin (DBPT), that inhibit the growth of human non-small-cell lung and colon cancer cells independent of P-glycoprotein and p53 status. Here we further investigated the mechanism by which these thiazolidin compounds mediate their anticancer effects. Treatment of cancer cells with MMPT and DBPT led to a time-dependent accumulation of cells arrested in the G2/M phase with modulation of the expression of proteins such as cyclin B1, cdc25C, and phosphorylated histone H3. Moreover, treatment with MMPT and DBPT increased M-phase arrest with abnormal spindle formation. DBPT-mediated G2/M phase arrest and phosphorylation of cdc25C and histone H3 were abrogated when JNK activation was blocked either with SP600125, a specific JNK inhibitor, or a dominant-negative JNK1 gene. Moreover, DBPT-mediated microtubule disruption was also blocked by SP600125 treatment. Our results demonstrate that thiazolidin compounds can effectively induce G2/M arrest in cancer cells and that this G2/M arrest requires JNK activation.     

铋层状化合物Na0.5Ho0.5-xYbxBi4Ti4O15陶瓷材料的上转换发光、铁电、介电性能研究

采用传统的固相烧结法,制备了Na0.5Ho0.5-xYbxBi4Ti4O15铋层状结构陶瓷.经X射线衍射（XRD）表征,新合成材料为单相结构,且扫描电子显微镜下的表面和断面图像均为层状,说明合成材料为新型铋层状材料.室温时,在可见光波长范围内,有2个峰,分别为546 nm处的绿光峰和656 nm处的红光峰,分别对应于Ho3＋离子的5F4＋5S2→5I8和5F5→5I8跃迁.为研究其机理,测试了变功率条件下的发光强度,经计算,绿光和红光发射均为双光子过程.研究陶瓷样品在变温（-130~270°C）条件下的发光性能时,发现红光与绿光的强度比值与温度呈线性关系,该材料有望应用于光学温度传感器领域.经介电性能测试发现当Ho：Yb=1：9时,样品的居里温度为686.4°C.研究铁电性能发现当Ho：Yb=3：2时,剩余极化Pr为9.3μC/cm2,矫顽场强为Ec=82 k V/cm,表明具有一定的铁电性能.以上研究结果表明,制得的新材料是一种具有优异光学性能的多功能材料.     

Arylsulfatase B synthesis and clearance in inbred mouse strains

Arylsulfatase B activity levels were approximately 2-3-fold higher in adult C57BL/6J liver and kidney compared to corresponding tissues from A/J inbred mice. In vivo incorporation of tritiated leucine into C57BL/6J hepatic arylsulfatase B reached a maximum approximately 15 h after injection. The label was cleared from C57BL/6J arylsulfatase B with an apparent half-life of 36 h. The relative rates of synthesis of C57BL/6J and A/J arylsulfatase B were similar; however, the A/J enzyme was cleared more rapidly from liver tissue. C57BL/6J kidney arylsulfatase B appeared to be synthesized at a 2-3-fold higher rate than the corresponding A/J enzyme. These trends suggest genetic regulation of arylsulfatase B is effected through different means in liver and kidney from adult mice of these two inbred strains.     

A new chalcone glucoside and cernuoside from the flowers ofAcacia dealbata

Summary A new chalcone glucoside has been isolated from the flowers ofAcacia dealbata and shown to be 4,2,4,6-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxychalcone 2-O--D-glucoside (1) by chemical degradations and spectroscopic methods. Cernuoside (4,6,3,4-tetrahydroxyaurone 4-O--D-glucoside), (2) has also been found in this plant material.Acknowledgments. The author thanks Prof. H. Wagner, Institut für pharmazeutische Arzneimittellehre der Universität München, for a sample of homoeriodictyol, and Prof. J.B. Harborne, University of Reading, for a sample of aureusidin.     

Molecular processes involved in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

B cell leukaemia is one of the most frequent malignancies in the paediatric population, but also affects a significant proportion of adults in developed countries. The majority of infant and paediatric cases initiate the process of leukaemogenesis during foetal development (in utero) through the formation of a chromosomal translocation or the acquisition/deletion of genetic material (hyperdiploidy or hypodiploidy, respectively). This first genetic insult is the major determinant for the prognosis and therapeutic outcome of patients. B cell leukaemia in adults displays similar molecular features as its paediatric counterpart. However, since this disease is highly represented in the infant and paediatric population, this review will focus on this demographic group and summarise the biological, clinical and epidemiological knowledge on B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of four well characterised subtypes: t(4;11) MLL-AF4, t(12;21) ETV6-RUNX1, t(1;19) E2A-PBX1 and t(9;22) BCR-ABL1.     

Production and characterization of antibodies cross-reactive with major aflatoxins

Antibodies cross-reactive with 4 major aflatoxins were demonstrated three weeks after immunization of rabbits with an immunogen which was prepared by conjugating aflatoxin B3 to bovine serum albumin. Aflatoxin B3 was first converted to its hemisuccinate before conjugation to the protein. Tritiated aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was used as the marker ligand both for antibody titer determination as well as for analysis of antibody specificity. Competitive RIA revealed that the antibodies have good cross-reactivity with aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 when tritiated AFB1 was used as the marker ligand. The concentrations causing 50% inhibition of binding of 3H-AFB1 to the antibodies by unlabeled aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 and B3 were found to be 0.25, 3.34, 0.32, 4.0 and 0.53 ng/assay, respectively. The antibodies could be used for simultaneous analysis of aflatoxins B1 and G1, two of the most important toxic metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus.