半干法烟气脱硫中喷嘴雾化作用分析

众所周知,火电厂和各种各样的工业锅炉是排放二氧化硫造成酸雨的主要污染源。目前火电厂二氧化硫排放量约占全国排放量的1/2,因此火电厂脱硫,减少二氧化硫排放是今后的重点任务。半干法烟气脱硫工艺与传统的湿法烟气脱硫工艺相比具有投资费用低、能耗小、易于处理等优点。本文在半干法烟气脱硫艺的基础,探讨了半干法烟气脱硫中喷嘴雾化的作用。     

浅谈湿法烟气脱硫取消烟气换热器（GGH）的决策

对火电厂湿法烟气脱硫中GGH的作用与问题进行了评价和对取消GGH的可行性与经济性进行分析。火电厂湿法烟气脱硫系统取消GGH是一种趋势。希望本文能够为同类电厂烟气脱硫工程设计或改造提供借鉴。     

微生物湿法烟气脱硫技术研究应用及展望

由于石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫工艺中湿烟气的排放会引发雾霾问题,脱硫工艺亟待完善和改进,微生物湿法脱硫技术以其低能耗、低成本、无二次污染等优势成为潜在的发展方向。从硫的价态形式出发,介绍了氧化型和还原型两种微生物湿法烟气脱硫技术的脱硫机制、研究现状及应用现状,并从技术条件、脱硫效率、投资成本、运行能耗等方面比较了微生物湿法脱硫与石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫技术之间的区别,指出还原型微生物湿法烟气脱硫或将成为今后微生物湿法脱硫的主导方向。     

电石渣脱硫废水处理技术探讨

针对某化工厂湿法烟气脱硫废水处理系统工程的调试及运行实践,分析了电石渣-石膏湿法烟气脱硫废水特点、处理工艺流程及调试运行参数,探讨了废水处理系统合理化运行规律,为火电厂脱硫废水处理系统运行优化提供参考。     

燃煤电厂湿法石灰石烟气脱硫技术的分析

在我国工业生产过程中,尤其是火电厂在运营过程中,二氧化硫的排放量不断增加,给环境带来了严重的危害,因此,烟气脱硫技术就显得尤为重要。目前,烟气脱硫技术主要有吸附法、电子束法等,从实际需求来看,石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫技术应用较为广泛。文章介绍了燃煤电厂使用的湿法石灰石烟气脱硫技术,分析了湿法石灰石脱硫技术在应用过程中影响脱硫效率的因素,旨在为今后相关技术研究提供参考。     

一种数据驱动的湿法烟气脱硫系统的故障诊断方法

采用主元分析法(PCA)对火电厂湿法烟气脱硫系统进行故障诊断.利用PCA建立系统故障诊断模型,通过计算平方预测误差(SPE)来检测系统是否发生故障,若有故障发生则用Q贡献率法来分离故障,识别发生故障的原因.通过采集福州某电厂湿法烟气脱硫系统的历史数据进行Matlab仿真并在组态王中显示故障诊断曲线,表明用PCA法对湿法烟气脱硫系统故障具有良好的诊断效果.     

脱硫装置烟气再热系统配置分析

火电厂烟气脱硫(FGD)大部分采用石灰石石膏湿法脱硫工艺。该工艺通常安装有烟气再热器(GGH),为合理使用环保投资,根据电厂的实际情况来决定是否需要安装GGH,本文从技术、经济及环保角度对烟气脱硫系统配置过程中GGH设置与否进行了比较,并提出了相关建议。     

石灰石-石膏法烟气脱硫过程中SO_3酸雾脱除特性

基于石灰石-石膏法烟气脱硫工艺,分析探讨了湿法烟气脱硫(WFGD)过程中对SO_3酸雾脱除机理,并考察了脱硫操作条件、塔入口烟气飞灰浓度及不同煤质组分对SO_3酸雾脱除效率的影响.结果表明,湿法烟气脱硫过程中SO_3酸雾可通过脱硫浆液的吸收以及对吸附SO_3酸雾颗粒物的捕集而脱除.单塔湿法烟气脱硫系统对SO_3酸雾脱除效率为25%~50%;随着脱硫液气比和脱硫塔入口飞灰浓度增加、脱硫入口烟气温度下降,湿法烟气脱硫系统对SO_3酸雾脱除效率均有所提高.实际电厂双塔湿法烟气脱硫系统对SO_3酸雾脱除效率为50%~65%,随着煤中硫分与灰分的增加,SO_3酸雾脱除效率随之提高.     

我国烟气脱硫技术的应用现状与发展趋势

本文介绍了国内目前正在运行或研究的烟气脱硫技术,阐述了湿法、半干法和干法脱硫技术的发展及应用情况,指出了烟气脱硫工艺的研究方向和发展趋势.     

电厂烟气湿法脱硫的技术问题综述

火电厂脱硫系统存在很多技术问题，在实际生产中，如果不能处理好将使脱硫效率降低，并受到监管部门的处罚。因此，总结解决这些技术问题的方法非常必要的。本文阐述了电厂烟气湿法脱硫工艺原理及存在的技术问题和处理方法，并对影响脱硫效率的主要因素进行了探讨。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the