| 太阳磁场测量 |
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| 引用本文： | 李文显,田晖.太阳磁场测量[J].自然杂志,2021,44(1):19-30. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李文显 田晖 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院国家天文台，北京 100101；2北京大学 地球与空间科学学院，北京 100871 |
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| 摘 要： | 20世纪初太阳黑子中磁场的发现将对太阳的研究从唯象观测带入真正的物理研究。太阳磁场将太阳内部以及各层大气联系在一起，其演化驱动了太阳大气中的各种活动现象。太阳磁场的精确测量对于我们理解太阳物理学中大多数尚未解决的问题至关重要。文章主要回顾了太阳磁场的发现和观测历史，介绍太阳磁场常用的测量方法和当前面临的挑战。
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| 关 键 词： | 太阳磁场 偏振光谱学 塞曼效应 汉勒效应 日冕磁场 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-12-02 |
Measurements of the solar magnetic fields |
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| LI Wenxian,TIAN Hui.Measurements of the solar magnetic fields[J].Chinese Journal of Nature,2021,44(1):19-30. |
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| Authors: | LI Wenxian TIAN Hui |
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| Affiliation: | 1.National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;2.School of Earth and Space
Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China |
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| Abstract: | The discovery of magnetic field in sunspots in 1908 brought solar physics from phenomenological observations to studies
on the basis of physics. The solar magnetic field couples the solar interior with the visible surface of the Sun and with its entire
atmosphere. Evolution of the solar magnetic field drives various types of activity in the solar atmosphere. The accurate measurement
of solar magnetic fields is critical to our understanding of most unsolved problems in solar physics. In this article, we give an overview
of the solar magnetic field measurements, including Hale’s discovery, history of solar magnetic field observations, and various
methods for magnetic field measurements. The challenges and prospects for future research are also discussed. |
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| Keywords: | solar magnetic field spectropolarimetry Zeeman effect Hanle effect coronal magnetic field |
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