| 超导与量子计算 |
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| 引用本文： | 金贻荣.超导与量子计算[J].自然杂志,2006,42(4):301-310. |
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| 作者姓名： | 金贻荣 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京量子信息科学研究院，北京 100193 |
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| 摘 要： | 基于量子力学态叠加性和纠缠性的量子计算，以其指数级增长的庞大计算空间和更高级的信息抽象能力，为计算提供了新的范式。这一新技术有可能解决一些经典计算无法解决的计算难题，同时解决经典计算的功耗问题。超导效应作为一种宏观量子效应，为量子态相干操控提供了绝佳的无损耗环境，而约瑟夫森结为构建量子比特提供了必要的能级分立性和非线性。经过二十余年的高速发展，基于超导量子电路的量子计算技术已经在退相干时间、量子态操控和读取、量子比特间可控耦合、中大规模扩展等关键技术上取得大量突破，成为构建通用量子计算机和量子模拟机最有前途的候选技术路线之一。文章就这一技术做一个简要的介绍和梳理，以令读者了解整个技术脉络为目标，尽可能不涉及复杂的符号和公式。最后，还简要讨论了超导量子计算发展的未来，并指出其中部分关键技术难点。
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| 关 键 词： | 量子计算 超导量子比特 量子电路 约瑟夫森结 量子模拟 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-05-18 |
Superconductivity meets quantum computation |
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| JIN Yirong.Superconductivity meets quantum computation[J].Chinese Journal of Nature,2006,42(4):301-310. |
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| Authors: | JIN Yirong |
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| Affiliation: | Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China |
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| Abstract: | Quantum computation, based on quantum state superposition and entanglement, offered a new computing schema for its exponentially grown huge computing space and higher information abstracting ability. It can potentially solve a series of problems
that is “hard” for classical computer, and significantly decrease the power consumption per operation. Superconductivity, as a robust
macroscopic quantum phenomenon, offered a perfect non-dissipating test-bed for coherent quantum operation. Moreover, Josephson
junction that based on superconductors offered essential state quantization and non-linearity for constructing a qubit. After over twenty
year’s fast development, quantum computing technology based on superconducting quantum circuits has achieved abundant breaks in
some key technologies, including improvement of coherence time, quantum state manipulation and readout, tunable coupling between
qubits, scaling up to well addressable moderate-large scale quantum system, and so on. Now, it is no doubt that superconducting
quantum computing becomes one of the most promising candidates for building a universal quantum computer. Here I would like
to give a crash review for this technology, and briefly draw a skeleton of superconducting quantum circuits. The purpose is to let the
readers catch some scientific backend for building a quantum computer. Therefore, I try the best to avoid complicated symbols and
equations. Finally, I try to give a bold discussion about the future development blueprint, and point out some key technical challenges
when approaching such a “Holy Grail”. |
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| Keywords: | quantum computing superconducting qubit quantum circuit Josephson junction quantum simulation |
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