| 水旱稻分化与节水抗旱稻 |
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| 引用本文： | 罗利军.水旱稻分化与节水抗旱稻[J].自然杂志,2022,44(5):339-356. |
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| 作者姓名： | 罗利军 |
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| 作者单位： | 上海市农业生物基因中心 农业农村部粮食作物资源评价利用重点实验室，上海 201106 |
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| 摘 要： | 普通野生稻在向栽培稻演化的过程中，形成旱稻和水稻两类适应不同土壤水分条件的生态类型，其中旱稻先于水稻驯化且长期受到“产量-抗旱性”的“双向选择”。采用“双向选择”策略，可将水稻的高产优质特性与旱稻的节水抗旱特性整合，育成节水抗旱稻。节水抗旱稻的水分利用效率高、抗旱性强，适合于“旱直播旱管”的绿色栽培模式，既可在水田不淹水栽培，又可在旱地或山坡地直播种植，拓展了栽培稻的种植空间。节水抗旱稻生产过程中可大幅度节约灌溉用水、减少面源污染和甲烷排放，降低劳动成本。
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| 关 键 词： | 水旱稻分化 节水抗旱稻 水分利用效率 抗旱性 加值育种 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-04-10 |
Differentiation of lowland-upland rice and development of water-saving anddrought-resistance rice |
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| LUO Lijun.Differentiation of lowland-upland rice and development of water-saving anddrought-resistance rice[J].Chinese Journal of Nature,2022,44(5):339-356. |
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| Authors: | LUO Lijun |
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| Affiliation: | Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China |
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| Abstract: | The lowland and upland rice are two ecotypes to adapt to contrasting soil water status during the evolution from the wild rice to cultivated rice. The upland rice is domesticated before rice and is long subjected to bidirectional selection on yield potential and drought resistance. The water-saving and drought-resistance rice (WDR) is developed by integrating the both high yield potential and acceptable grain quality as current lowland paddy rice, as well as water-saving and drought-resistance as traditional upland rice. It has higher water use efficiency and stronger drought-resistance, and could be planted in paddy field by dry seeding with aerobic cultivation, and upland rainfed and hillside land. The WDR production can greatly save irrigation water, reduce non-point source pollution and methane emission, and reduce labor inputs. |
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| Keywords: | differentiation of lowland-upland rice water-saving and drought-resistance rice water use efficiency drought resistance value-add breeding
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