Excavation in layered surrounding rocks is liable to cause side wall bending-buckling, bottom drum and roof bending. Therefore, relying on a layered surrounding rock tunnel project in Chongqing, based on the engineering geological characteristics of the tunnel and the lithological distribution of the stratum, focusing on the relationship between the angle between the rock layer and the anchor, using ANSYS static finite element numerical analysis program The stress and deformation characteristics of the layered mudstone section of the tunnel were simulated and analyzed, and the initial support parameters were optimized. Based on comprehensive research results, an optimal plan for the initial support of the layered mudstone section of the tunnel is obtained, that is, the upper step anchor rod with an angle of 30 ° between the anchor rod and the rock layer is eliminated. The research method and results are based on the actual working conditions, and the numerical method is used to restore the on-site support force state. The corresponding analysis methods and research results can provide some reference for the design and construction of similar tunnels and mine roadways.