A three factor,three-level Box-Behnken experimental design combining with response surface modeling (RSM) was employed for studied three independent variables (contact time(T₀)、initial concentration (C₀), and operating voltage(V₀) in electrodialysis, taken desalination efficiency (Y)as response function ,a mathematic model is established and optimized the operating conditions. The results show that p <0.0001, R₂ = 0.9974 and CV = 1.18% in the quadratic regression model, indicating that the model has a high degree of significance and accuracy. By the Pareto chart analysis, the operating voltage show the highest level of contribution to the model"s response value (Y), and their interaction between initial concentration (C₀) and operating voltage (V₀) has the smallest contribution. The optimum conditions were determined to be Y=99.86% (T₀ = 2.0 h, C₀=100.1 ppm, V₀ = 18.43). By the result of verification experimental ,predicted values was in excellent agreement with t the experimental values ,the absolute error is less than 1%, it illustrated that the model can predict the actual process. The study showed that three factor, three-level Box-Behnken experimental design combining with response surface modeling (RSM) is a useful tool to investigate the factors influencing the electrodialysis efficiency , optimized the operating conditions ,and realized the global optimal value .