This paper presents a dynamic programming method to optimize the cable forces of cable-stayed bridges. This paper discusses the basic concept of dynamic planning, introduces the adjustment of the actual test model and the making process of the model, and introduces the model test method in detail. Through simulating the whole construction process of the cable-stayed bridge, the working state of the bridge is studied, and the node displacement changes in the construction process of the cable-stayed bridge are obtained. The test results are compared with the dynamic planning results. A single tower cable-stayed bridge model is established, and the dynamic programming method is used to optimize the cable force, which is compared with the original model. The results show that the vertical displacement of the main girder calculated by dynamic programming method is compared with the ideal vertical displacement of each stage, and the difference between the two is very small, the internal force distribution is more uniform after optimization, and the bending moment is reduced. The dynamic programming method can be applied to the optimization of cable forces.